A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
![]() Potassium pearls (in paraffin oil, ~5 mm each) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Potassium | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Appearance | silvery white, faint bluish-purple hue when exposed to air | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Standard atomic weight Ar°(K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Potassium in the periodic table | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Atomic number (Z) | 19 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group | group 1: hydrogen and alkali metals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Period | period 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Block | s-block | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electron configuration | [Ar] 4s1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 8, 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Physical properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phase at STP | solid | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Melting point | 336.7 K (63.5 °C, 146.3 °F) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Boiling point | 1030.793 K (757.643 °C, 1395.757 °F)[3] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Density (at 20° C) | 0.8590 g/cm3 [4] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
when liquid (at m.p.) | 0.82948 g/cm3[3] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Critical point | 2223 K, 16 MPa[5] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Heat of fusion | 2.33 kJ/mol | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Heat of vaporization | 76.9 kJ/mol | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molar heat capacity | 29.6 J/(mol·K) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Atomic properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oxidation states | −1, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 0.82 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ionization energies |
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Atomic radius | empirical: 227 pm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Covalent radius | 203±12 pm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Van der Waals radius | 275 pm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Other properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Natural occurrence | primordial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Crystal structure | body-centered cubic (bcc) (cI2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lattice constant | a = 532.69 pm (at 20 °C)[4] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thermal expansion | 77.37×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[4] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thermal conductivity | 102.5 W/(m⋅K) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electrical resistivity | 72 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[6] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molar magnetic susceptibility | +20.8×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[7] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Young's modulus | 3.53 GPa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shear modulus | 1.3 GPa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulk modulus | 3.1 GPa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Speed of sound thin rod | 2000 m/s (at 20 °C) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mohs hardness | 0.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Brinell hardness | 0.363 MPa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CAS Number | 7440-09-7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
History | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discovery and first isolation | Humphry Davy (1807) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Symbol | "K": from New Latin kalium | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Isotopes of potassium | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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K · Potassium | ||
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Ar ← |
→ Ca | |
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indexes by PT (page) |
child table, as reused in {IB-K} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Main isotopes of potassium | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Data sets read by {{Infobox element}} | |
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Name and identifiers | |
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial) | |
Top image (caption, alt) | |
Pronunciation | |
Allotropes (overview) | |
Group (overview) | |
Period (overview) | |
Block (overview) | |
Natural occurrence | |
Phase at STP | |
Oxidation states | |
Spectral lines image | |
Electron configuration (cmt, ref) | |
Isotopes | |
Standard atomic weight | |
most stable isotope | |
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Wikidata * | |
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (45) · (this table: ) |
References
- ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Potassium". CIAAW. 1979.
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
- ^ a b Aitken, F.; Volino, F. (January 2022). "New equations of state describing both the dynamic viscosity and self-diffusion coefficient for potassium and thallium in their fluid phases". Physics of Fluids. 34 (1): 017112. doi:10.1063/5.0079944.
- ^ a b c Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
- ^ Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.122. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.
- ^ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
- ^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
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