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It can be used as an analgesic for moderate to severe pain in non-ambulant patients (the latter being because of its strong sedative effects).[4]
Levomepromazine is also used at lower doses for the treatment of nausea and insomnia.[2]
Levomepromazine is frequently prescribed and valued worldwide in palliative care medicine for its multimodal action, to treat intractable nausea or vomiting, and for severe delirium/agitation in the last days of life. Palliative care physicians will commonly prescribe it orally or via subcutaneous syringe drivers in combination with opioid analgesics such as hydromorphone.[2][3]
Levomepromazine is used for the treatment of psychosis, particularly those of schizophrenia, and manic phases of bipolar disorder. It should only be used with caution in the treatment of agitated depressions, as it can cause akathisia as a side effect, which could worsen the agitation.[2][3] A 2010 systematic review compared the efficacy of levomepromazine with atypical antipsychotic drugs:
Levomepromazine versus atypical antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia[5]
Summary
Data are few and not high quality making it impossible to be confident about the effects for schizophrenia.[5]
Outcome
Findings in words
Findings in numbers
Quality of evidence
Global state
Not much improved (CGI) Follow-up: short-term
Levomepromazine may increase the risk of not seeing an improvement when compared with atypical antipsychotic drugs, but, at present there are only very limited data supporting this finding.
Any response (<20% decrease PANSS Follow-up: short-term
At present it is not possible to be confident about the difference between people given levomepromazine and those receiving atypical antipsychotic drugs. There is very limited data to support this finding.
Levomepromazine may slightly reduce the risk of constipation but there is no clear difference between people given levomepromazine and those receiving atypical antipsychotics. These findings are based on data of low quality.
Levomepromazine may increase the chance of experiencing dizziness when compared with atypical antipsychotic drugs. Data are based on low quality evidence.
There is no clear difference for the outcome of 'drowsiness' between people given levomepromazine and those receiving atypical antipsychotic drugs. These findings are based on data of low quality.
Dry mouth is no more or less common with levomepromazine compared with those receiving atypical antipsychotic drugs. These findings are based on data of low quality.
Levomepromazine may reduce the risk of movement disorders but, with current data, there is no clear difference between people given levomepromazine and those receiving atypical antipsychotic drugs. These findings are based on data of very limited quality.
The most common side effect is akathisia.[3] Levomepromazine has prominent sedative and anticholinergic/sympatholytic effects (dry mouth, hypotension, sinus tachycardia, night sweats) and may cause weight gain.[3] These side effects normally preclude prescribing the drug in doses needed for full remission of schizophrenia, so it has to be combined with a more potent antipsychotic.[3] In any case, blood pressure and EKG should be monitored regularly.[3]
A rare but life-threatening side effect is neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS).[3] The symptoms of NMS include muscle stiffness, convulsions and fever.[3]
History
The drug (under the name Nozinan) started clinical trials in France in 1956 and was studied in Canada 3 years later.[6]
^ abcdefBrayfield A, ed. (13 December 2013). "Levomepromazine". Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. London, UK: Pharmaceutical Press. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
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