Joint Entrance Examination – Advanced

Acronym	JEE-Advanced
Type	Electronic assessment, Computer based test (CBT)
Developer / administrator	2023: IIT Guwahati 2024: IIT Madras 2025: IIT Kanpur
Knowledge / skills tested	Paper 1: Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics Paper 2: Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics (Both are compulsory)
Purpose	Admission to undergraduate Engineering, Science and Architecture courses in 23 IITs
Year started	1961 (63 years ago) (1961)
Duration	2 Papers of 3 hours each; Total 6 hours a day
Offered	Once a year
Restrictions on attempts	Maximum two attempts in consecutive years
Countries / regions	India
Languages	English and Hindi
Annual number of test takers	180,372 (2023)[1]
Qualification rate	24.26% out of which who wrote JEE-Advanced after qualifying JEE-Main
Website	jeeadv.ac.in

Joint Entrance Examination – Advanced (JEE-Advanced) (formerly the Indian Institute of Technology – Joint Entrance Examination (IIT-JEE)), is an academic examination held annually in India that tests the skills and knowledge of the applicants in physics, chemistry and maths. It is organised by one of the seven zonal IITs (IIT Roorkee, IIT Kharagpur, IIT Delhi, IIT Kanpur, IIT Bombay, IIT Madras, and IIT Guwahati) under the guidance of the Joint Admission Board (JAB) on a round-robin rotation pattern for the qualifying candidates of the JEE-Main (exempted for Foreign Candidates). It used to be the sole prerequisite for admission to the Indian Institutes of Technology bachelor's programs before the introduction of UCEED,^[2] Online B.S.^[3] and Olympiad entries,^[4] but seats through these new media are very low.^[5]

Other universities, such as the Marine Engineering and Research Institute, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy (IIPE), the Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, the Indian Institute of Space Technology (IIST), and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), use the score obtained in the JEE-Advanced exam as the sole basis for admission. The JEE-Advanced score is also used as a possible basis for admission by Indian applicants to non-Indian universities such as the University of Cambridge and the National University of Singapore.^[6][7]

It has been consistently ranked as one of the toughest exams in the world.^[8][9] High school students from across India typically prepare for several years to take this exam, and most of them attending coaching institutes. The high difficulty and low acceptance rate puts extreme pressure on students taking this exam. In a 2018 interview, former IIT Delhi director V. Ramgopal Rao, famously said that the exam is "tricky and difficult" because it is framed to "reject candidates, not to select them".^[10] In 2023, out of the 180,372 candidates who took the exam, 43,773 candidates qualified (36,264 males and 7509 females).^[11]

History

The first institute among IITs, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, started in 1951. In its initial years before 1961, students were admitted based on their academic results, followed by an interview in several locations across the country. From 1955 to 1960, admissions for the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur were conducted via a national examination. Academic disciplines were allotted to the students via interviews and counselling sessions held at Kharagpur.

The IIT-JEE was first conducted in 1961 as Common Entrance Exam (CEE), coinciding with the 1961 IIT Act.^[12]

In 1978, the English paper was not considered when ranking participants' performance in the examination. In 1998, the English test was discontinued.

In 1997, the IIT-JEE was conducted twice after the question paper was leaked in some locations.

Between 2000 and 2005, an additional screening test was used alongside the main examination, intended to reduce pressure on the main examination by allowing only about 20,000 top candidates to appear for the examination, out of more than 450,000 applicants.

In 2002, an additional exam called the AIEEE was introduced, and it was used for admissions to many institutions of national importance other than the IITs.

In June 2005, The Hindu newspaper led a campaign for reforming the IIT-JEE to eradicate the "coaching mania" and to improve gender and socio-economic diversity.^[13][14][15] Two possible solutions were proposed - either a convergence between the screening test and the All India Engineering Entrance Examination (AIEEE), or a two-tier examination. Whereas ranks from the first tier can be used to gain admission to the NITs and other engineering colleges in the country.

In September 2005, the group of directors of all the IITs announced significant revisions to the examination. These were implemented from 2006 onward.^[16] The revised examination consisted of a single objective test, replacing and abolishing the earlier two-test system with screener. In the revised examination, to be eligible for taking it, candidates in the general category had to obtain at least 60% aggregate marks in the 12th-grade examinations organized by various educational boards of India, while candidates belonging to Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Persons With Disabilities (PwD) categories needed a minimum score of 55%.

In 2008, the director and the dean of IIT Madras proposed further revisions to the examination, arguing that the coaching institutes were "enabling many among the less-than-best students to crack the test and keeping girls from qualifying". They expressed concern that the present system did not allow for applicants' 12 years of schooling to have a bearing on admissions into IIT.^[17]

In 2008, the Indian Institutes of Technology began offering their admission tests in Dubai.^[18] Annually, the number of candidates for the examination in Dubai varies between 200 and 220.^[19]

In 2013, the AIEEE was renamed JEE-Main, and IIT-JEE was renamed JEE-Advanced; the JEE-Main had become the screening exam for JEE-Advanced.

The two-tier reform suggested in 2005 may become a reality as the Indian government has announced plans for a single entrance exam for all engineering colleges from 2018, with students aspiring for the IITs having to pass the nationwide standardized engineering entrance exam JEE-Main with high marks, and then take the JEE-Advanced to qualify for the IITs.^[20] In 2018, the JEE-Advanced exam started being conducted online.

Qualifying percentage

Minimum percentage of marks prescribed for inclusion in the rank list^[21]

Category	Minimum percentage of marks in each subject	Minimum percentage of aggregate marks
Common rank list (CRL)	10.0	35.0
OBC-NCL/GEN-EWS	9.0	31.5
ST/SC/PWD	5.0	17.5
Preparatory course for SC/ST/PWD	2.5	8.75

Minimum percentage of aggregate/subject marks may be lowered subsequently considering the toughness of the paper and the need of students.

For example: Minimum percentage of marks prescribed for inclusion in the rank list in 2022^[22]

Category	Minimum percentage of marks in each subject	Minimum percentage of aggregate marks
Common rank list (CRL)	4.17	15.28
OBC-NCL/GEN-EWS	4.17	13.89
ST/SC/PWD	2.50	7.78
Preparatory course for SC/ST/PWD	0.83	3.89

Number of applicants by year^[23]23">edit

Year	Registered	Appeared	Qualified	%Qualified
1961[24]	19,500	-	-	-
1978	29,477	-	-	-
1988	72,298	-	-	-
1990	79,559	-	-	-
1995	92,893	-	-	-
1997	91,279	-	-	-
1998	95,419	-	-	-
1999	112,347	-	-	-
2000	128,624	-	-	-
2001	147,775	-	-	-
2002	178,043	-	-	-
2003	178,940	-	-	-
2004	175,355	-	-	-
2005	198,059	-	-	-
2006	299,087	-	-	-
2007	251,803	243,029	7,200	2.96
2008	321,653	311,258	8,652	2.77
2009	398,264	384,977	10,035	2.60
2010	473,982	455,571	13,104	2.87
2011	485,136	468,280	13,196	2.81
2012	506,484	479,651	24,112	5.02
2013	126,749	115,971	20,834	17.96
2014	126,995	119,580	27,152	22.70
2015	124,741	117,238	26,354	22.47
2016	155,797	147,678	36,566	24.76
2017	171,814	159,540	51,040[25]	31.99
2018	165,656	155,158	31,988	20.62
2019	174,432	161,319	38,705	23.99
2020	160,838	150,838	43,204	28.64
2021	151,193	141,699	41,862	29.54
2022	160,038	155,538	40,712	26.17
2023[26]	189,744	180,372	43,773	24.26

Organizing instituteedit

The JEE – Advanced exam is conducted by the various Indian institutes of technology on a rotating basis. This list shows the organizers of the exam in recent years.

Year	Organizer
2006	IIT Kharagpur
2007	IIT Bombay
2008	IIT Roorkee
2009	IIT Guwahati
2010	IIT Madras
2011	IIT Kanpur[31]
2012	IIT Delhi[32]
2013	IIT Delhi[33]
2014	IIT Kharagpur[34]
2015	IIT Bombay[35]
2016	IIT Guwahati[36]
2017	IIT Madras[37]
2018	IIT Kanpur[38]
2019	IIT Roorkee[39]
2020	IIT Delhi[40]
2021	IIT Kharagpur[41]
2022	IIT Bombay[42]
2023	IIT Guwahati[43]
2024	IIT Madras[44]
2025	IIT Kanpur

Paper patternedit

JEE(Advanced) is conducted in two shifts of three hours each - Paper-1 and Paper-2, both the papers consist questions from three major subjects- Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. Unlike most of the other exams, the type and the number of questions being asked in the paper varies from year to year, with an average of about 36–38 questions asked from each subject across both the shifts, For example, the 2021 JEE-Advanced paper had 38 questions (19 questions in Paper-1 and the next 19 in Paper-2) from each of the three subjects.

Each paper in every subject is divided into 4 sections:

Section	Problem type	Description
1	4 single-correct MCQs	+4 marks for every correct answer 0 marks for unanswered questions -1 mark for every wrong answer
2	3 question stems with 2 questions per stem (numerical answers with two decimal places)	+2 marks for every correct answer 0 marks otherwise
3	6 multi-correct MCQs	+4 marks if (all) the correct option(s) is(are) chosen +3 marks if all the options are correct but only 3 options are chosen +2 marks if 3 or more options are correct but only 2 correct options are chosen +1 mark if 2 or more options are correct but only 1 correct option is chosen 0 marks if unanswered −2 marks if at least 1 incorrect option is chosen
4	3 fill-in-the-blank questions (answers are non-negative integers)	+4 marks for a correct answer 0 marks otherwise

Some previous year papers also included matrix match type questions instead of single-correct multiple choice questions.^[45][46]

Syllabusedit

Since the starting of the examination in 1961, the syllabus majorly consists of topics that are taught in Indian High schools, from the curriculum of Class XI and Class XII. These include topics from Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry (Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry and Physical Chemistry). A recent change in the syllabus was carried out in November 2021, when a revised syllabus was adopted for the exam, this syllabus has been implemented from 2023 onwards. A brief overview of topics asked is listed below.^[47]

Mathematicsedit

Higher Algebra (including certain topics from Linear Algebra), Combinatorics, probability (including topics like conditional probability, Law of total probability, Bayes theorem), Geometry, coordinate system (points and lines, circles, parabolas, ellipses and hyperbolas), Trigonometry (including the inverse trigonometric functions), algebraic functions, exponential functions, logarithmic functions, floor function, fractional part function, signum function, even and odd functions, periodic functions, composite Function, inverse functions, limits, derivative of a function, analysis of continuity and differentiability of a function, derivatives and their applications (tangents and normals to a function, angle between curves, Rolle's theorem, Mean Value Theorem, monotonicity of a function, and maxima and minima of a function), indefinite antiderivative of a function, definite integrals, analysis of area bounded by a curve and its axis, and differential equations.

Physicsedit

General Physics, classical Newtonian Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Acoustics (sound and oscillation), Electromagnetism, Electrostatics, Electrodynamics (Both electricity and magnetism) and electromagnetic waves, Modern Physics (radioactivity, Nuclear Physics, elementary Quantum mechanics), Optics ( Both geometrical optics and wave optics)

Chemistryedit

Physical Chemistryedit

General studies of substance (moles, molarity, redox reactions, etc), atomic structure (with concerned topics of Quantum Mechanics), states of matter, chemical thermodynamics and chemical kinetics, equilibrium chemistry (both chemical equilibrium and ionic equilibrium), Electrochemistry, colligative properties, titrations (including acid-base and redox), Surface Science and Nuclear Chemistry.

Inorganic Chemistryedit

Periodic properties, bonding in chemicals (including the theories of bonding ie Valence bond theory,VSEPR Theory and Molecular orbital theory), coordination compounds and complexes, metallurgy, qualitative inorganic salt analysis, hydrogen, detailed studies of reactions, physical and chemical properties, along with their certain compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, boron family, carbon family, nitrogen family, oxygen family, halogens and noble gases, transition elements (including noble metals), actinides, lanthanides, types of reactions and environmental chemistry.

Organic Chemistryedit

IUPAC nomenclature, general Organic Chemistry (including hybridization, hydrogen bonding, inductive effects, isomerism, resonance, aromaticity, hyperconjugation, mesomerism, carbocations and carbanions, free radical, bond cleavage including heterolysis and homolysis, stereoisomerism including enantiomers and diastereomers), organic reagents, some named reactions, detailed analysis of reaction mechanisms, the compounds and preparation of hydrocarbons, alkyl halides, carbonyl compounds (alcohols, phenols and ethers), aromatic compounds, biomolecules, carbohydrates and polymers, amines, Chemistry in everyday life and practical Organic Chemistry.

Seats^[48]edit

The number of students taking the examination increased substantially each year with 506,484 candidates registered for JEE-Advanced- 2012.^[49] However, with the two stage JEE-Main + JEE-Advanced structure from 2013,^[50] the number of candidates in JEE-Advanced is fixed at 150 thousand students in 2013 and it is increased in subsequent years to 250 thousand as of 2022.^[51] The total seats available in each institute (Seat Matrix) is summarized in table below.^[52]

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