You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (February 2017) Click for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Russian article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 1,241 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Wikipedia article at :ru:Уральские шведы; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|ru|Уральские шведы}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

The Ural Swedes, (Swedish: uralsvenskar, Russian: Уральские шведы) were Yaik Cossacks (later Orenburg Cossacks) with Swedish ancestry, related to the large groups of Swedish prisoners of the Great Northern War (1700–1721).

Historyedit

During the Great Northern War, at least 120,000 men surrendered and were held in Russian POW (prisoner of war) camps until the war ended.^[1] After the defeats at Poltava and Perevolochna there were about 20,000^[2]: 710 to 25,000 Swedes that capitulated^[3]: 246 Individual surrenders were uncommon, usually a large unit surrendered all its men. Most of them were put to work in Ukraine, Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Another large group was moved into Siberia and Ural, where they began working in mining under the command of Vasily Tatishchev.^[4]

About 8,000 Swedes joined the Russian Army to survive, so Peter I put them in Astrakhan Garrison and on Ural Cossack Line to protect Russian land against Kazakhs and Kirgizian riders, where they joined the military expeditions of Bekovich-Cherkassky to Khiva,^[5][6] Swedes quickly converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity and received linguistic assimilation with the local Russians.^[7] Later Ural Cossacks were used to support the Orenburg Cossacks Line, in Sakmara. Another group was moved to Vozdvizhenskaya fortress in 1745 and thanks to isolation they kept some language and cultural identification until the beginning of the 20th century.

Referencesedit

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