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Taoyuan City
桃園市[I] | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 24°59′28.6″N 121°18′51.58″E / 24.991278°N 121.3143278°E | |
Country | Republic of China (Taiwan) |
Seat | Taoyuan District |
Districts | |
Government | |
• Body | |
• Mayor | Chang San-cheng (KMT) |
Area | |
• Special municipality | 1,220.95 km2 (471.41 sq mi) |
• Urban | 1,140 km2 (440 sq mi) |
• Rank | 14 of 22 |
Population (March 2023)[3] | |
• Special municipality | 2,293,509 |
• Rank | 5 of 22 |
• Density | 1,900/km2 (4,900/sq mi) |
• Urban | 8,535,000 |
• Urban density | 7,500/km2 (19,000/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+8 (National Standard Time) |
Postal code | 320-338 |
ISO 3166 code | TW-TAO |
Bird | Formosan blue magpie (Urocissa caerulea) |
Flower | Peach blossom |
Tree | Peach tree |
Website | www |
|
Taoyuan City | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 桃園市 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 桃园市 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Taoyuan[I] (/ˌtaʊjuːˈɛn/) is a special municipality located in northwestern Taiwan, neighboring New Taipei City to the north-east, Yilan County to the south-east, and Hsinchu County to the south-west. Taoyuan District is the seat of the municipal government and which, along with Zhongli District, forms a large metropolitan area. Taoyuan developed from a satellite city of Taipei metropolitan area to become the fourth-largest metropolitan area, and fifth-largest populated city in Taiwan. "Taoyuan" literally means "peach garden" in Chinese, since the area used to have many peach trees. Formerly a county, Taoyuan became the latest new founding special municipality in 2014.
Taoyuan City is home to many industrial parks and tech company headquarters. Due to the city's proximity to Taipei, and the lower cost of living, Taoyuan has had the fastest population growth of any city in Taiwan in recent decades.[5] The city is also home to 116,000 foreign workers, with many coming from Southeast Asia and working in factories or as household caregivers.[6][7] Taoyuan International Airport, which serves the capital, Taipei and the rest of northern Taiwan, is located in this city.
History
Early history
In ancient times, the Taoyuan plateau was the home of the Taiwanese plains aborigines. In prehistory, the Ketagalan people settled in Nankan . In the early years of Dutch colonization, Spanish colonization, and Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty, there were no large-scale cultivation or industrial activities. During the Qing era, a number of people from Fujian Province and Guangdong province began to immigrate into present-day Taoyuan to develop and farm the land. They planted peach trees, which, when fully bloomed in spring, were so beautiful that the people named the land Toahong (Chinese: 桃仔園; pinyin: Táozǐyuán; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thô-á-hn̂g; lit. 'peach orchard').
Empire of Japan
In November 1901, during Japanese era, a local administrative office, Toshien Chō (Japanese: 桃仔園廳), was established in the area, and renamed Tōen Chō (桃園廳) in 1905. In 1920, the Tōen area was incorporated into Shinchiku Prefecture.
During the Japanese era, the staged migration policy caused Taoyuan to develop into a city with a variety of cultures. For example, temples and worship paths (currently the Taoyuan Martyrs Shrine) symbolized cultural systems. Butokuden (武德殿) were used to represent military systems, and the old Taoyuan City Office signified political systems.
Republic of China
After the transfer from Japan to the Republic of China, the present day-area of Taoyuan City was incorporated under Hsinchu County. In 1950, Taoyuan County was established by separating it from Hsinchu County. On 21 April 1971, Taoyuan City was made the county seat of Taoyuan County. It had 6 cities, 1 urban township and 6 rural townships.
In June 2009, the Executive Yuan approved the plan to upgrade Taoyuan from a county to a special municipality.[8] On 25 December 2014, Taoyuan County was upgraded into a special municipality of Taoyuan City (桃園市).
Geography
Taoyuan is located approximately 40 km (25 mi) southwest of Taipei, in northern Taiwan, and occupies 1,220 km2 (470 sq mi). It is made up of low-lying plains, interconnected mountains and plateaus. Its shape has a long and narrow southeast-to-northwest trend, with the southeast in the Xueshan Range and the far end on the shores of the Taiwan Strait.
There are many irrigation ponds at Taoyuan Plateau, which caused Taoyuan to earn the nickname "Thousand-pond Township" (千塘之鄉).[9]
Climate
Taoyuan has a humid subtropical climate, with mild to warm winters and hot summers, typical of northern Taiwan.
(The climate data of Taipei City is shown below for reference due to the city's proximity to Taipei.)
Climate data for Taipei (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 33.8 (92.8) |
31.8 (89.2) |
35.0 (95.0) |
36.2 (97.2) |
38.2 (100.8) |
38.9 (102.0) |
39.7 (103.5) |
39.3 (102.7) |
38.6 (101.5) |
36.8 (98.2) |
34.3 (93.7) |
31.5 (88.7) |
39.7 (103.5) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) |
20.7 (69.3) |
22.9 (73.2) |
26.7 (80.1) |
30.1 (86.2) |
32.9 (91.2) |
35.0 (95.0) |
34.4 (93.9) |
31.6 (88.9) |
27.8 (82.0) |
24.9 (76.8) |
21.1 (70.0) |
27.3 (81.1) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.6 (61.9) |
17.2 (63.0) |
19.0 (66.2) |
22.5 (72.5) |
25.8 (78.4) |
28.3 (82.9) |
30.1 (86.2) |
29.7 (85.5) |
27.8 (82.0) |
24.7 (76.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
18.2 (64.8) |
23.5 (74.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.4 (57.9) |
14.7 (58.5) |
16.2 (61.2) |
19.4 (66.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
25.3 (77.5) |
26.8 (80.2) |
26.6 (79.9) |
25.2 (77.4) |
22.6 (72.7) |
19.8 (67.6) |
16.1 (61.0) |
20.8 (69.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | −0.1 (31.8) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
1.4 (34.5) |
4.7 (40.5) |
10.0 (50.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
19.5 (67.1) |
18.9 (66.0) |
13.5 (56.3) |
10.2 (50.4) |
1.1 (34.0) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 93.8 (3.69) |
129.4 (5.09) |
157.8 (6.21) |
151.4 (5.96) |
245.2 (9.65) |
354.6 (13.96) |
214.2 (8.43) |
336.5 (13.25) |
336.8 (13.26) |
162.6 (6.40) |
89.3 (3.52) |
96.9 (3.81) |
2,368.5 (93.23) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.6 | 12.0 | 14.1 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 15.7 | 11.8 | 14.6 | 13.8 | 12.8 | 12.5 | 13.1 | 163 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 77.2 | 77.8 | 76.1 | 74.9 | 74.7 | 75.3 | 70.2 | 72.1 | 73.9 | 74.4 | 75.0 | 75.9 | 74.8 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 76.1 | 79.3 | 95.1 | 96.9 | 113.6 | 114.8 | 176.9 | 182.8 | 151.7 | 114.7 | 93.3 | 78.6 | 1,373.8 |
Source: Central Weather Bureau[10][11][12][13][14] |
Ethnic composition
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1985 | 1,211,249 | — |
1990 | 1,355,175 | +11.9% |
1995 | 1,524,127 | +12.5% |
2000 | 1,732,617 | +13.7% |
2005 | 1,911,161 | +10.3% |
2010 | 2,002,060 | +4.8% |
2015 | 2,105,780 | +5.2% |
2020 | 2,252,835 | +7.0% |
Source:"Populations by city and country in Taiwan". Ministry of the Interior Population Census. |
Han Chinese
Hoklo
As of most of the cities and urban towns of Taiwan, Minnan people (Hoklos) are one of the largest ethnic groups of Taoyuan, most of whom live in northern Taoyuan (北桃園) which comprises the northern districts of Taoyuan, including Taoyuan city centre, Bade, Daxi, Dayuan, Guishan and Luzhu, and the city seat of government, Taoyuan District citycentre.
Hakka
The Hakka are the second-largest ethnic group in the city after the Minnan ethnicity (Hoklo) who won against the Hakkas in clan wars moved to the poor mountainous regions in southern Taoyuan, most of the Hakka peasants live in the rural peasant village areas of southern Taoyuan (南桃園), which includes Zhongli, Pingzhen, Yangmei, Longtan, Guanyin and Xinwu districts. With more than 785,000 Hakka people, Taoyuan hosts the largest Hakka population among all of Taiwan's administrative divisions.
Waishengren
After the Chinese Civil War, many people from mainland China (unaffectionately referred to as "Waishengren") settled in the then-Taoyuan County after the retreat of the nationalist government in 1949. Most of them live in military dependents' villages in Zhongli, Pingzhen and Guishan. Longgang is well known for its immigrants from Yunnan, featuring many Yunnan-style restaurants.
Indigenous peoples
Most Taiwanese indigenous peoples in the city live in Fuxing District, with most of them belonging to the Atayal people.Outside of the Fuxing District the Special Municipality is the one part of Taiwan that has no Aboriginal Tribe ,appearing on maps as empty.
Economy
Taoyuan is one of the Taiwan's top industrial and technological cities. High-tech companies including Quanta, MiTAC, Inotera, Nanya Technology, HTC, CPT and AU Optronics have all opted to build or expand their factories in Taoyuan. Taoyuan has now become a bastion of electronics and semiconductor manufacturing. Over 200 of Taiwan's top 500 manufacturing companies have factories in Taoyuan. Taoyuan has also led Taiwan in terms of industrial output for nine straight years.[citation needed]
Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Taoyuan,_Taiwan
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