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This is a list of Arabic star names. In Western astronomy, most of the accepted star names are Arabic, a few are Greek and some are of unknown origin. Typically only bright stars have names.[1]
History of Arabic star names
Very old star names originated among people who lived in the Arabian Peninsula more than a thousand years ago, after the rise of Islam.[2] However, some Arabic language star names sprang up later in history, as translations of ancient Greek language descriptions.
The astronomer Claudius Ptolemy in his Almagest (2nd century) tabulated the celestial position and brightness (visual magnitude) of 1,025 stars. Ptolemy's book was translated into Arabic in the 8th and 9th centuries and became famous in Europe as a 12th-century Latin translation. Many of the Arabic-language star descriptions in the Almagest came to be widely used as names for stars.
Ptolemy used a strategy of "figure reference" to identify stars according to their position within a familiar constellation or asterism (e.g., "in the right shoulder of The Hunter"). Muslim astronomers adopted some of these as proper names for stars, and added names from traditional Arabic star lore, which they recorded in various Zij treatises. The most notable of these is the Book of Fixed Stars written by the Muslim astronomer Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (known as Azophi in the West), who thoroughly illustrated all the stars known to him along with their observations, descriptions, positions, magnitudes, brightness, and color.
In Europe, during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, many ancient star names were copied or translated incorrectly by various writers, some of whom did not know the Arabic language very well. As a result, the history of a star's name can be complicated.[3]
In 2016, the IAU designated official star names to resolve the difficulty of using different naming systems.[4] Many stars were given the commonly used Arabic name.
List
A
| Common name | Arabic name (transliteration) | Meaning | Arabic name | Arabic name (vowels) | Scientific star name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acamar | Ākhiru-n-Nahr | the River's or Stream's End / Tail / Edge / Border | آخر النهر | آخِرُ ٱلْنََهْر | Theta Eridani |
| Achernar | Ākhiru-n-Nahr | the River's or Stream's End / Tail / Edge / Border | آخر النهر | آخِرُ ٱلْنََهْر | Alpha Eridani |
| Acrab | ʽAqrab | the Scorpion | عقرب | عَقْرَب | Beta Scorpii |
| Acubens | ʼaz-Zubānā | the Claw / Dart / Sting | الزبانى | الْزُّبَانَى | Alpha Cancri |
| Adhafera | aḍ-Ḍafiyrah | the Braid / Curl / Strand (of the lion's mane) | الضفيرة | الْضَّفِيرَة | Zeta Leonis |
| Adhara | al-ʽAdhārā | the Virgin / Nymph | العذارى | الْعَذَارَى | |
| Adhil | adh-Dhayl | the Tail / Annex | الذيل | الْذَيْل | Xi Andromedae |
| Adib | adh-Dhiʼb | the Wolf | الذئب | الْذِّئْب | Alpha Draconis, "Thuban" |
| Ain | ʽAyn | the Eye (of the bull) | عين | عَيْن | Epsilon Tauri |
| Aladfar | al-ʼUẓfūr | the Talons (of the Swooping Eagle) | الأظفر | أُظْفُور | Eta Lyrae |
| Alawaid | al-ʽAwāʼidh | the Protecting Mother Camels; the Old Camels; "the Four" | الربع, العوائذ | الْرُّبَع, الْعَوَائِذ | Gamma Draconis, Xi Draconis, Nu Draconis, Beta Draconis |
| al-ʽAwwād | the Lutanist / Lute Player | العواد | الْعَوَّاد | ||
| Albali | al-Bāliʽ | the Swallower | البالع | البَالِع | Epsilon Aquarii |
| Alchibah | al-Khibāʼ | the Tent [failed verification] | الخباء | الخِبَاء | Alpha Corvi |
| Alcor | al-Suha | the Faint One | سها | سها | |
| Aldebaran | ad-Dabarān | the Follower (of the Pleiades) | الدبران | اَلدَّبَرَان | Alpha Tauri |
| Alderamin | adh-Dhirāʽu l-Yamīn | the Right Arm (of Cepheus) | الذراع اليمين | الذّراع اليَمِين | Alpha Cephei |
| Aldhibah | ʼaḍ-Ḍibaāʽ , ʼaḍ-Ḍibāʽ |
the Hyenas | الضباع | الْضِّبَاع | Zeta Draconis |
| Aldhibain | ʼadh-Dhiʼbayn | the Two Hyenas / Wolves | الذئبين | الْذِّئْبَيْن | Zeta Draconis (Aldhibah), Eta Draconis |
| Aldulfin | Al Dhanab al Dulfīm | the Dolphin's Tail | الذنب الدلفين | الذَّنَبُ الدُّلْفِين | Epsilon Delphini |
| Alfirk | al-Firqah | the Flock of sheep | الفرقة | الفِرْقَة | Beta Cephei |
| Algebar | (Rijl) ul-Jabbār | (Foot of) the Giant | رجل الجبار | رَجْلَ الجَبَّار | Beta Orionis, "Rigel" |
| Algedi | al-Jady | the Goat | الجدي | الجَدْي | Alpha2 Capricorni |
| Algenib | al-Janb | the Flank (of Pegasus) | الجنب | الجَنْب | Gamma Pegasi |
| Algieba | al-Jab'hah | the Forehead (of the Lion) | الجبهة | الجَبْهَة | Gamma Leonis |
| Algol | (Ra'as) al-Ghūl | (Head of) the Ghoul | رأس الغول | رَأسَ الغُول | Beta Persei, the "Demon Star" |
| Algorab | al-Ghurāb | the Crow | الغراب | الغُرَاب | Delta Corvi |
| Alhena | al-Hanʽah | the Brand (on the neck of the camel) | الهنعة | الهَنْعَة | Gamma Geminorum, "Almeisan" |
| Alioth | Al-Jawn | The black horse "John" | الجون | الجَوْن | Epsilon Ursae Majoris |
| Alkaid | al-Qā'id (banāt naʽash) | the Leader (of the mourning maidens) | القائد بنات نعش | القائِد بَنات نَعْش | Eta Ursae Majoris |
| Alkes | al-Ka's | the Cup | الكأس | الکَأْس | Alpha Crateris |
| Almak, Almach | ʼal-ʽAnāqi ʼl-Arḍ | the Caracal, Desert Lynx; "She-kid, She-Goat of the land" |
عناق الأرض | عَنَاقِ ٱلْأَرْض | Gamma Andromedae |
| Almeisan | al-Maysān | the Shining one | الميسان | المَيْسَان | Gamma Geminorum, "Alhena" |
| Alnair | an-Nayyir | the Bright one | النير | النّيّر | Alpha Gruis |
| Alnasl | an-Naşl | the Blade | النصل | النَّصْل | Gamma² Sagittarii |
| Alnilam | an-Niżm | the String of Pearls | النظم | النَّظْم | Epsilon Orionis |
| Alnitak | an-Niṭāq | the Girdle (Orion's Belt) | النطاق | النِّطَاق | Zeta Orionis |
| Alphard | al-Fard | the Solitary one | الفرد | الفَرْد | Alpha Hydrae |
| Alphecca | (Nayyir) al-Fakkah | (the Bright one of) the Broken (Ring) | نير الفكة | نَيِّر الفَکَّة | Alpha Coronae Borealis |
| Alpheratz | (Surrat) al-Faras | (Navel of) the Mare | سرة الفرس | سُرَّة الفَرَس | Alpha Andromedae |
| Alruba' | al-Rubaʽ | "the foal" | الربع | الرُّبع | HD 161693, HR 6618 |
| Alrescha | ar-Rishā' | the Well-Rope | الرشاء | الرِّشَاء | Alpha Piscium |
| Alsafi | aṣ-Ṣaāfiyy , aṣ-Ṣāfiyy |
the Tripods | الصافيّ | الْصَّافِيّ | Sigma Draconis |
| Alsuhail | Suhayl | Glorious | سهيل | سّهَيْل | any of: Canopus, Velorum, or Lambda Velorum |
| Altair | (an-Nisr) uṭ-Ṭāʼir | the Flying (Eagle) | النسر الطائر | النَّسْر الطَّائِر | Alpha Aquilae |
| Altais | at-Tays | the Goat | التيس | التَّيْس | Delta Draconis |
| Alterf | aṭ-Ṭarf | the View (of the Lion) | الطرف | الطَّرْف | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_Arabic_star_names