A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
Soekarno–Hatta International Airport Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno–Hatta | |||||||||||||||||||
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| Summary | |||||||||||||||||||
| Airport type | Public | ||||||||||||||||||
| Owner | InJourney | ||||||||||||||||||
| Operator | Angkasa Pura II | ||||||||||||||||||
| Serves | Jakarta metropolitan area | ||||||||||||||||||
| Location | Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia | ||||||||||||||||||
| Opened | 1 May 1985 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hub for | |||||||||||||||||||
| Focus city for | |||||||||||||||||||
| Time zone | WIB (UTC+07:00) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Elevation AMSL | 32 ft / 10 m | ||||||||||||||||||
| Coordinates | 6°07′32″S 106°39′21″E / 6.12556°S 106.65583°E | ||||||||||||||||||
| Website | soekarnohatta-airport.co.id | ||||||||||||||||||
| Map | |||||||||||||||||||
| Runways | |||||||||||||||||||
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| Statistics (2019) | |||||||||||||||||||
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Source: List of the busiest airports in Indonesia,[4] Passenger and Aircraft Movements from ACI[5] Cargo from Angkasa Pura II Airports Company[6] | |||||||||||||||||||
Soekarno–Hatta International Airport (Indonesian: Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno–Hatta) (IATA: CGK, ICAO: WIII), abbreviated SHIA[7] or Soetta, formerly legally called Jakarta Cengkareng Airport (Indonesian: Bandar Udara Jakarta Cengkareng) (hence the IATA designator "CGK"), is the primary airport serving the Jakarta metropolitan area on the island of Java in Indonesia. Named after the first president and vice-president of Indonesia, Sukarno (1901–1970) and Mohammad Hatta (1902–1980), the airport is located at Benda, Tangerang and Cengkareng, West Jakarta, which is about 20 km northwest of Central Jakarta. Together with Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport, they served over 80 million passengers in 2019.[8]
The airport commenced domestic operations on 1 May 1985 replacing the old over-capacity Kemayoran Airport. The airport was expanded in 1991 to replace Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport for international flights, which still serves domestic charter, VIP, private flights, and re-opened as a second commercial airport for domestic flights to relieve pressure over Soekarno-Hatta airport that is currently running overcapacity. The airport served 66.9 million passengers in 2018, ranked as 18th busiest airport in the world by Airports Council International, and the busiest in Southeast Asia.[9][10] In recent years, the airport has received numerous awards and recognitions. In 2024, the airport ranked as 28th best airport in the world by Skytrax.[11]
To reduce congestion and to achieve a target to handle 100 flights per hour, a third runway opened in August 2019. Upgradation of the original two runways done for safety and to accommodate wide-bodied aircraft are almost comp.[12] The airport will be able to serve 100 million passengers annually by 2025 after completion of ongoing development work.[13]
History
Until 1985, Jakarta's first airport, Kemayoran Airport, was the main airport for the city, and was eventually considered inadequate for further expansion[when?] because it was too close to the major Halim Perdanakusuma airport. The civil airspace in the area became increasingly restricted, while air traffic increased rapidly, posing problems for international air traffic. In 1969, a senior communication officers meeting in Bangkok expressed these concerns.[citation needed]
In the early 1970s, with the help of USAID, eight potential locations were analyzed for a new international airport, namely Kemayoran, Malaka, Babakan, Jonggol, Halim, Curug, South Tangerang and North Tangerang.[citation needed] Finally, the North Tangerang site was chosen; it was also noted that Jonggol could be used as an alternative airfield. Meanwhile, as an interim step, the Indonesian government upgraded the Halim Perdanakusuma airfield for use for passenger services. The old Kemayoran site was closed in 1985, and the land was later used for commercial and housing purposes.[14]
Between 1974 and 1975, a Canadian consortium, consisting of Aviation Planning Services Ltd., ACRESS International Ltd., and Searle Wilbee Rowland (SWR), won a bid for the new airport feasibility project. The feasibility study started on 20 February 1974, with a total cost of 1 million Canadian dollars. The one-year project proceeded with an Indonesian partner represented by PT Konavi. By the end of March 1975, the study revealed a plan to build three inline runways, three international terminal buildings, three domestic buildings, and one building for Hajj flights. Three stores for the domestic terminals would be built between 1975 and 1981 at a cost of US$465 million and one domestic terminal including an apron from 1982 to 1985 at a cost of US$126 million. A new terminal project, named the Jakarta International Airport Cengkareng, began.[15]
Design
The airport's terminal 1 and 2 were designed by Paul Andreu, a French architect who also designed Paris–Charles de Gaulle Airport. One of the characteristics of the airport is the incorporation of the local architecture into the design and the presence of tropical gardens between the waiting lounges. These unique characteristics earned the airport the 1995 Aga Khan Award for Architecture.[16] The runways run northeast–southwest. There are three parallel runways, two on the north side and one on the south side. The airport terminal took the plan of spanning fan, with the main entrances of terminals connected to a series of waiting and boarding pavilions via corridors. These waiting and boarding pavilions are connected to the airplanes through boarding bridges. Terminal 1 is on the southern side of the airport, while Terminal 2 and 3 are on the north side.
The airport concept is described as "garden within the airport" or "airport in the garden", as tropical decorative and flower plants fill the spaces between corridors, waiting and boarding pavilions. The boarding pavilions demonstrate local Indonesian vernacular architecture, particularly the roof, in the Javanese stepped-roof pendopo and joglo style. The interior design displays the diversity of Indonesian art and culture, with ethnic decorative elements taken from wooden carvings of Java, Bali, Sumatra, Dayak, Toraja to Papua. Another example is the railings of stairs, doors, and gates, which show the kala-makara (giant head and mythical fish-elephant creature) theme typical in ancient Indonesian temples such as Borobudur. Terminal 3, however, has a different architectural style—unlike the ethnic-inspired Indonesian vernacular architecture of terminals 1 and 2, terminal 3 uses the contemporary modern style of large glass windows with metal frames and columns.
Project phases
Time was needed to allocate land and also determine the provincial border.[clarification needed] Authorities at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol were consulted about the airport plans, and concluded that the proposal was rather expensive and over-designed. The cost rose because of using a decentralized system. The centralized system was seen as a more suitable option. The team, however, chose the latter, similar to Orly Airport, Lyon Satolas, Hannover Airport and Kansas City Airport due to its simplicity and effectiveness.[citation needed]
On 12 November 1976, the building project tender was won by the French Aeroport de Paris. 6 months later, the final design was agreed on by the Indonesian government and Aeroport de Paris with a fixed cost of about 22,323,203 French francs and Rp. 177,156,000 equivalent to 2,100,000 francs.[citation needed] The work was scheduled to take 18 months. The government-appointed PT. Konavi as the local partner. The plan included 2 runways with taxiways, one access road in the east and one in the west (closed to public use) for airport services, 3 terminals capable of accommodating 3 million passengers per year, and 1 module for international flights and 2 for domestic. "An airport inside a garden" was chosen as the design idea.[citation needed]
On 20 May 1980, a four-year contract was signed. Sainraptet Brice, SAE, Colas together with PT. Waskita Karya were chosen to be the developers. Ir. Karno Barkah was appointed the project director, responsible for the airport's construction.[17] On 1 December 1980, the Indonesian government signed a contract for Rp. 384.8 billion with developers. The cost structure was: Rp140,450,513,000 from the state budget, 1,223,457 francs donated by France and US$15,898,251 from the United States. The airport structure was completed exactly four years later.[citation needed]
| Phases of Soekarno–Hatta International Airport Project | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase | Year | Description | Status | |
| Phase 1 | 1 May 1985 | Opening of Terminal 1 with a capacity of 9 million passengers per annum | Completed | |
| Phase 2 | 11 May 1991 | Opening of Terminal 2 with a capacity of 18 million passengers per annum | Completed | |
| Phase 3 | 15 Apr 2009 | Construction of Terminal 3 phase 1 with a capacity of 22 million passengers per annum | Completed | |
| Fully built new freight terminal (on northwest section) | Pending | |||
| Phase 4 | 9 Aug 2016 | Completion of Terminal 3 with a capacity of 43 million passengers per annum | Completed | |
| Construction of airport railway | Completed | |||
| Construction of third runway | Completed | |||
| Construction of east-cross taxiway | Completed | |||
| Construction of Terminal 4[18] | Designing[19] | |||
| Phase 5 | 2022 | Refurbishment of Terminal 1 & Terminal 2 to increase capacity to 61 million passengers per annum | In progress | |
Plans
The capacity of the airport has increased from 22 million in 2014 to 62 million in 2017, but the airport handled more than 63 million passengers in 2017. Therefore, plans to build the fourth passenger terminal is already underway. Angkasa Pura II, as the operator, designed Soekarno–Hatta Airport to have 3 passenger terminals, 1 new freight terminal (cargo village) and an 'Integrated Building', that will be built in between Terminal 1 and 2. Also, there will be an increase in apron capacity from 125 airplanes to 174 airplanes.
An airport train to Manggarai Station and a people mover for ground transportation to, from and inside the airport were also planned. The free Skytrain began operations in September 2017 while the airport train started commercial service in December 2017.
In the first stage, Terminal 3 will be expanded. Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 will be integrated with green walls[clarification needed] and the airport will have a convention hall, shopping center, hotel, playground, recreational facilities and parking area for 20,000 vehicles.[20]
To anticipate a surge in passenger numbers, at least a ten percent increase each year, the government made plans to build a third runway. By May 2019 the construction progress reached 70 percent. 2500 meters of the runway began operational on 15 August 2019.[21] The third runway will be expanded to 3000 metres by the end of 2019. With the opening of the third runway, capacity was increased to 114 flights per hour, up from 81 flights per hour.
Initially, Angkasa Pura II planned for an expansion that will use about 1,000 hectares (2,500 acres) from 10 villages in the Teluk Naga and Kosambi subdistricts.[22][23] The expansion plan was rejected by the Tangerang Municipal Government because the residents living around the airport would lose their jobs. The local government offered another location such as in Balaraja, but Angkasa Pura II corporate secretary said that building a new airport would not be an easy task, as it requires a thorough study.[24] Finally, Angkasa Pura II only used 134 hectares of land and appraisal will be used to buy the land.[25] It can be done due to a new design for the third runway.
To accommodate 86 aircraft movements per hour from the current 72 movements per hour, since 2016 the airport authority has been developing an east cross taxiway costing Rp 1.15 trillion ($86.1 million) to connect the existing Runway 1 and Runway 2. The east cross taxiway was finished and opened in December 2019.[26]
Terminals
There are three main terminal buildings; Terminal 1, Terminal 2 and Terminal 3. The airport also has a dedicated freight terminal for domestic and international cargo.
Terminal 1
Terminal 1 is the first terminal built and was opened in 1985. It is located on the southern side of the airport, opposite Terminal 2. Terminal 1 has 3 sub-terminals, each equipped with 25 check-in counters, 23 aerobridges, 5 baggage carousels, and 7 gates. It has the capacity to handle 9 million passengers per annum.
The gates in Terminal 1 have a prefix of A, B or C. The gates are A1–A7, B1–B7 and C1–C7. In the latest masterplan, Terminal 1 will have its capacity increased to 18 million passengers per annum. Terminal 1A serves domestic low-cost airlines such as:
Terminal 1B and Terminal 1C are currently under renovation. The renovation work is targeted for completion in 2021. The revitalization project is expected to double the number of passengers at both terminals to 36 million a year.
Terminal 2
Terminal 2 is the second terminal built, and was opened in 1991. It is located on the north-western side of the airport, opposite Terminal 1. Like Terminal 1, it has three sub-terminals, labeled as D, E and F, each of which has seven gates, 40 aerobridges and 25 check-in counters. Terminal 2 caters to umrah (minor hajj) flights and was converted into an international low-cost carrier terminal (LCCT) in 2019.[27][28] Domestic Terminal (2D & 2E) is home to:
while the International Terminal (2F) is home to:
- Air Asia
- Batik Air
- Batik Air Malaysia
- Cebu Pacific
- IndiGo
- Indonesia AirAsia
- Jetstar Asia
- Scoot
- Thai AirAsia
- Thai Lion Air
- VietJet Air
Terminal 3
Terminal 3 is the airport's newest and largest terminal. It is used as a base for Garuda Indonesia and Citilink Indonesia and serves as a full-service terminal for both international and domestic flights.
The original Terminal 3 was officially opened for international flights on 15 November 2011, when all Indonesia AirAsia flights started using Terminal 3 as its new base for international, as well as domestic flights. It was built to cater to low-cost carriers. The terminal was located on the north-eastern side of the airport.[30]
On 9 August 2016, a new passenger terminal named 'Terminal 3 Ultimate', was officially opened. The original Terminal 3 was revamped and integrated into the new Terminal 3 Ultimate. It has a floor area of 422,804 m2 (4,551,020 sq ft) and was built to handle 25 million passengers per annum. Unlike Terminal 1 and 2, the Terminal 3 Ultimate architectural style is vastly different, using an eco-friendly contemporary modern design.[31] It is equipped with 10 international gates, 18 domestic gates, 112 check-in counters, 59 aerobridges and 10 bus gates.[32][33]
In 2018, the terminal's west pier (Pier 1) was extended. 8 new aerobridges were added, with 7 catering to wide-body aircraft and 1 catering to narrow-body aircraft.[34][35]
Terminal 3 is equipped with BHS level 5 to detect bombs, an Airport Security System (ASS) which can control up to 600 CCTVs to detect faces who are available in the security register, an Intelligence Building Management System (IBMS) which can control uses of water and electricity (eco-green), rainwater system to produce clean water from rain, a recycled water system to produce toilet water from used toilet water, and illumination technology control to illuminate the terminal depending on the weather surrounding the terminal.[36] Terminal 3 will be able to serve 60 airplanes from the current 40 airplanes.[37] Soekarno Hatta Airport Domestic Terminal 3 is home to:
Soekarno Hatta Airport International Terminal 3 is home to:
- Air China
- Air Macau
- All Nippon Airways
- Asiana Airlines
- Cathay Pacific
- China Airlines
- China Eastern Airlines
- China Southern Airlines
- Citilink
- EgyptAir
- Emirates
- Ethiopian Airlines
- Etihad Airways
- Eva Air
- Garuda Indonesia
- Japan Airlines
- KLM
- Korean Air
- Malaysia Airlines
- Oman Air
- Philippine Airlines
- Qantas
- Qatar Airways
- Royal Brunei Airlines
- Saudia
- Shandong Airlines
- Sichuan Airlines
- Singapore Airlines
- SriLankan Airlines
- Sriwijaya Air
- Thai Airways International
- TransNusa
- Turkish Airlines
- Uzbekistan Airways
- Vietnam Airlines
- XiamenAir
Terminal 4
Angkasa Pura II has undertaken a plan to build Terminal 4, which will be located on the north side of runway 1,[38][39] north of Terminal 3, and east of Terminal 1. Terminal 4 will be built at the 4th stage as part of the development of the airport. The terminal will be built on 130 hectares of land, which will be able to serve 45 million passengers annually.[40] The terminal will be designed in the form of an 'H' and use eco-friendly and modern design, similar to the design of Terminal 3. The terminal was expected to be operational by 2024, but as of December 2023, construction has yet to commence.
Freight terminal
The freight terminal is located on the east side of terminal 1. This terminal was used to handle cargo at the Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, both domestic and international cargo. In the latest master plan, the freight terminal will move to the west side of terminal 2 and have a larger capacity.
Navigation aids
Runway 07L/25R and 07R/25L are equipped with Instrument Landing System (ILS). The runways are also equipped with VOR/DME.