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Valladolid | |
|---|---|
    .jpg)   From top to bottom and from left to right: The Castle of Peñafiel, Canal of Castile, typical landscape of the province, a pine forest, center of a Castilian town, Castle of La Mota and a wine cellar. | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
 Map of Spain with Valladolid highlighted | |
| Coordinates: 41°35′N 4°40′W / 41.583°N 4.667°W | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile and León |
| Capital | Valladolid |
| Area | |
| • Total | 8,110 km2 (3,130 sq mi) |
| • Rank | Ranked 28th |
| 1.61% of Spain | |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 520,716 |
| • Rank | Ranked 29th |
| • Density | 64/km2 (170/sq mi) |
| 1.11% of Spain | |
| Demonym | Spanish: Vallisoletano/a |
| ISO 3166 code | ES-VA |
| Official language(s) | Spanish |
| Parliament | Cortes Generales |
| Website | diputaciondevalladolid.es |
Valladolid (Spanish: [baʎaðoˈlið] ⓘ) is a province of northwest Spain, in the central part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It has a population of 520,716 people in a total of 225 municipalities, an area of 8,110 km2 (3,130 sq mi) and a population density of 64.19 people per km2.
The capital is the city of Valladolid. It is bordered by the provinces of Zamora, León, Palencia, Burgos, Segovia, Ávila, and Salamanca. It is thus the only Spanish province surrounded entirely by other provinces of the same autonomous community. It is the only peninsular province which has no mountains.
Because the extensive plain on which the province lies is strategically important to overland transport, it is a major communications hub. From a national point of view it connects Madrid with the north of Spain, from Vigo in Galicia to San Sebastián in the Basque Country, and from an international point of view, it is on the shortest land route connecting Porto in the north of Portugal with Hendaye in the south of France.
The cuisine of the province is like that of Castile—meats and roasts occupy a central place. One of the most typical dishes is lechazo, a dish made from unweaned lambs, similar to veal. Suckling pig, black pudding, sausages, and sheep's milk cheeses are also traditional. The province has five wines with a denomination of origin.
The province once served as the capital of the Castilian court and the former capital of the Empire during the reigns of Emperor Carlos I, Philip II and Philip III, which explains why to this day it remains pregnant with castles and strongholds. The capital has an important historical – artistic heritage and one of the more important museums of sculpture of Europe. The province of Valladolid is specially famous for its processions of Holy Week, as much in the capital as in the localities of Medina de Rioseco and Medina del Campo. In addition, the province has two UNESCO world heritage sites within its category Memory of the World Programme: the Treaty of Tordesillas and the Archivo General de Simancas.
History
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The province of Valladolid was established as such by the Royal Decree of 29 September 1833 driven by the minister Javier de Burgos, being attached to the historic region of Old Castile.
The first stable population that settled in the present province were the pre-Roman Vaccaei people (Spanish name: vacceos, the area that they inhabited is called "Region Vaccea") who belonged to a very advanced culture when the rest of the Celtic peoples arrived in the peninsula from the north of Europe (there is evidence that indicates that they also occupied territories corresponding to other provinces). By then, it was already defined for the chronicles as a region "free and discovered" and "an open country, wheat fields, deforested land" and the vacceos were involved in livestock farming and especially agriculture (cereals). In the year 178 BC, the Romans conquered the territory. Thus the lands that make up the current province came under their occupation, up to the barbarian invasions of the early fifth century AD when the province came under the control of the new Visigothic Kingdom.
After the invasion of the Iberian peninsula by the Muslims in the year 711, the Muslims arrived in these lands just a year later, in 712. Later, during the Reconquista, this area was the subject of battles between the Muslims and the Christian Kingdom of León in the first half of the eleventh century. In 939, after the Battle of Simancas clinched the domain of the basin of the Douro river by the Christian kingdoms. Valladolid was founded in the year 1072 by Count Pedro Ansúrez. From here its history was linked to that of the Crown of Castile. In fact, cities such as Medina del Campo or Valladolid became important administrative centers Castilians and also experienced an economic boom (mesta, fairs ... ). Had a great importance in the Discovery of the Americas in 1492 (Christopher Columbus will end up living the last years of his life until his death in 1506 in Valladolid) and the subsequent colonization with explorers such as Juan Ponce de León -discoverer of the Florida (United States)-. In fact, in some houses of Tordesillas, was signed the Treaty of Tordesillas which decided to the cast of the New World between the Catholic Monarchs and the Kingdom of Portugal giving rise to Latin America.
The revolt of the comuneros in the year 1520, which ended with the ringleaders of that revolt publicly executed in Villalar de los Comuneros. Valladolid became the capital of the Spanish empire between the years 1601–1606. When the Spanish Empire began to decline due to the continuing wars in which this involved and the emergence of new emerging powers, there was an economic decline in the area, as in the rest of the Spanish monarchy. During the War of the Spanish Succession (1700–1715) It positioned the side of the Bourbon pretender, that would be the one who got the throne. In the Peninsular War against France (1808–1814), there were a succession of small battles and the continued action of guerrillas as "The Undaunted".
In the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) Valladolid was the "most significant regional nucleus" of Falangism in the Spanish Second Republic, garnering the second-highest provincial vote for the party in the otherwise dismal (for Falangists) elections of 1936, just behind Cadiz.[1] The province was controlled by Franco's Nationalists throughout the Civil War. During the Franco period there was an exodus from the rural countryside to the industrial cities. A further exodus occurred with the arrival of democracy in Spain (early 1980s), when the province was made part of the new autonomous community of Castile and Leon. Start a process of economic growth that peaked with the Spanish property bubble and then suffers from the economic crisis of 2008-2015, like the rest of the south of Europe.
Economy
The per capita GDP of the province is €24,751 per year in 2010 (more or less $32,176). If you take the Spanish average as an index with value 100, the province obtained a 109% over this index so exceed the national per capita GDP. The total GDP of the province amounted to €13,000,403,000 (more or less $16.900 billion).
Agriculture dedicated to the cultivation of cereals (wheat and barley), legumes, sugar beets, alfalfa, vegetables and vines. Important livestock. Intense industrial activity especially concentrated in the capital, derived from agriculture (pasta, flour, chocolate, sugar, etc. ), textiles, metallurgy, automobile manufacturing (FASA-Renault), chemical, construction, paper, graphic arts, etc. In addition to the capital city Valladolid, stand out the populations of Medina del Campo, Peñafiel, Tordesillas, Tudela de Duero, Laguna de Duero, Íscar, Olmedo and Pedrajas de San Esteban (this last, due to its large production of pine nut)
The top 10 companies by economic billing in 2013 were: Renault-España, Michelin, Iveco, El Árbol, Aquagest (Grupo Agbar), Lauki (Lactalis), Begar, ACOR, Grupo Norte and Queserías Entrepinares.
Government and politics
The Valladolid Province was established as such by the Royal Decree of 29 October 1833 driven by the minister Javier de Burgos as the rest of provinces of the country (see: 1833 territorial division of Spain). To do this took into account the common historic, cultural and economic characteristics of each territory.
The Government and the administration of the province of Valladolid corresponds to the Provincial Council of Valladolid, as outlined in the statute of autonomy of Castilla and Leon. Headquarters is located in the Palacio of Pimentel of Valladolid, since 1875, when the building was purchased by the Provincial Government.
Political divisions
Today, the province does not have official divisions, but historically it has been divided into 8 comarcas (a Spanish term for shires):
- Tierra de Campos ("Land of Fields")
- Montes Torozos ("Torozos Mountains")
- Campiña del Pisuerga ("The Pisuerga Countryside")
- Páramos del Esgueva ("Esgueva's Moorland")
- Tierra del Vino ("Land of wine")
- Tierra de Pinares ("Land of Pine")
- Campo de Peñafiel ("Peñafiel Field")
- Tierra de Medina ("Land of Medina")
Geography
.PNG)
It is bordered by the provinces of Burgos, Palencia and Leon to the north, with Zamora, to the west; with the provinces of Salamanca and Avila to the south; and with the province of Segovia to the east. It is, therefore, the only Spanish province surrounded only – and entirely – by others in your same autonomous community (Castile and León).
the province has an area of 8,110 km2 (3,130 sq mi), is located in the center of the Meseta Central, a plateau in the middle of the northern half of the Iberian Peninsula and is characterized by its uniform terrain (about 700 m on average), dominated by an extensive plain in which are distinguished: A limestone fells area defined by the valleys of different rivers, some of which stand out in altitude causing a mountainous landscape of hills witnesses, such as the Montes Torozos, San Cristobal hill (843 m) and the Sardanedo (854 m); a countryside location of soft hills; and by separating one and another, the so-called "hills", deep gorges with steep slopes, such as the width of Prado, Santovenia, Cabezon de Pisuerga, etc.. The highest point is in Castrillo de Duero and is the Cuchillejos hill (933 m). The lowest point is the Douro river passing by Villafranca de Duero (626 m).
Climate
The Continental Mediterranean climate is typical of Meseta Central, which is located in the province of Valladolid. It is similar to the typical Mediterranean but with characteristics of continental climates, of more extreme temperatures, although it does not go to be as different as to be classified separately. In addition this climate does not receive the influence of the sea, that is why the temperatures are the most extreme of Spain, with a lot of heat summers and winters quite cold with a swing of 18.5 Cº.
Summer is the driest season and can overcome with great frequency 30 °C, reaching sporadically over 35 °C. However, in winter it is frequent that the temperatures fall to 0 °C, producing ice in cloudless nights and snow sporadically. When frost combines with fog, that is called hard rime, a very characteristic phenomenon of the area, like frost. This northern region of Spain, along with the rest of the provinces of Castile and Leon, is the coldest region in South Europe. Rainfall follows a very similar pattern to that of the typical Mediterranean climate, reaching between 400 and 600 mm, with a peak during Spring and Autumn. The declining influence of the sea, however, makes it a drier climate than the typical.
| Climate data for Valladolid | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.0 (62.6) |
23.6 (74.5) |
24.6 (76.3) |
29.2 (84.6) |
33.0 (91.4) |
37.0 (98.6) |
39.4 (102.9) |
38.6 (101.5) |
37.6 (99.7) |
29.0 (84.2) |
23.2 (73.8) |
19.8 (67.6) |
39.4 (102.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.4 (45.3) |
10.3 (50.5) |
13.4 (56.1) |
14.8 (58.6) |
18.7 (65.7) |
23.9 (75.0) |
28.5 (83.3) |
28.2 (82.8) |
24.2 (75.6) |
17.6 (63.7) |
11.8 (53.2) |
8.1 (46.6) |
17.2 (63.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.1 (37.6) |
5.1 (41.2) |
7.2 (45.0) |
8.7 (47.7) |
12.3 (54.1) |
16.6 (61.9) |
20.1 (68.2) |
20.1 (68.2) |
17.0 (62.6) |
11.8 (53.2) |
6.9 (44.4) |
4.2 (39.6) |
11.1 (52.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.2 (29.8) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
1.0 (33.8) |
2.6 (36.7) |
5.8 (42.4) |
9.2 (48.6) |
11.7 (53.1) |
12.0 (53.6) |
9.8 (49.6) |
6.0 (42.8) |
2.1 (35.8) |
0.2 (32.4) |
4.9 (40.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −18.8 (−1.8) |
−16 (3) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
2.4 (36.3) |
2.4 (36.3) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
−12.6 (9.3) |
−18.8 (−1.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 42 (1.7) |
33 (1.3) |
23 (0.9) |
48 (1.9) |
54 (2.1) |
35 (1.4) |
19 (0.7) |
19 (0.7) |
30 (1.2) |
45 (1.8) |
48 (1.9) |
55 (2.2) |
455 (17.9) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 71 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 86 | 76 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 58 | 49 | 51 | 58 | 72 | 81 | 87 | 68 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 120 | 155 | 203 | 220 | 264 | 313 | 361 | 340 | 245 | 196 | 136 | 98 | 2,645 |
| Source 1: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (normals 1971–2000)[2] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (extremes only 1938–2012)[3] | |||||||||||||
Nature
- Nature Reserve Banks of Castronuño: (Reserva Natural de las Riberas de Castronuño-Vega del Duero in Spanish) In the shire of Torozo's Mountains, is an area of moorland and Las Vegas sedimented. A migratory and nesting area for waterbirds. The Duero is surrounded by forests of Ribera and constitutes a very interesting swamp ecosystem. It is an area of great plains and absence of high elevations. The fauna is abundant, such as heron, martinete, common egret, snakes, ducks spoons, porrores common pochards, tufted ducks, cormorants, albotan, osprey, snake necklace, eagle of ladder, heron, peregrine falcon, lizards and colirroja Cinderella, ocelad lizard, frog of San Antonio, toads birth attendants, polecats, badger. The nature reserve is considered a Special Protection Area for Birds.
- Canal of Castile: (Canal de Castilla in Spanish) Construction started in 1753 and it took almost a century to complete since it was opened in 1849. It is shaped like a "Y" upside down and its purpose was the transport of the wheat of Castile toward the ports of the Cantabrian Sea but the arrival of the railroad soon made him become obsolete. Crosses 9 municipalities in the province.With the passage of time, in the margins of the channel have been forming a series of wetlands of high ecological value, representing an island of biodiversity. Its high ecological value is related to its diverse aquatic vegetation and with the large number of vertebrate species that are hosting them. Within the birds, in the channel there are 121 species of nesting birds and also wintering birds and birds hydrosphere and accidental; 42 species of mammals, 15 of them insectivorous; 11 species of amphibians and 14 reptiles and 14 species of fish.
Flora and vegetation
Vegetation is typical of plateau (700–800 meters above sea level), with various species of pine (pinus pinea and pinus pinaster), holm oak (quercus ilex), oak (quercus pyrenaica and quercus faginea), Cork oak (quercus suber), elms, poplars, fraxinus, willows, alders, populus, honeysuckles carrizos, steeples, bush and pastures.
Fauna
In general, animals found in the area are that of a typical Mediterranean plateau, such as: European rabbit, red squirrel, European hedgehog, common vole, partridge, little and great bustards, white stork, barn swallow, European robin, common cuckoo, common nightingale, common woodpigeon, Eurasian magpie, mallard, greylag goose, Spanish and House sparrows, Perez's frog, Montagu's harrier, western marsh harrier, hen harrier, peregrine falcon, short-toed snake eagle, lesser kestrel, common crane, pin-tailed sandgrouse, Geoffroy's bat, trout, common carp, crayfish, Eurasian otter, shrew, Iberian hare, roe deer, wild boar, red fox and grey wolf.
Demography
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Population trends
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Demographic Indicators
Number of people
Valladolid is the most populated province of de Castile and León, with 520,716 people in 2020 (INE), representing more than 20% of the total population of the community. It has 1.1% of the national population and is the 19th most populous province.[4]
It has one of the few growing populations in Castile and León and also one of the youngest. The population is also characterized by being one of the most long-lived of Spain and Europe.
Structure of the population
Most of the population of Valladolid, 65.4%, is between 16 and 64 years ( INE 2006). 17.7% are aged 65 years or more and 16.9% are children or adolescents.[5]
Total Population of the province (2007)
- Men: 255,983 (49,07%)
- Women: 265,678 (50,93%)
- Total: 521,661
Nº people by age
- 0–20 years: 22.379 = 16,91%
- 20–40 years: 20.911 = 30,82%
- 40–60 years: 21.125 = 28,7%
- over 60 years: 23.762 = 23,57%
Most populous municipalities
| Foreign population by nationality Main countries (2019) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Country | Number | % |
 Bulgaria |
5160 | 20,89% |
 Romania |
5039 | 20,40% |
 Morocco |
3432 | 13,89% |
 Colombia |
1209 | 4,89% |
 Dominican Republic |
863 | 3,49% |
 Brazil |
850 | 3,44% |
 China |
812 | 3,28% |
 Portugal |
715 | 2,89% |
 Venezuela |
683 | 2,76% |
 Italy |
456 | 1,84% |
 France |
365 | 1,47% |
 Ecuador |
352 | 1,14% |
The twenty most populated municipalities in the province of Valladolid are the following ( INE of 2014):