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Politics and government of Hong Kong |
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Hong Kong has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party was allowed to gain power by controlling the Legislative Council. The Chief Executive is appointed by the Premier of the People's Republic of China based on an indirectly elected Election Committee and is de facto pro-Beijing but de jure is said to be nonpartisan as specified in the Chief Executive Election Ordinance. Once selected, the Chief Executive forms an unelected government which superficially has to rely on political parties in the legislature for support, but the legislature has been deliberately designed and redesigned to be a pro-Beijing rubber stamp body.[1][2]
Hong Kong has no legislation for political parties; thus, it has no legal definition for what a political party is. Most political parties and political groups registered either as limited companies or societies.
In Hong Kong, there were two main political ideological blocs, which presents to pro-democracy camp (include localists) and pro-Beijing camp. Under the newly introduced electoral system, only government-approved candidates may run, effectively disqualifying any candidates who are not from the pro-Beijing camp or approved by Beijing. Most of the pro-democracy camp Legislative Councillors from the previous LegCo have been jailed by the Hong Kong government and are therefore disqualified from participating in elections without the need for government vetting.
Present parties
The list includes also political groups, trade unions, professional associations and pressure groups in Hong Kong that have been active in elections but are not considered parties.
Parties and groups in the Legislative and District Councils
As of 19 June 2017, there were a total number of 16 political groupings represented in the Legislative and District Councils:[3] There are currently (As of August 2021) 8 political groups are still officially represented, and 4 further political groups represented by members of the first 8 groups (New Territories Association of Societies, New Territories Heung Yee Kuk, Kowloon West New Dynamic, Civil Force), all 12 are pro-Beijing parties.[4]
Other parties and groups
Other parties and groups without any representation that have participated in the elections include:
Pro-democracy camp
- 2047 Hong Kong Monitor (2047香港監察)
- 7.1 People Pile (七一人民批)
- April Fifth Action (四五行動)
- Chinese Labour Party (中國工黨)
- Chinese Liberal Democratic Party (中國自由民主黨)
- China Youth Service & Recreation Centre (神州青年服務社)
- Citizens' Radio (民間電台)
- Civic Act-Up (公民起動) (part of Labour Party)
- Concern Group for Tseung Kwan O People's Livelihood (將軍澳民生關注組)
- Democratic Party (民主黨)
- The Frontier (前綫)
- HK First (香港本土)
- Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council (港九工團聯合總會/工團)
- Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (香港民主民生協進會)
- Hong Kong Awakening Association (香港關注會)
- Hong Kong Caritas Employees Union (香港明愛員工會)
- Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Practitioners' Rights General Union (香港中醫師權益總工會)
- Hong Kong Democratic Development Network (香港民主發展網絡)
- Hong Kong Democratic Foundation (香港民主促進會)
- Hong Kong Independence Party (香港獨立黨)
- Hong Kong Social Workers' General Union (香港社會工作者總工會/社總)
- Labour Party (工黨)
- Land Justice League (土地正義聯盟)
- League of Social Democrats (社會民主連線)
- Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre (街坊工友服務處)
- People Power (人民力量)
- Pioneer of Victoria Park (維園衝鋒)
- Power Voters (選民力量) (part of People Power)
- Professional Commons (公共專業聯盟)
- Revolutionary Communist Party of China (中國革命共產黨, October Review)
- Socialist Action (社會主義行動)
- Southern Democratic Alliance (南方民主同盟)
- Synergy Kowloon (九龍角落)
- Tai Po Democratic Alliance (大埔民主聯盟)
Pro-Beijing camp
- Bauhinia Party (紫荊黨)
- Business and Professionals Federation of Hong Kong (香港工商專業聯會)
- Civil Force (公民力量)
- Economic Synergy (經濟動力) (part of Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong)
- Education Convergence (教育評議會)
- Government Disciplined Services General Union (政府紀律部隊人員總工會)
- Hong Kong Chinese Reform Association (香港華人革新會)
- Hong Kong Civic Association (香港公民協會)
- Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers (香港教育工作者聯會)
- Hong Kong Localism Power (香港本土力量), a pro-Beijing conservative political party, contrary to its name.
- Hong Kong Medical Association (香港醫學會)
- Hong Kong Public Doctors' Association (香港公共醫療醫生協會)
- Hong Kong Women Teachers' Organization (香港女教師協會)
- Justice Alliance (正義聯盟)
- New Youth Forum (新青年論壇)
- HK Round Table On People’s Livelihood (民生圓桌)
- Politihk Social Strategic (香港政研會)
- Professional Forum (專業會議) (part of Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong)
- Third Force (第3力量)
- Voice of Loving Hong Kong (愛港之聲)
- Path of Democracy (民主思路)
Localist groups
- Christians to the World (蒞地基督徒)
- Conservative Party (香港保守黨)
- Empowering Hong Kong (匯政衞言)
- Hong Kong Indigenous (本土民主前線)
- Hong Kong Resurgence Order (香港復興會)
- Kowloon East Community (東九龍社區關注組)
- Nationalist Hong Kong (國民香港)
- Proletariat Political Institute (普羅政治學苑)
- Tai Po Sunwalker (埔向晴天)
- Tin Shui Wai New Force (天水圍民生關注平台)
- Tsuen Wan Community Network (荃灣社區網絡)
- Tuen Mun Community (屯門社區關注組)
- Tuen Mun Community Network (屯門社區網絡)
- Youngspiration (青年新政)
Umbrella organisations
- Ching Fat Living Concern Group (青發生活關注組)
- North of the Rings (北區動源)
- Tsuen Wan Dynamic for the People (荃灣民生動力)
Others
- Alliance for Social and Economic Advancement (保障民生建設聯盟)
- Green Party of Hong Kong (香港綠黨)
- Hong Kong People's Livelihood Party (香港民生黨)
- New Prospect for Hong Kong (香港新方向)
- MESSAGE (快信社會服務團)
Regional organisations, communal pressure groups and Kaifong associations
- Action 18 (動員十八)
- Ap Lei Chau Community Trade Union (鴨脷洲社區職工會)
- Cheung Sha Wan West Front (長沙灣西社區陣線)
- Choi Hung Estate Social Service Association (彩虹邨服務聯會)
- Concern Group for Tseung Kwan O People's Livelihood (將軍澳民生關注組)
- Community Alliance (區政聯盟)
- Deliberation Tsuen Wan (荃民議政)
- Fu Sun Generation (富新一代)
- Heung Yee Kuk (鄉議局)
- Hong Kong Island Federation (香港島各界聯合會)
- HTTH Environmental Concern Group (興東東熹環境關注組)
- Kowloon East Community (東九龍社區關注組)
- Kowloon Federation of Associations (九龍社團聯會)
- Fu Cheong Hung Estate Residents' Association (富昌邨居民協會)
- Kwun Tong Residents Association (觀塘民眾聯誼會)
- Hong Kong People's Council on Housing Policy (香港房屋政策評議會)
- Kowloon West New Dynamic (西九新動力)
- New Territories Association of Societies (新界社團聯會)
- New Territories West Residents Association (新界西居民聯會)
- Hong Kong Tin Shui Wai Women Association (香港天水圍婦女聯會)
Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_political_parties_in_Hong_Kong
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