Following its withdrawal from the European Union on 31 January 2020, the United Kingdom began negotiations on several free trade agreements to remove or reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade, both to establish new agreements and to replace previous EU trade agreements. Withdrawal ended 47 years of membership during which all its trading agreements were negotiated by the European Commission on behalf of the bloc. The UK did not actually withdraw from the European Single Market and the European Union Customs Union (and its trade agreements) until 31 December 2020.

These treaties are divided into two types of free trade agreements: continuity agreements and 'new' agreements. Continuity agreements, also named rollover agreements, use of a mutatis mutandis concept in order to quickly replicate the existing EU agreements, only having to call out those minor areas of differentiation. Most continuity treaties were provisionally applied, or through a "bridging mechanism", thus continuity was achieved.^[1] Trade agreements negotiated after Brexit are termed 'new', or enhanced agreements, these agreements have been negotiated from scratch or have been renegotiated to enhance the deal since Brexit.^[2]

As of May 2023^[update], the United Kingdom has 38 active free trade agreements with nations and trade blocs, covering 99 countries and territories.^[3][1] Five of these are 'new' trade agreements, such as with Australia and New Zealand.^[4] The remaining 33 are continuity agreements. Furthermore, the UK has a customs union with its three Crown Dependencies.^[5] The UK has further arrangements covering free trade with its 14 British Overseas Territories.^[6]

In addition, the UK has also reached an agreement to accede to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, which it signed in July 2023 and is expected to join, after the 11 present members ratify, in 2024.^[7]

The United Kingdom has only suspended negotiations for a trade deal on one occasion; the UK suspended negotiations for a post-Brexit Canada Free Trade Agreement on 25 January 2024.^[8]

Competence and ratification

According to UK law the United Kingdom Parliament has the power to pass law in all policy areas.^[9]

The UK's negotiating team will consult with its Strategic Trade Advisory Group throughout the negotiations.^[10]

Ratification

The responsibility for concluding treaties involving the UK lies with the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs. This remains the case even when the negotiation of the treaty is led by another government department.^[11]

The Foreign & Commonwealth Office's legal advisers and Treaty Section:

• must be given the opportunity to comment on the drafts of all treaties under negotiation
• will advise on the form and substance of the treaty, though not substance which is technical and of which the other government department is the expert
• will advise on related matters such as the production of Full Powers and Instruments of Ratification
• will produce original signature copies of treaties and advise on the treaty signing ceremony
• will arrange for the treaty to be published and laid before Parliament
• is responsible for the registration of these treaties with the United Nations, allowing their subsequent publication in the United Nations Treaty Series
• will transfer of the treaties to the National Archives for preservation^[11]

Unless expressly authorised to do so by the United Kingdom government, Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories do not have the authority to contract treaties in their own right. The UK must extend the territorial scope of its ratification of treaties to include them. This may be done either at the time of ratification, or at some later date.^[11]

Active agreements

The following bilateral and plurilateral agreements are currently in effect. Signature and entry into force dates are as listed by the World Trade Organization.^[3]

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Free_trade_agreements_of_the_United_Kingdom
Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.

---



---

www.astronomia.sk | www.biologia.sk | www.botanika.sk | www.dejiny.sk | www.economy.sk | www.elektrotechnika.sk | www.estetika.sk | www.farmakologia.sk | www.filozofia.sk | Fyzika | www.futurologia.sk | www.genetika.sk | www.chemia.sk | www.lingvistika.sk | www.politologia.sk | www.psychologia.sk | www.sexuologia.sk | www.sociologia.sk | www.veda.sk I www.zoologia.sk

---

Nation(s)	No. of nations represented	Signed	Effective	Coverage	Treaty	Mechanism[1]	Trade value (2023)[1][12]	Ref.
Albania	1	5 February 2021	3 May 2021	Goods & Services	Continuity	Full ratification	£362m	[13][14]
Andean Countries Colombia[a] Ecuador Peru	3	15 May 2019	1 January 2021	Goods & Services	Continuity	Full ratification	£4,051m	[16][17]
Australia	1	16 December 2021	31 May 2023	Goods & Services	New	Full ratification	£20,036m	[18][19]
Cameroon	1	28 December 2020	1 January 2021	Goods	Continuity	Full ratification	£1,029m	[20][21]
Canada	1	22 December 2020	1 January 2021	Goods & Services[b]	Continuity	Full ratification	£26,287m	[23][24]
CARIFORUM Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Dominica Dominican Republic Grenada Guyana Jamaica Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname[c] Trinidad and Tobago	14	22 March 2019[d]	1 January 2021	Goods & Services	Continuity	Provisional application	£5,537m	[27][28]
Central America Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Panama	6	18 July 2019	1 January 2021	Goods & Services	Continuity	Full ratification	£2,478m	[29][30]
Chile	1	30 January 2019	1 January 2021	Goods & Services	Continuity	Full ratification	£1,804m	[31][32]
Eastern and Southern Africa Mauritius Seychelles Zimbabwe	3	31 January 2019	1 January 2021	Goods	Continuity	Full ratification	£2,027m	[33][34]
Egypt	1	5 December 2020	1 January 2021	Goods	Continuity	Full ratification	£4,659m	[35][36]
European Union 27 members  Akrotiri and Dhekelia[e]  Andorra[f]  Austria  Belgium  Bulgaria  Croatia  Cyprus  Czech Republic  Denmark  Estonia  Finland  France  Germany  Greece  Hungary  Ireland  Italy  Latvia  Lithuania  Luxembourg  Malta  Monaco[g]  Netherlands  Poland  Portugal  Romania  San Marino[h]  Slovakia  Slovenia  Spain  Sweden	31[i]	30 December 2020	1 January 2021	Goods & Services	New	Full ratification	£823,100m	[37][38]
Faroe Islands	1	31 January 2019	1 January 2021	Goods	Continuity	Full ratification	£1,108m	[39][40]
Georgia	1	21 October 2019	1 January 2021	Goods & Services	Continuity	Full ratification	£500m	[41][42]
Ghana	1	2 March 2021	5 March 2021	Goods	Continuity	Provisional application	£1,188m	[43][44]
Iceland Liechtenstein[j] Norway	3	8 July 2021	1 December 2021	Goods & Services	New	Provisional application	£41,537m[k]	[45][46]
Israel	1	18 February 2019	1 January 2021	Goods	Continuity	Full ratification	£6,137m	[47][48]
Ivory Coast	1	15 October 2020	1 January 2021	Goods	Continuity	Full ratification	£841m	[49][50]
Japan	1	23 October 2020	1 January 2021	Goods & Services	New	Full ratification	£27,575m	[51][52]
Jordan	1	5 November 2019	1 May 2021	Goods	Continuity	Full ratification	£1,313m	[53][54]
Kenya	1	8 December 2020	1 January 2021	Goods	Continuity	Full ratification	£1,427m	[55][56]
Kosovo	1	3 December 2019	1 January 2021	Goods	Continuity	Full ratification	£12m	[57][40]
Lebanon	1	19 September 2019	1 January 2021	Goods	Continuity	Full ratification	£1,131m	[58][59]
Liechtenstein[l] Switzerland	2	11 February 2019	1 January 2021	Goods	Continuity	Full ratification	£50,817m[m]	[61][62]
Mexico	1	15 December 2020	1 June 2021	Goods & Services	Continuity	Full ratification	£6,599m	[63][64]
Moldova	1	24 December 2020	1 January 2021	Goods & Services	Continuity	Full ratification	£1,478m	[65][66]
Morocco	1	26 October 2019	1 January 2021	Goods	Continuity	Provisional application	£3,524m	[67][68]
New Zealand	1	28 February 2022	31 May 2023	Goods & Services	New	Full ratification	£3,100m	[69][70]
North Macedonia	1	3 December 2020	1 January 2021	Goods & Services	Continuity	Provisional application	£2,507m	[71][72]
Pacific States Fiji Papua New Guinea Samoa[n] Solomon Islands[o]	4	14 March 2019	1 January 2021	Goods	Continuity	Provisional application	£390m	[75][76]
Palestinian Authority	1	18 February 2019	1 January 2021	Goods	Continuity	Full ratification	£38m	[77][78]
Serbia	1	16 April 2021	20 May 2021	Goods & Services	Continuity	Full ratification	£1,018m	[79][80]
Singapore	1	10 December 2020	1 January 2021	Goods & Services	Continuity[p]	Full ratification	£22,327m	[83][84]
South Korea	1	22 August 2019	1 January 2021	Goods & Services	Continuity	Full ratification	£16,331m	[85][86]
Southern Africa Customs Union and Mozambique Botswana Eswatini Lesotho Mozambique Namibia South Africa	6	9 October 2019[q]	1 January 2021	Goods