Halton Hills
Town (lower-tier)
Town of Halton Hills
Main Street, Georgetown
Coat of arms Logo
Motto(s):  Hereditas Integritas Veritas (Latin: Heritage, integrity, truth)
Halton Hills Show map of Regional Municipality of Halton Halton Hills Show map of Southern Ontario
Coordinates: 43°37′37″N 079°57′05″W / 43.62694°N 79.95139°W / 43.62694; -79.95139[1]
Country	Canada
Province	Ontario
Region	Halton
Incorporated	1974
Government
• Mayor	Ann Lawlor
• Federal riding	Wellington—Halton Hills
• Prov. riding	Wellington—Halton Hills
Area
• Land	276.26 km2 (106.66 sq mi)
• Urban	39.52 km2 (15.26 sq mi)
• Rural	236.74 km2 (91.41 sq mi)
Highest elevation [2]	411 m (1,348 ft)
Lowest elevation [3]	197 m (646 ft)
Population  (2016)[4]
• Town (lower-tier)	61,161
• Density	221.4/km2 (573/sq mi)
• Urban	49,854
• Urban density	1,300/km2 (3,300/sq mi)
• Rural	9,154
• Rural density	39/km2 (100/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC−05:00 (EST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−04:00 (EDT)
Area code(s)	905, 289, and 365
NTS Map	30M12 Brampton
GNBC Code	FBLIE
Website	www.haltonhills.ca

Halton Hills is a town in the Regional Municipality of Halton, located in the northwestern end of the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada with a population of 62,951 (2021).

There are many natural features within these bounds; they include the Niagara Escarpment, and the Bruce Trail. Many of these local features are protected by the Conservation Halton, Credit Valley Conservation & Grand River Conservation Authority.

Communities

The primary population centres are Georgetown and Acton. Additionally, there are a number of hamlets and rural clusters within the town, including Ashgrove, Ballinafad (straddling the boundary with Erin), Bannockburn, Crewsons Corners (straddling the boundary with Erin, Guelph-Eramosa and Milton), Glen Williams, Henderson's Corners, Hornby, Limehouse, Mansewood, Norval, Scotch Block, Silver Creek, Speyside, Stewarttown, Terra Cotta (straddling the boundary with Caledon), and Wildwood. The area was first settled in the 1820s.

Geography

Esquesing Township, of which the greatest part went to form Halton Hills, was favourably described in 1846:

This is a fine township, containing excellent land, and many good farms, which are generally well cultivated. Wheat of superior quality is grown in this and adjoining townships. The land is mostly rolling.^[5]

The town is bisected by the Niagara Escarpment from southwest to northeast, and a significant portion of the rural area is located within the provincial Greenbelt. Above the Escarpment, a large proportion of the rural area is classified as environmentally sensitive wetlands, and there are several sites that are licensed for aggregate extraction, for which expansion requires detailed environmental assessment.^[6] Below the Escarpment, the rural area is mainly agricultural, with the exception of an industrial area currently being developed between Highway 401 and Steeles Avenue.

The town also forms part of three watersheds:

• to the west of Acton, a small area flows toward the Grand River
• the northern half flows into the Credit River, including the Black Creek^[7] and Silver Creek^[8] tributaries
• the southern half flows into the Sixteen Mile Creek^[9]

The Water Survey of Canada operates two hydrometric monitoring stations in the town, on the Black Creek below Acton,^[10] and at Norval on the Credit River.^[11]

Vegetation

Halton Hills is located in the transition zone between the Huron-Ontario Forest Section of the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest zone to the north and the Niagara Section of the Carolinian forest zone to the south. Both forest zones are part of the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone. The natural vegetation in the Huron-Ontario Section is dominated by mixed wood forests. It is a transitional type between the southern deciduous forests and the northern coniferous forests. The forest communities of the Niagara Section are dominated by broad-leaved trees. Overall, Halton Hills consists predominantly of agricultural lands with scattered woodlands and wetlands. The woodlands are mainly deciduous forest and the wetlands are either cedar swamp or cattail marsh.^[12]

Endangered and threatened species

American ginseng exists in the town, and is protected under the Endangered Species Act, 2007. Butternut trees are also threatened by the butternut canker. The hooded warbler and the Jefferson salamander are also designated as threatened species.

Brook trout had been eliminated from the Black Creek watershed for many years, following the ongoing environmental disaster due to the excessive consumption of faecal mater as well as the trailer park polluting the water in the town of Erin. The trout have not returned, and anglers report that most of the fish have almost entirely disappeared from the area.^[10]

Geology

The physiography^[13] and distribution of surface material^[14] in the Town of Halton Hills are the result of glacial activity which took place in the Late Wisconsinan Substage of the Pleistocene Epoch. This period of time, which lasted from approximately 23,000 to 10,000 years ago, was marked by the repeated advance and melting back of massive, continental ice sheets.

The Niagara Escarpment dominates the physiography of the town and greatly influenced the pattern of glaciation in the region. The Escarpment, formed by erosion over millions of years, is a high relief bedrock scarp which trends to the north through the central part of the town. To the west, on the upper surface of the Escarpment, hummocky morainic ridges deposited by glacial ice form part of the Horseshoe Moraines physiographic region. To the southeast below the Escarpment, is a smooth glacial till plain partially bevelled by lacustrine action, which forms part of the South Slope and Peel Plain physiographic regions.

The Town of Halton Hills is underlain by Ordovician shales of the Queenston Formation east of the Niagara Escarpment, and by Silurian dolomites of the Amabel Formation west of the Escarpment. The escarpment face exposes a complex succession of shales, sandstones, limestones and dolomites of the Clinton and Cataract Groups. Red shales of the Queenston Formation underlie the eastern half of the town and are generally covered by more than 15 m of glacial sediments, predominantly the Halton Till. There are several areas of thin drift cover south of Georgetown.

The quarrying of limestone has been undertaken since the 19th century, and the lime industry was once quite prevalent. In 1886, the Toronto Lime Company had operations in Limehouse and Acton, employing a total of four draw kilns and eleven set kilns, producing common lime and water lime.^[15] At Limehouse, rock from the Clinton formation yielded green and brown shales and blue marl, which were used in the manufacture of mineral paints.^[15]

Small oil and gas deposits have been discovered northwest and south of Acton, and around Hornby. While exploration had occurred as early as 1908,^[16] with oil being discovered in 1912,^[17] significant strikes did not occur until 1954.^[18]

The town is located in an area that is considered to be of low seismic potential, and the largest recent earthquake to take place within its limits was of magnitude 3 on 29 June 1955.^[19] There is a POLARIS seismic monitoring station located just west of Acton.^[20][21]

Climate

Halton Hills has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb).

The Town has two distinct climate zones:^[22]

• Zone 5a - north of the Niagara Escarpment
• Zone 5b - south of the Escarpment

Environment and Climate Change Canada operates one climate monitoring station at Georgetown.

History

Both Georgetown and Acton, as well as the smaller communities in the rural area, have histories which go back about 200 years. Settlement began in the 1820s.^[24]

The hamlet of Hornby was home to the large Brain Brewery, established in 1845;^[25] it was eventually making 5,000 barrels of beer per year with ten employees. The facility closed when Prohibition started in 1916 and did not later reopen.^[26]

Halton Hills was formed in 1974 through the amalgamation of the former Towns of Georgetown and Acton, together with much of the former Esquesing Township, and a small portion of the Town of Oakville lying north of Ontario Highway 401. Originally named the Town of North Halton in the establishing legislation,^[27] provision was made for a name change to be adopted in consequence of a referendum,^[28] and Halton Hills was thus chosen in October 1973:

Result of October 1973 North Halton name referendum^[29][30]

Proposed Name	Votes
	Ward 1	Ward 2	Ward 3	Ward 4	Total
Halton Hills	615	654	1,073	1,608	3,950
Esquesing	403	1,593	560	376	2,932
North Halton	634	393	815	732	2,574
Total	1,652	2,640	2,448	2,716	9,456

On August 1, 2013, Toronto Premium Outlets, the first Premium Outlets Centre in Canada, opened for business on Steeles Avenue at the south end of Halton Hills near the border of Milton, Ontario.^[31][32]

Demographics

Halton Hills

Year	Pop.	±%
1981	35,190	—
1991	36,816	+4.6%
1996	42,390	+15.1%
2001	48,184	+13.7%
2006	55,289	+14.7%
2011	59,008	+6.7%
2016	61,161	+3.6%
2021	62,951	+2.9%

Citizenship and immigration status

Group		2016 Census		2011 Census		2006 Census
		Population	% of total	Population	% of Total	Population	% of Total
Canadian citizen	By birth	50,310	83.6	No data		46,380	84.3
	By naturalization	8,120	13.5			6,845	12.4
Permanent resident		1,630	2.7			1,515	2.8
Non-permanent resident		140	0.2			280	0.5
Total		60,200	100.0			55,020	100.0

In 2021,^[38] Halton Hills was 84.6% white/European, 13.6% visible minorities, and 1.8% Indigenous. The largest visible minority groups were South Asian (5.6%), Black (1.7%), Chinese (1.2%), Filipino (1.0%) and Latin American (1.0%).

80.8% of residents spoke English as their mother tongue. The next most common first languages were Polish (1.7%), Portuguese (1.6%), French (1.5%), Punjabi (1.4%), Croatian (1.2%), Italian (1.0%) and Spanish (1.0%). 2.2% of residents listed both English and a non-official language as mother tongues, while 0.5% listed both English and French.

61.4% of the population were Christian, down from 72.1% in 2011.^[39] 34.3% were Catholic, 16.8% were Protestant, 6.2% were Christian n.o.s, 1.6% were Christian Orthodox and 2.6% belonged to other Christian denominations or Christian-related traditions. 32.2% were non-religious or secular, up from 26.3% in 2011. 6.4% belonged to other religions, up from 1.6% in 2011.The largest non-Christian religions were Islam (2.0%), Sikhism (1.9%), and Hinduism (1.5%).

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Stewarttown,_Ontario
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Mobility over previous five years

Group	2016 Census		2011 Census		2006 Census		2001 Census		1996 Census
	Population	% of total	Population	% of Total	Population	% of Total	Population	% of Total	Population	% of Total
At the same address	38,745	67.8	37,510	68.6	30,270	58.9	25,135	56.4	22,370	57.4
In the same municipality	8,125	14.2	7,460	13.6	8,480	16.5	17,540	39.3	7,175	18.4
In the same province	9,190	16.1	8,625	15.8	11,180	21.7			8,285	21.2
From another province	435	0.8	520	1.0	765	1.5	1,920	4.3	735	1.9
From another country	655	1.1	525	1.0	720	1.4			430