This guideline is a part of the English Wikipedia's Manual of Style. It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though it is best treated with common sense, and occasional exceptions may apply. Any substantive edit to this page should reflect consensus. When in doubt, discuss first on the talk page.

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Disambiguation pages (abbreviated often as dab pages or simply DAB or DABs) are non-article pages designed to help a reader find the right Wikipedia article when different topics could be referred to by the same search term, as described in the guidelines on the Wikipedia:Disambiguation project page. In other words, disambiguation pages help readers find the specific article they want when there is topic ambiguity.

Note that even though most disambiguation pages are kept in the Article namespace (mainspace), they are not articles. These pages are aids in searching for articles.

The style guidelines on this page aim to give disambiguation pages a consistent appearance and help the efficiency of searches by excluding extraneous information. Any page containing one of the disambiguation templates should contain only disambiguation content, whether or not the page title contains the parenthetical "(disambiguation)". For more information on these templates and identifying a disambiguation page, see § The disambiguation notice and categorization below.

Note that these style guidelines do not apply to article pages containing such sentence- or paragraph-level disambiguation techniques as having a hatnote at the top of an article pointing to a related subject. These guidelines only apply to pages correctly tagged with a disambiguation template.

Disambiguation
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In general, the title of a disambiguation page is the ambiguous term itself, provided there is no primary topic for that term. If there is already a primary topic, the "(disambiguation)" qualifier should be added to the title of the disambiguation page, such as Jupiter (disambiguation). For more on how to title a disambiguation page, see Wikipedia:Disambiguation § Naming the disambiguation page.

The first lines should consist of the following, in order:

1. optionally: a link to Wiktionary (see § Linking to Wiktionary)
2. if there is a primary topic: a link to the primary topic (see § Linking to a primary topic)
3. the introductory line (see § Introductory line)

Each of these three should begin its own line (the Wiktionary template creates a box on the right side of the page).

Thus if there is no Wiktionary link and no primary topic link, the introductory line should be the first line.

Linking to Wiktionary

When a dictionary definition should be included (see Wikipedia:Disambiguation § What not to include), rather than writing a text entry, create a cross-link to Wiktionary, one of the Wikimedia sister projects. To do this, use one of these Wiktionary link templates on the first line:

• {{Wiktionary}} can be used with up to five optional parameters: {{wiktionary|WORD|WORD2|...|WORD5}}. This can be useful for linking dictionary entries with multiple capitalizations (e.g., star, Star, and STAR). With no parameters, the template defaults to using the current page's name with a lowercase first letter.
• {{Wiktionary pipe}} will behave like a piped link: {{wiktionary pipe|WORD|optional display name}}.

Be sure to check the links created by these templates, as Wiktionary's case sensitivity sometimes differs from Wikipedia's. Most notably, Wiktionary uses proper capitalization for the first letter of its entries, unlike Wikipedia's use of an uppercase first letter for each page name.

Linking to a primary topic

It is recommended that a link back to the primary topic appear at the top, in a brief explanatory sentence. This link should be the primary topic set in bold. (This is opposite to the recommendation for primary topics in articles; that is, MOS:BOLDLINKAVOID does not apply to disambiguation pages.) The brief explanatory sentence is otherwise an individual entry per MOS:DABENTRY.

When the page has "(disambiguation)" in its title – i.e., it is the disambiguation page for a term for which a primary topic has been identified – users are most likely to arrive there by clicking on a top link from the primary topic article, generated by a template in the {{otheruses}} series. For example, the article School contains the hatnote:

The primary topic is the one reached by using the disambiguation page title without the (disambiguation) qualifier. Capitalisation differences matter, so there will only be one primary topic for a title.

Since it is unlikely this primary topic is what readers are looking for if they have reached the disambiguation page, it should not be mixed in with the other links. As stated above, it is recommended that the link back to the primary topic appear at the top, in a brief explanatory sentence. For instance:

When the primary topic article has a different title than the term being disambiguated, then the first line normally uses a redirect from the ambiguous term to link to that article:

Similarly for an acronym, initialism or alphabetism:

However, in some cases it may be clearer to link directly to the target of the redirect, such as with surnames that have a primary holder:

instead of the more awkward:

Introductory line

The term being disambiguated should be in bold (not italics). It should begin a sentence fragment ending with a colon, introducing a bulleted list:

Where several variants of a term are being disambiguated together, significant variants may be included in the lead sentence. For example:

However, it is not necessary to mention minor variations of capitalization, punctuation or diacritics. For example, AU may refer to: is preferable to AU, au, Au or A-U may refer to; and Saiyuki may refer to: is preferable to Saiyuki, Saiyūki or Saiyûki may refer to.

When the title being disambiguated has a primary topic (i.e. when the disambiguation page's title ends in "(disambiguation)"), the introductory line includes the word "also": see the "school" example in § Linking to a primary topic above.

After the introductory line comes a list of individual entries – lines which direct the readers to Wikipedia articles on the various topics which might be referenced by the term being disambiguated. Keep in mind that the primary purpose of the disambiguation page is to help people find the specific article they want quickly and easily. For example:

Apply the following rules when constructing entries:

In most cases the title of the target article will be an expansion or variation of the term being disambiguated (as in the example above). If this is the case:

• The link should come at the start of the entry.
• The article title should appear exactly as it is on the target page; the link should not be piped except to apply formatting (see § Where piping may be appropriate).

However, in some cases the target article title is not an expansion or variation of the term being disambiguated. For example, in the Maggie Anderson (disambiguation) page:

For the case where the link is not an expansion or variation see §§ Red links​ and Items appearing within other articles below.

Note also the following points when constructing lists of entries:

• An entry without a blue link is useless for further navigation. (See § Red links for cases in which no article yet exists.)
• A disambiguation page should not be made up completely of red links or have only one blue link on the entire page, because the basic purpose of disambiguation is to refer users to other Wikipedia pages.
• Never include external links, either as entries or in descriptions. Disambiguation pages disambiguate Wikipedia articles, not the World-Wide Web. To note URLs that might be helpful in the future, include them on the talk page.
• References should not appear on disambiguation pages. Dab pages are not articles; instead, incorporate the references into the target articles.

Examples of individual entries that should not be created

Do not include entries for topics that are not ambiguous (according to the linked article) with the title. Use list articles for lists of related topics if needed.

On a page called Title, do not create entries merely because Title is part of the name (see Wikipedia:Disambiguation § Partial title matches). This does not apply if the subject is commonly referred to simply by Title. For instance, Oxford (disambiguation) should link to University of Oxford and Catalina might include Santa Catalina Island, California. If there is disagreement about whether this exception applies, it is often best to assume that it does. When multiple articles contain Title but are not referred to by it, {{look from}} and {{in title}} templates may be added in the "See also" section.

You may want to create entries on the same page for:

• TITLE and Title
• Title town and Title township
  • An example is Willow Valley, which lists a town of that name as well as "Willow Valley Township" in another state.

Do not include entries for topics which are not mentioned in any article, even if there is an article on a related topic, since linking to it would not help readers find information about the sought topic.

Given names or surnames

People who have the ambiguous term as surname or given name should be listed in the main disambiguation list of the disambiguation page only if they are frequently referred to simply by the single name (e.g., Abraham Lincoln on Lincoln).

There are two options for listing name-holders. A list of name-holders can be included in a People section of the page. For longer lists (of 12 or more entries), and as an alternative for a short list, an anthroponymy list article can be created and linked from the disambiguation page. If it isn't clear that the article includes a list, consider mentioning that in the description, for example:

• Marilyn (given name), a female given name (including a list of people with the name)
• Dylan (name), a given name and a family name (including a list of people with the name)

Articles only listing persons with a certain given name or surname, known as anthroponymy articles, are not disambiguation pages, and this Manual of Style does not apply to them. Anthroponymy articles follow their own style standards. For those articles, do not use {{disambiguation}} or {{hndis}}, but {{given name}} or {{surname}} instead.

Misspellings

Common misspellings should be listed only if there is a genuine risk of confusion or misspelling. These cross-links should be placed in a separate section entitled "Common misspellings" or "See also". For example, in a page called Kington (disambiguation), a link to Kingston (disambiguation) would appropriately be included in the "See also" section.

Piping and redirects

Piping and redirects are two different mechanisms that allow the displayed text of a link to differ from the title of the page that the link points to.

• Piping means concealing the title of a linked article by replacing it with other text. For example, instead of showing the full title Moment (physics), it may be presented as Moment (physics)|moment, resulting in the link moment.
• A redirect is a page used to "jump" readers from one page title to an article with a different title. For example, a redirect at the title 9/11 sends users who navigate there to the article September 11 attacks.

Apart from the exceptions listed below, piping and redirects should generally not be used on disambiguation pages. This is to make it clear to the reader which topic is the subject of an article title. For example, on the disambiguation page Moment, in the entry Moment (physics), the parenthetical disambiguator "(physics)" should be visible so that the reader sees which "moment" topic the entry is about, among others sharing the same base title. In many cases, what would be hidden by a pipe is exactly what the user would need in order to find their intended article. However, raw section and anchor points should not be displayed; see § Section and anchor point linking for those cases.

Though piping and redirects should generally not be used in disambiguation pages, there are certain cases in which they may be useful to the reader:

Where redirecting may be appropriateedit

• Redirecting may be appropriate where the primary topic is a redirect; see § Linking to a primary topic.
• Redirecting may be appropriate when linking to another disambiguation page.
• However, when the disambiguated term is an acronym or initialism (alphabetism), links should not use redirects to conceal the expanded version of that initialism. For example, on the disambiguation page BNL, linking to the full article title Banca Nazionale del Lavoro is preferable to linking to a redirect at BNL (bank).
• A redirect should be used to link to a specific section of an article if only that section discusses the disambiguated topic. This also suggests that the topic may eventually have its own article. For example:

  Eon may refer to:

  • (correct) Eon (geology), a division of the geologic time scale

    Eon (geology), a division of the geologic time scaleY

  • (incorrect) Eon, a division of the geologic time scale

    Geologic time scale#Terminology|Eon, a division of the geologic time scale N

  • (incorrect) Eon, a division of the geologic time scale

    Eon, a Geologic time scale#Divisions of geologic time|division of the geologic time scale N

  The above technique is used when the link is the subject of the line. For description sections, redirects or piped links may be used; follow the normal Wikipedia:Redirect and Wikipedia:Piped link guidelines.

• Linking to a redirect can also be helpful when both:
  1. the redirect target article contains the disambiguated term; and
  2. the redirect could serve as an alternative name for the target article, meaning an alternative term that is already in the article's lead section. For example:

  James Cary may refer to:

  • (correct) James Carrey or Jim Carrey (born 1962), Canadian actor

    James Carrey or Jim Carrey (born 1962), Canadian actor Y

  • (incorrect) James Carrey or Jim Carrey (born 1962), Canadian actor

    James Carrey or Jim Carrey (born 1962), Canadian actor N

  The above example of a redirect is only appropriate because James Carrey is indicated as an alternative name in the lead section of the Jim Carrey article. If it were not, then the second example could have been used instead.

Where piping may be appropriateedit

• Use piping to add italics or quotation marks to part of an article name; for instance, Harvey (film), USS Adder (SS-3), "Route 66" (song), Saturnalia (genus), "Hush" (Buffy episode), Neo (The Matrix). The templates {{fti}} and {{ftq}} may be used to create properly formatted links. These should be substituted, since templates are discouraged on disambiguation pages (see § Images and templates below).
  • Wikipedia:WikiProject Disambiguation/Title templates for song, album and film title links
  • Wikipedia:WikiProject Ships/Tools for ship and ship classes links
• Similarly, use piping if the entry's article title differs from how it should actually be rendered, due to technical limitations in Wikipedia; for instance, The Singles 86>98 or Softimage|XSI.
• When the link is part of the description, rather than the actual entry name, piping can be used more freely. However, the text of the link should still be very similar to the title of the target article, to avoid confusing the reader. For example:

  Switch may refer to:

  • "Switch", a song by Siouxsie & the Banshees from The Scream

    "Switch", a song by Siouxsie & the Banshees from ''The Scream (album)|The Scream''

• Piping may be used when the link is in the description (see § Items appearing within other articles) for linking to a section or anchor point rather than an entire article. For example, on E (disambiguation), the piped Entertainment Software Rating Board (Entertainment Software Rating Board#Ratings|Entertainment Software Rating Board) is preferable to simply linking to the entire article Entertainment Software Rating Board. Piping is commonly used to link to the track listing section of an album article. The text of the link should not be the title of a different article, and should not surprise the reader. For example:

  Ten may refer to:

  • (correct) Ten or Tenshinhan, a character in Dragon Ball media

    Ten or Tenshinhan, a List of Dragon Ball characters#Ten Shinhan|character in Dragon Ball media Y

  • (incorrect) Ten or Tenshinhan, a character in Dragon Ball media

    Ten or Tenshinhan, a character in List of Dragon Ball characters#Tien Shinhan|Dragon Ball media N

  This is incorrect because although the piped link will take the reader to the correct page where the character's name is discussed, the actual article Dragon Ball does not mention him and is not where the reader should think he or she is heading.

Section and anchor point linkingedit

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