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| Full name | Club Atlético Peñarol | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nickname(s) | Decano Manyas Aurinegros Carboneros Mirasoles | |||
| Founded | 28 September 1891[note 1] | |||
| Ground | Estadio Campeón del Siglo | |||
| Capacity | 40,000 | |||
| Chairman | Juan Ignacio Ruglio | |||
| Manager | Diego Aguirre | |||
| League | Primera División | |||
| 2023 | Primera División, 2nd of 16 | |||
| Website | Club website | |||
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| Active sport sections of Club Atlético Peñarol | ||||||||||||
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Club Atlético Peñarol (Spanish pronunciation: [kluβ aˈtletiko peɲaˈɾol] ; English: Peñarol Athletic Club), more commonly referred to as Peñarol and also known as Carboneros, Aurinegros, and (familiarly) Manyas, is a Uruguayan sports club based in Montevideo. The name "Peñarol" comes from the Peñarol neighbourhood on the outskirts of Montevideo.[2] Throughout its history the club has also participated in other sports, such as basketball[3] and cycling.[4] Its focus has always been on football, a sport in which the club excels,[5] having never been relegated from the top division. The club traditionally plays in yellow and black-striped shirts.
In international competition, Peñarol is the third-highest Copa Libertadores winner with five victories[6] and shares the record for Intercontinental Cup victories with three.[7] In September 2009, the club was chosen as the South American Club of the Century by the IFFHS .[5]
Apart from men's football, other active sports sections of Peñarol are rugby union, futsal, women's football, and athletics.[8]
History
Origins
On 28 September 1891, employees of the Central Uruguay Railway Company established the Central Uruguay Railway Cricket Club (CURCC) of Montevideo, with the purpose of stimulating the practice of cricket, rugby football and "other male sports" (literal from the Spanish).[citation needed]
The Central Uruguay Railway company had operated in Uruguay since 1878,[2] with 118 employees, 72 British, 45 Uruguayan and one German.[9] The club was known as CURCC in the neighborhood of Peñarol—the latter from the Peñarol neighborhood, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Montevideo,[2] whose name in turn derived from an Italian city. The club's first president was Frank Henderson, who remained in that position until 1899.[10]
In 1892, the CURCC shifted its focus from cricket and rugby to association football.[11] The football club's first game was against a team of students from the English high school and ended with a 2–0 victory.[9] In 1895, Uruguayan footballer Julio Negrón was chosen as the team's first non-British captain.[12]
First titles
In 1900 the CURCC was one of four charter members of the Uruguay Association Football League,[13] making its debut in official competition on 10 June against Albion and winning 2–1.[14] The club won its first Uruguayan championship that year, repeating in 1901, 1905 and 1907. In 1906 Charles W. Bayne took over the railroad, and refused to sponsor the football team due to financial and work issues. Conflict between the company and the football club led to the severance of their relationship in 1913.[15]
In 1908, the club left the Uruguayan league after the league rejected their request to replay a game with F.C. Dublín. CURCC had lost 2–3 on the road, and believed their poor showing was due to refereeing mistakes caused by pressure from rabid home fans. As a sign of good faith, Nacional also retired from the league, since both teams agreed that "Los Partidos se ganan en la Cancha", or "matches are won on the pitch".[13] Back in competition the following year, relations between the CUR and the club became frostier after fans burned a train car used for rival teams.
A year after the club's 1911 Uruguayan championship, the club attempted reforms to its policies. Proposals included greater participation by non-CUR players and a name change to "CURCC Peñarol". In June 1913, the proposals were rejected; the company wanted to distance itself from the club's local reputation. The railroad company, decided to separate the " foot-ball " section of the team from the company on Saturday 13 December 1913. That is when Peñarol was founded. The following day it was the first time a " Clasico " was officially played between Nacional and Peñarol.[16]
CURCC kept playing football in the amateurism until it was dissolved on 22 January 1915 and donated all their trophies to the British Hospital of Montevideo, not to Peñarol.
C.A. Peñarol
On 12 March 1914, Peñarol replaced CURCC's spot in the Uruguayan Football League after its foundation in 1913. A request submitted to the Uruguayan Football League two days later and approved the following day.[9] During its first years Peñarol was not successful, although a new stadium (Las Acacias) opened on 19 May 1916.[17] The club won its first two league titles in 1918 and 1920.
In November 1922 the Asociación Uruguaya de Fútbol (AUF) disqualified Peñarol because the club played an exhibition game with Racing, an Argentine club affiliated with Asociación Amateurs de Football (a dissident association established in 1919 that rivalized with the official entity, AFA).[18] Peñarol and other clubs then organised a new league, the Uruguayan Football Federation (FUF), and the club won the 1924 championship.[18] The league was short-lived; Peñarol won the 1926 Copa del Consejo Provisorio, triggering a merger between the AUF and the FUF.[19]
First European tour
 | This section needs additional citations for verification. (September 2020) |
In 1927, Peñarol made its first tour to Europe, playing a total of 19 matches against teams from Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Spain, Czechoslovakia and France. The tour extended from April to June. The first match of the tour was vs. the Vienna combined, which Peñarol lost by 3–1. The Uruguayan team then played Bayern Munich (1–2), SpVgg (1–2), Hertha BSC (Berlin) (0–1). The first win was v. Eintracht Frankfurt (3–1). The lineup for that match was Luis Biscardi, Demis D’Agosto, José Benincasa, Pascual Ruotta, Gildeón Silva, Antonio Aguerre, Ladislao Pérez, Antonio Sacco, Pablo Terevinto, Peregrín Anselmo, Antonio Campolo. Goals were scored by Suffiotti (2) and Ruotta. The tour continued in Switzerland, v. Young Fellows (1–0), Rapid Vienna (0–5), then facing Sparta Prague (losing by 1–0).
On 5 June, Peñarol played its first game in Spain v. FC Barcelona, losing by 1–5. The second test was played one day later, finishing in a tie (1–1). Other notable games of the tour were the two tests v. Atlético Madrid (5–2 and 4–3).
Peñarol played a total of 19 matches in 80 days (6 in Spain, 5 in Germany, 4 in Switzerland and 1 in Czechoslovakia and France), totalizing 7 wins, 4 draws and 8 losses. The team scored 32 goals and received 33, with Antonio Sacco being the topscorer with 9 goals.[20]
After its first European tour in 1927, Peñarol won the Uruguayan championship in 1928 and 1929; the following year, the club defeated Olimpia 1–0 in its first game at the Centenario Stadium in Montevideo.
Consolidation
In 1932, Peñarol and River Plate played the first game of the professional era. Peñarol won the first Uruguayan professional championship with 40 points, five more than runners-up Rampla Juniors.[21] After placing second in 1933 and 1934, the club won four consecutive league tournaments between 1935 and 1938; they also won the 1936 Torneo Competencia.
The club stayed in second place until 1944, when Peñarol again won the Uruguayan Championship (defeating Nacional in a two-game final, 0–0 and 3–2).[22] In 1945 the club retained the title, with Nicolás Falero and Raúl Schiaffino the top goal scorers of the playoffs with 21 apiece.[23] Peñarol was again victorious in 1949, four points ahead of runner-up Nacional with Óscar Míguez the top scorer.[24]
After placing second in 1950, Peñarol won the Uruguayan Championship the following year;[25] this was also the start of the Palacio Peñarol's four-year construction. During the 1950s, the club also won national championships in 1953,[26] 1954,[27] 1958[28] and 1959.[29]
International success
Their 1959 championship qualified Peñarol for the recently created Copa Libertadores, an international competition then known as the Copa de Campeones de América. Peñarol won the first two tournaments, beating Olimpia of Paraguay in 1960[30] and Palmeiras of Brasil in 1961.[31] That year the club won its first Intercontinental Cup, defeating Benfica of Portugal 2–1 in the third game.[32] Peñarol won three more league titles (1960, 1961 and 1962), for five consecutive championships. Béla Guttmann coached the team in 1962.[33][34]
After a quiet year in 1963, Peñarol won the Uruguayan Championship in 1964 and 1965 and the Copa Libertadores in 1966, defeating River Plate 4–2.[35] That year the club won its second Intercontinental Cup, defeating Real Madrid 2–0 in Centenario Stadium and Santiago Bernabéu.[36] During the next few years the club won national championships in 1967 and 1968 and the Intercontinental Champions' Supercup in 1969 (a tournament with South American Intercontinental Cup winners). Peñarol had the longest undefeated run in Uruguayan league history: 56 games, from 3 September 1966 to 14 September 1968.[37] Copa Libertadores all-time top scorer Alberto Spencer played for Peñarol at this time.[citation needed]
In 1970 the club again reached the Libertadores final again, losing to Estudiantes de La Plata. The club set a tournament record for greatest goal difference, defeating Valencia of Venezuela 11–2. With Fernando Morena as the team's star, the club won the Uruguayan championship for three consecutive years, from 1973 to 1975. After placing second in 1976 and 1977, Peñarol won again in 1978. That year, Morena set two records: most goals scored in a Uruguayan season (36)[38] and most goals scored in a single game (seven, against Huracán Buceo on 16 July).[39] The 1970s ended with another championship in 1979. Morena was top scorer in the Uruguayan tournament six straight times, and top Copa Libertadores scorer in 1974 and 1975.
After beginning the 1980s with a third-place finish in 1981, Peñarol won the Uruguayan Championship with Fernando Morena and Rubén Paz (the tournament's top scorer). The next season the club again won the Copa Libertadores, defeating Cobreloa of Chile 1–0 on a goal from Fernando Morena[40] (the tournament's top scorer with seven goals) in the game's final minutes. Later that year the club won the Uruguayan championship and its third Intercontinental Cup, defeating Aston Villa 2–0.[41]
Despite financial problems during the 1980s, Peñarol won the national championship in 1985 and 1986, and a fifth Copa Libertadores in 1987. The club defeated América de Cali 1–0 with a goal by Diego Aguirre in the final seconds of extra time, when a tie would have gone to the Colombians on the goal differential.[42] It was the third Copa Libertadores won by Peñarol at the Nacional de Chile, following victories in 1966 and 1982.[citation needed]
Peñarol celebrated its hundredth anniversary in 1991, despite a controversy ignited by archrivals Nacional concerning Peñarol's 1913 name change. With Pablo Bengoechea and the young Antonio Pacheco on the team and Gregorio Pérez behind the bench, Peñarol again won the Uruguayan championship five straight times (1993–97).[43] The club also reached the Copa Conmebol final in 1994 and 1995, rounding out the century with a national championship in 1999 (defeating Nacional 2–1 in the final, despite Julio Ribas on the bench).[citation needed]
The next year, Peñarol lost the Uruguayan championship final against Nacional; many of the team's players were jailed after a tournament fight.[44] Peñarol won the national championship again in 2003 for Diego Aguirre, defeating Nacional in the final. The club did not win another national title until the 2009–10 season, when it won the Clausura tournament with 14 victories in 15 games (12 of them in a row). In the Clausura final, Peñarol defeated Nacional 2–1. The championship qualified the team for the Libertadores 2011, where Peñarol reached the final with Santos.[45]
The club was congratulated on its 120th anniversary in September 2011 by presidents Joseph Blatter, Michel Platini,[46] and Nicolás Leoz.[47]
Crest and colors
Badge
Throughout the club's history minor changes have been made to its symbols, but it has kept its original colors. The shield and flag were designed by architect Constante Facello and consist of five black stripes, four yellow stripes and eleven yellow stars on a black background (representing the eleven players).[48]
Uniforms
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Since its founding, Peñarol's colors have been yellow and black. They were inspired by the Rocket locomotive designed by George Stephenson, which won an award in 1829.[10]
The first jersey was a plain shirt, divided into four square sections which alternated black and yellow.[49] A variant had two vertical halves (black on the right and black-and-yellow stripes on the left), with black shorts and socks. Peñarol's official jersey (black and yellow stripes) dates back to 1911[50] and has been worn almost continuously, with only slight variations.[51]
Inspiration for Romanian club FC Brașov
Peñarol inspired Romanian club FC Brașov to change its official colors in December 1966 from white and blue to yellow and black. The change came following a tournament of Romania's Olympic football team in Uruguay. After a match with Peñarol, Csaba Györffy, player at FC Brașov, received from Peñarol's captain Alberto Spencer the shirt with which he played. Györffy was fascinated by the combination of yellow and black stripes and decided at the return in the country to wear the shirt during his training sessions with the team. The decision to change the colors of the club was taken by coach Silviu Ploeşteanu, who considered that, in the new colors, the team will be seen better on the field. Since January 1967, the team from Brașov has yellow-black as official colors, recalling Peñarol.[52]
Kit evolution
      CURCC 1891–96 [note2 1] |
  CURCC 1896-1911 [note2 2] |
   CURCC/Peñarol 1911–present |
