Al-Kharaqī

Abū Muḥammad 'Abd al-Jabbār al-Kharaqī, also Al-Kharaqī (1084-1158^[1]) was a Persian^[2] astronomer and mathematician of the 12th century, born in Kharaq near Merv.^[3] He was in the service of Sultan Sanjar at the Persian Court. Al-Kharaqī challenged the astronomical theory of Ptolemy in the Almagest, and established an alternative theory of the spheres, imagining huge material spheres in which the planets moved inside tubes.^[3]

During his travels to the Ottoman Empire in 1536, Guillaume Postel acquired an astronomical work by al-Kharaqī, Muntahā al-idrāk fī taqāsīm al-aflāk ("The Ultimate Grassp of the Divisions of Spheres"), annotated it, and brought it back to Europe.^[4]

Al-Kharaqī also wrote mathematical treatises, now lost, Al-Risala al-Shāmila ("Comprehensive Treatise") and Al-Risala al-Maghribiyya ("The North African Treatise", related to the calculus of dirham and dinar).^[3]

Works

Muntahā al-idrāk fī taqāsīm al-aflāk ("The Ultimate Grassp of the Divisions of Spheres") 1138/9
Al-Risala al-Shāmila ("Comprehensive Treatise")
Al-Risala al-Maghribiyya ("The North African Treatise")

Notes

^ Akpınar, Cemil (1997). "HARAKĪ". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Vol. 16. İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı. pp. 94–96.
^ Selin, Helaine (2008). Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures. Berlin New York: Springer. p. 134. ISBN 9781402049606. Abū Muh.ammad ˓Abd al-Jabbār ibn ˓Abd al-Jabbār al-Kharaqī was a Persian astronomer, mathematician and geographer.
^ ^a ^b ^c Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine, ed. Helaine Selin, p.478
^ Islamic science and the making of European Renaissance, by George Saliba, p.218 ISBN 978-0-262-19557-7

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[TDV-1] Akpınar, Cemil (1997). "HARAKĪ". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Vol. 16. İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı. pp. 94–96.

[2] Selin, Helaine (2008). Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures. Berlin New York: Springer. p. 134. ISBN 9781402049606. Abū Muh.ammad ˓Abd al-Jabbār ibn ˓Abd al-Jabbār al-Kharaqī was a Persian astronomer, mathematician and geographer.

[Selin-3] Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine, ed. Helaine Selin, p.478

[4] Islamic science and the making of European Renaissance, by George Saliba, p.218 ISBN 978-0-262-19557-7

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