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Pakenham railway line
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This article is about the Metro Trains Melbourne service. For the physical railway itself, see Gippsland railway line.

Pakenham
Railways in Melbourne
A High Capacity Metro Train at Carnegie station in Melbourne.
A city-bound High Capacity Metro Train at Carnegie station.
Overview
Service typeCommuter rail
SystemMelbourne railway network
StatusOperational
LocaleMelbourne, Victoria, Australia
Predecessor
  • Princes Bridge – Richmond (1859–1860)
  • Princes Bridge – South Yarra (1860–1879)
  • Oakleigh – Pakenham (1877–1879)
  • Dandenong ^ (1922–1954)
^ are electric services
First service8 October 1877; 146 years ago (1877-10-08) as South Gippsland line
Current operator(s)Metro Trains
Former operator(s)
Route
TerminiFlinders Street
East Pakenham
Stops28 (including City Loop stations)
Distance travelled63.368 km (39.375 mi)
Average journey time1 hour 13 minutes (not via City Loop)
Service frequency
  • 5–10 minutes weekdays peak
  • 20 minutes weekdays off-peak and weekend daytime
  • 20–30 minutes weekend nights
  • 60 minutes early weekend mornings
  • Double frequency daytime between Flinders Street and Dandenong in combination with Cranbourne line
Line(s) usedOrbost
Technical
Rolling stockHCMT
Track gauge1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)
Electrification1500 V DC overhead
Track owner(s)VicTrack

The Pakenham line is a commuter railway line on the Melbourne metropolitan railway network serving the city of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia. Operated by Metro Trains Melbourne, the line is coloured light blue and is one of the two lines that constitute the Caulfield group. It is the city's longest metropolitan railway line at 57 kilometres (35 mi). The line runs from Flinders Street station in central Melbourne to East Pakenham station in the south-east, serving 27 stations via South Yarra, Caulfield, Oakleigh, and Dandenong.[1]

The line operates for approximately 20 hours a day (from approximately 4:00 am to around midnight) with 24 hour service available on Friday and Saturday nights. During peak hour, headways of up to 5 to 10 minutes are operated with services every 20 minutes during off-peak hours.[2] Trains on the Pakenham line run with a seven-car formation operated by High Capacity Metro Trains.[3]

Sections of the Pakenham line opened as early as 1859, with the line fully extended to Pakenham in October 1877. A limited number of stations were first opened, with infill stations progressively opened between 1879 and 2012.[4] The line was built to connect Melbourne with the rural towns of Caulfield, Oakleigh, and Dandenong, amongst others. Significant growth has occurred since opening, with an extension to open on the Pakenham line one stop east to a new station in Pakenham East as part of the Level Crossing Removal Project.[5] This extension opened on 3 June 2024.[5][6]

Since the 2010s, due to the heavily utilised infrastructure of the Pakenham line, significant improvements and upgrades have been made. A $15 billion upgrade of the corridor included the replacement of sleepers, the introduction of new signalling technology, the introduction of new rolling stock, the removal of all level crossings, and works associated with the Metro Tunnel project. These projects have improved the quality and safety of the line[7] and will be completed by the opening of the Metro Tunnel in 2025.[8]

History

19th century

In 1877, the Pakenham line began operations from Oakleigh to Bunyip, as part of the main line to Gippsland.[9] The section from Oakleigh to Flinders Street station was connected at South Yarra in April 1879.[10] In 1877, the Pakenham line began operations from Oakleigh to Bunyip, as part of the single-tracked main line to Gippsland, with an extension of the duplicated section of the line opening in 1881 to Caulfield, Oakleigh in 1883, and Dandenong in 1891.[9] In 1883 the line between Richmond station and South Yarra was quadrupled to accommodate an increase in train services due to the opening of Frankston and Sandringham lines.[11]

In 1885, a number of level crossing removal works occurred between Flinders Street station and South Yarra due to an increase in freight and passenger operations.[12] These crossings were removed through a combination of lowering and raising the corridor.[12]

20th century

4 tracks heading towards the city with signalling and electrical equipment shown.
A section of the quad-tracked corridor built in 1915 between Richmond and Caulfield stations.

In 1915, the line between South Yarra and Caulfield was quadrupled, as part of level crossing removal works. This section of the line was lowered into a cutting to eliminate numerous level crossings.[12] Power signalling was provided between Richmond and Hawksburn at the same time, then on to Caulfield in 1921.[13]

Electrification of the line to Dandenong occurred in two stages during 1922. In May 1922, the section from South Yarra to Oakleigh station was electrified, with the section to Dandenong being electrified later in December 1922.[14][15] The electrification of the line allowed for the introduction of Swing Door electric multiple unit trains for the first time.[14][16]

Power signalling was extended to Carnegie in 1933, Oakleigh in 1940, and to Dandenong in stages between 1970 and 1972.[13]

The line between Dandenong, Pakenham and Traralgon was electrified in 1954. Initially single track, duplication of the line between Dandenong, Pakenham and Nar Nar Goon was completed in 1955 and 1956.[13] Suburban services were extended beyond Dandenong to Pakenham in January 1975.[17] Previously, the stations between Dandenong and Pakenham were only served by regional passenger trains connecting Gippsland to Melbourne.[18]

In 1981, Pakenham line services commenced operations through the City Loop, after previously terminating at Flinders or Spencer Street stations.[19] The commencement of operations involved the service stopping at three new stations—Parliament, Melbourne Central (formally Museum), and Flagstaff.[20] The Loop follows La Trobe and Spring Streets along the northern and eastern edges of the Hoddle Grid.[21] The Loop connects with Melbourne's two busiest stations, Flinders Street and Southern Cross, via the elevated Flinders Street Viaduct.[21] From 2025, the Pakenham line will no longer operate through the City Loop, instead operating via the north-south Metro Tunnel corridor.[8]

21st century

Main article: Pakenham railway line § Future
A train arriving at the new illuminated platforms at Cardinia Road station in the early morning
A Comeng train arriving at Cardinia Road station in 2012.

In 2002, after the closure of the nearby General Motors factory in 1991, General Motors station closed permanently after 46 years of operation.[22] A 2007 restructure of train ticketing in Melbourne involved the removal of Zone 3, with Zone 3 stations being re-classified to Zone 2.[23] This brought the cost of train fares down, improving system accessibility to the public.

The Pakenham line received heavy investment during the 2010s to align with the 2013 PTV Development Plan. A new station at Cardinia Road opened in 2012 situated between Officer and Pakenham stations.[9] This is the first infill station to open on the line since 1927, with an additional station at Pakenham East expected to open in 2024 in conjunction with level crossing removal works.[24] In 2018, the Pakenham East Depot opened for the newly acquired High Capacity Metro Trains. This depot has stabling capacity for 30 seven-car trains with train maintenance, driver training, and washing facilities present onsite.[25]

Announced in 2021, the Pakenham line was extended one stop east to East Pakenham. The extension involved the removal of the Main Street and Racecourse Road level crossings, the elevation of Pakenham station, the construction of a new station at East Pakenham and other associated safety and landscape works.[24] These works were undertaken as part of the Level Crossing Removal Project. The rebuilt Pakenham and East Pakenham opened on 3 June 2024.[24][26]

Route

For information about about the actual track, see Gippsland railway line.