Counties of Romania

Counties of Romania
Romanian: *Județele României*
Counties of Romania ; Romanian: Județele României
	The 41 counties of Romania and Municipality of Bucharest (clickable imagemap)
Category	Unitary state
Location	Romania
Created	1995 (Current form, 41 + Bucharest); 1859 (33); 1926 (71); 1941 (73); 1968 (38 + Bucharest + Ilfov Agricultural Sector);
Abolished	1950–1968;
Number	41 (as of 1995)
Additional status	electoral constituency;
Populations	193,355 (TL) – 760,774 (IS)/1,716,983 (B)
Areas	228 km2 (88 sq mi) (B)/1,583 km2 (611 sq mi) (IF) – 8,697 km2 (3,358 sq mi) (TM)
Government	County Council and County Council President;
Subdivisions	Municipality/town/commune/sector;

A total of 41 counties (Romanian: județe), along with the municipality of Bucharest, constitute the official administrative divisions of Romania. They represent the country's NUTS-3 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics – Level 3) statistical subdivisions within the European Union and each of them serves as the local level of government within its borders. Most counties are named after a major river, while some are named after notable cities within them, such as the county seat.

The earliest organization into județe of the Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia (where they were termed ținuturi) dates back to at least the late 14th century. For most of the time since modern Romania was formed in 1859, the administrative division system has been similar to that of the French departments. The system has since changed several times and the number of counties has varied over time, from the 71 județe that existed before World War II to only 39 after 1968. The current format has largely been in place since 1968 as only small changes have been made since then, the last of which was in 1997.

According to the 2021 census data from the National Institute of Statistics, the average population of Romania's 41 counties is about 423,000, with Iași County as the most populous (760,000) and Tulcea County (193,000) the least. The average county's land area is 5,809 square kilometres (2,243 sq mi), with Timiș County (8,697 square kilometres (3,358 sq mi)) the largest and Ilfov County (1,583 square kilometres (611 sq mi)) the smallest. The municipality of Bucharest, which has the same administrative level as that of a county, is both more populous and much smaller than any county, with 1,716,983 people and 228 square kilometres (88 sq mi).

History

The earliest organization into județe (for Wallachia), and ținuturi (for Moldavia), dates back at least to the late 14th century.^{[note 1]}^[1]^[2]^[3] Inspired from the organization of the late Byzantine Empire, each județ was ruled by a jude (or pârcălab for a ținut), a person officially appointed with administrative and judicial functions.^[3]^[4] Transylvania was divided into royal counties headed by comes (royal counts) with administrative and judicial functions.^[3]

After modern Romania was formed in 1859 through the union of Wallachia and the rump of Moldavia, the administrative division was modernized using the French administrative system as a model, with județ as the basic administrative unit.^[5]^[6] Aside from the 1950–1968 period, this system has remained in place until today. Since 1864, for each județ there exists a prefect, a subordinate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and representative of the government inside the county; he is also the head of local administration for areas not delegated to local authorities.^[5]^[6] Until 1948, each județ was further divided into several plăși, each administered by a pretor.^[7]

After the adoption of a new Constitution in 1923, the traditional local administrative systems of the newly acquired regions of Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia were made uniform in 1925 with that of the Romanian Old Kingdom. County borders were kept largely intact, with few adjustments, and the total number of counties was raised to 71; this lasted until the beginning of World War II.^[6]

In 1938, King Carol II modified the law on the administration of the Romanian territory according to the fascist model.^[8] Ten ținuturi (approx. translation "lands") were created, ruled by Rezidenți Regali (Royal Residents), appointed directly by the Monarch. The ținuturi represented another layer of administration between counties and the country, as the county borders were not erased.^[5]^[9]

Due to the territorial changes during World War II, this style of administration did not last, and the administration at the județ level was reintroduced after the war.^[5] Between 1941 and 1944, Romania administered the territory between the Dniester and Southern Bug rivers known as Transnistria, which consisted of 13 separate counties.^[10]

After taking over the administration of the country in 1945, the Communist Party changed the administrative model to that of the Soviet Union (regions and raions) in 1950, but changed it back in 1968.^[11] Nevertheless, the county borders set then were quite different from those present during the interbellum, as only 39 counties were formed from the 56 remaining after the war.^[12]

In 1981, Giurgiu and Călărași were split from Ialomița and the former county of Ilfov,^[12] while in 1997, Ilfov County, which had been a dependency of the municipality of Bucharest for nearly two decades, was reinstated.^[13]^[14] The county borders set in 1968 are still largely in place today, but the functions of different authorities have changed due to administrative reforms in the 1990s.^[5]^[6]

At present, Romania is divided into 41 counties and one municipality (Bucharest); these are assigned as the NUTS-3 geocode statistical subdivision scheme of Romania within the European Union.^[15] Each of the counties is further divided into cities (some of which have municipality status) and communes. The prefect and his administration have executive prerogatives within the county limits, while limited legislative powers are assigned to a County Council elected every four years during local elections.^[16] The territorial districts of the Romanian judicial system overlap with county borders, thus avoiding further complication in the separation of powers on the government.^[5]

Current list

CoA	County	County seat	Name origin ^{[note 2]}^[17]	Region	ISO code ^{[note 3]}	Postal code ^{[note 4]}^[18]	Area code ^{[note 5]}^[19]	NUTS code ^{[note 6]}^[20]	Pop. (December 1, 2021)^[21]	Area^[22]
	Alba	Alba Iulia	Alba Iulia	Center	AB	51	58	RO121	325,941	6,250 km² (2,410 sq mi)
	Arad	Arad	county seat	West	AR	31	57	RO421	410,143	7,746 km² (2,991 sq mi)
	Argeș	Pitești	Argeș River	South-Muntenia	AG	11	48	RO311	569,932	6,822 km² (2,634 sq mi)
	Bacău	Bacău	county seat	North-East	BC	60	34	RO211	601,387	6,622 km² (2,557 sq mi)
	Bihor	Oradea	Biharia commune	North-West	BH	41	59	RO111	551,297	7,539 km² (2,911 sq mi)
	Bistrița-Năsăud	Bistrița	Bistrița River and Năsăud city	North-West	BN	42	63	RO112	295,988	5,358 km² (2,069 sq mi)
	Botoșani	Botoșani	county seat	North-East	BT	71	31	RO212	392,821	4,987 km² (1,925 sq mi)
	Brașov	Brașov	county seat	Center	BV	50	68	RO122	546,615	5,361 km² (2,070 sq mi)
	Brăila	Brăila	county seat	South-East	BR	81	39	RO221	281,452	4,766 km² (1,840 sq mi)
	Bucharest^{[note 7]}		last name Bucur^[23]	Bucharest-Ilfov	B	01–06 ^{[note 8]}	1x ^{[note 9]}	RO321	1,716,983	240 km² (93 sq mi)
	Buzău	Buzău	Buzău River	South-East	BZ	12	38	RO222	404,979	6,101 km² (2,356 sq mi)
	Caraș-Severin	Reșița	defunct Caraș and Severin Counties	West	CS	32	55	RO422	246,588	8,532 km² (3,294 sq mi)
	Călărași	Călărași	county seat	South-Muntenia	CL	91	42	RO312	283,458	5,087 km² (1,964 sq mi)
	Cluj	Cluj-Napoca	county seat	North-West	CJ	40	64	RO113	679,141	6,672 km² (2,576 sq mi)
	Constanța	Constanța	county seat	South-East	CT	90	41	RO223	655,997	7,104 km² (2,743 sq mi)
	Covasna	Sfântu Gheorghe	Covasna River	Center	CV	52	67	RO123	200,042	3,707 km² (1,431 sq mi)
	Dâmbovița	Târgoviște	Dâmbovița River	South-Muntenia	DB	13	45	RO313	479,404	4,056 km² (1,566 sq mi)
	Dolj	Craiova	Jiu River^{[note 10]}	South-West Oltenia	DJ	20	51	RO411	599,442	7,425 km² (2,867 sq mi)
	Galați	Galați	county seat	South-East	GL	80	36	RO224	496,892	4,465 km² (1,724 sq mi)
	Giurgiu	Giurgiu	county seat	South-Muntenia	GR	08	46	RO314	262,066	3,544 km² (1,368 sq mi)
	Gorj	Târgu Jiu	Jiu River^{[note 11]}	South-West Oltenia	GJ	21	53	RO412	314,684	5,572 km² (2,151 sq mi)
	Harghita	Miercurea Ciuc	Harghita Mountains	Center	HR	53	66	RO124	291,950	6,637 km² (2,563 sq mi)
	Hunedoara	Deva	Hunedoara city	West	HD	33	54	RO423	361,657	7,072 km² (2,731 sq mi)
	Ialomița	Slobozia	Ialomița River	South-Muntenia	IL	92	43	RO315	250,816	4,455 km² (1,720 sq mi)
	Iași	Iași	county seat	North-East	IS	70	32	RO213	760,774	5,477 km² (2,115 sq mi)
	Ilfov	Bucharest	Ilfov River	Bucharest-Ilfov	IF	07	1x ^{[note 9]}	RO322	542,686	1,564 km² (604 sq mi)
	Maramureș	Baia Mare	Maramureș historical region	North-West	MM	43	62	RO114	452,475	6,303 km² (2,434 sq mi)
	Mehedinți	Drobeta-Turnu Severin	Mehadia commune	South-West Oltenia	MH	22	52	RO413	234,339	4,942 km² (1,908 sq mi)
	Mureș	Târgu Mureș	Mureș River	Center	MS	54	65	RO125	518,193	6,705 km² (2,589 sq mi)
	Neamț	Piatra Neamț	Neamț River	North-East	NT	61	33	RO214	454,203	5,897 km² (2,277 sq mi)
	Olt	Slatina	Olt River	South-West Oltenia	OT	23	49	RO414	383,280	5,503 km² (2,125 sq mi)
Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Counties_of_Romania Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia. Navigácia: Veda > Analytika Antropológia Aplikované vedy Bibliometria Dejiny vedy Encyklopédie Filozofia vedy Forenzné vedy Humanitné vedy Knižničná veda Kryogenika Kryptológia Kulturológia Literárna veda Medzidisciplinárne oblasti Metódy kvantitatívnej analýzy Metavedy Metodika Metodológia vedy Náboženstvo a veda Náučná literatúra Podvody vo vede Popularizácia vedy Potravinárstvo Prírodné vedy Pseudoveda Scientometria Spoločenské vedy Teórie Teatrológia Technické vedy Technika Terminológia Umenie Výskum Veda Veda a technika podľa štátu Veda a technika podľa kontinentu Veda a technika podľa roka Veda v kozme Vedci Vedecká literatúra Vedecké databázy Vedecké experimenty Vedecké konferencie Vedecké metódy Vedecké ocenenia Vedecké organizácie Vedecké parky Vedeckí spisovatelia Vzdelávanie Záhady Príbuzné výrazy: Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia. www.astronomia.sk \| www.biologia.sk \| www.botanika.sk \| www.dejiny.sk \| www.economy.sk \| www.elektrotechnika.sk \| www.estetika.sk \| www.farmakologia.sk \| www.filozofia.sk \| Fyzika \| www.futurologia.sk \| www.genetika.sk \| www.chemia.sk \| www.lingvistika.sk \| www.politologia.sk \| www.psychologia.sk \| www.sexuologia.sk \| www.sociologia.sk \| www.veda.sk I www.zoologia.sk

[note 1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[note 2]

[17]

[note 3]

[note 4]

[18]

[note 5]

[19]

[note 6]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[note 7]

[23]

[note 8]

[note 9]

[note 10]

[note 11]