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The following peoples are officially recognized minor indigenous peoples of Russia. Many of them are included into the Common List of Minor Indigenous Peoples of Russia (Единый перечень коренных малочисленных народов России) approved by the government of Russia on March 24, 2000 and updated in subsequent years.
These peoples satisfy the following criteria:
- To live in their historical territory;
- To preserve traditional way of life, occupations, and trades;
- To self-recognize themselves as a separate ethnicity;
- To have a population of at most 50,000 within Russia.
Some of them, such as Soyots, were recognized only after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
These peoples subject to benefits according to a number of laws aimed at preservation and support of these ethnicities.
Ten of these peoples count less than 1,000 and 11 of them live beyond the Arctic Circle.
Far North
Far North is the part of Russia which lies mainly beyond the Arctic Circle.
- Ainus (Айны): Kamchatka Krai, Sakhalin Oblast
- Aleuts (Алеуты): Kamchatka Krai
- Alyutors (Алюторцы): Kamchatka Krai
- Chukchis (чукчи): Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Magadan Oblast, Kamchatka Krai
- Chuvans (чуванцы): Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Magadan Oblast
- Dolgans (долганы): Krasnoyarsk Krai, Sakha Republic
- Enets (*) (энцы) (Yenets, Russian plural: Entsy, obsolete: Yenisei Samoyeds, Yenisei Ostyak, Kets): Krasnoyarsk Krai
- Siberian Yupik (Yuit, Yupigyt, эскимосы): Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
- Itelmens (ительмены): Kamchatka Krai, Magadan Oblast
- Kamchadals (камчадалы, a general term for mixed population of Kamchatka Peninsula): Kamchatka Krai
- Kereks (кереки): Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
- Komi peoples formerly known as Komi-Izhemtsy, Izhma Komi (Коми-ижемцы, alt. name: Izvataz): north of the Komi Republic
- Koryaks (коряки): Kamchatka Krai, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Magadan Oblast
- Nenets (*) (Russian plural: Nentsy, old Russian name Samoyeds) (ненцы): Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Komi Republic
- Nganasans (Tavgi) (нганасаны): Krasnoyarsk Krai
- Sami (old Russian name Lopars, i.e., Lapp) (саамы, саамы): Murmansk Oblast
- Veps (*) (вепсы): Republic of Karelia, Leningrad Oblast
- Yukaghirs (юкагиры): Sakha Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Magadan Oblast
Central Siberia
- Chulyms (чулымцы): Krasnoyarsk Krai
- Evenks (obsolete: Tungus) (эвенки): Sakha Republic, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Khabarovsk Krai, Amur Oblast, Sakhalin Oblast, Buryat Republic, Irkutsk Oblast, Chita Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, Tyumen Oblast
- Evens (эвены) (obsolete: Lamuts (ламуты)): Sakha Republic, Khabarovsk Krai, Magadan Oblast, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Krai
- Kets (кеты): Krasnoyarsk Krai
- Khantys (Ostyaks, obsolete) (ханты)
- Mansi (Voguls, obsolete) (манси): Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen Oblast, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Komi Republic
- Selkups (селькупы): Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen Oblast, Tomsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai
- Teleuts (телеуты): Kemerovo Oblast
Far East
- Nanais (Russian plural: Nanaitsy) (нанайцы): Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai, Sakhalin Oblast
- Negidals (негидальцы): Khabarovsk Krai
- Nivkh people (нивхи): Khabarovsk Krai, Sakhalin Oblast
- Oroch people (орочи): Khabarovsk Krai
- Orok people (Ulta, Uilta) (ороки, ульта): Sakhalin Oblast
- Taz people (тазы): Primorsky Krai
- Udege people (удэгейцы): Primorsky Krai, Khabarovsk Krai
- Ulch people (*) (ульчи): Khabarovsk Krai
Southern Siberia
- Kumandins (кумандинцы): Altai Krai, Altai Republic, Kemerovo Oblast
- Chelkans (челканцы): Altai Republic
- Shorians (шорцы): Kemerovo Oblast, Republic of Khakassia, Altai Republic
- Soyots (сойоты): Buryat Republic
- Telengits (теленгиты): Altai Republic
- Tofalars (тофалары): Irkutsk Oblast
- Tubalars (тубалары): Altai Republic
- Tuvans-Todzhins (Tuvintses-Todjintses, тувинцы-тоджинцы): Tuva Republic
Peoples of Dagestan with population less than 50,000
According to a 2000 decree of the government of Russian Federation,[1] Dagestan was supposed to compile their own list of small-numbered Indigenous peoples, to be included in the overall List of small-numbered Indigenous peoples of Russia The peoples below fall under the criteria of the decree, but were not included into the list in 2000.
Tiny groups
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There are about 40 other tiny ethnic groups in Dagestan, with total number of less than 40,000.
- Andis
- Akhvakh
- Archins
- Bagvalals
- Bezhta
- Botlikhs
- Chamalals
- Godoberi
- Hinukh
- Hunzibs
- Khwarshi
- Karata
- Tindis
- Tsez
Other
- Abazins (абазины): Karachay–Cherkessia
- Ainu: Sakhalin Oblast, Khabarovsk Krai and Kamchatka Krai
- Besermyan (бесермяне): Udmurt Republic
- Izhorians (ижорцы): Leningrad Oblast
- Karelians (карелы): titular nation of the Republic of Karelia
- Nagaybaks (нагайбаки): Chelyabinsk Oblast and Republic of Bashkortostan
- Setos (Сету): Pskov Oblast[citation needed]
- Shapsugs (шапсуги): Krasnodar Krai
- Votes (Водь): Leningrad Oblast
- Qaratay (каратаи): Republic of Tatarstan (no official recognition)
Demographics
Median Age
Most peoples with smaller populations have median ages that are considerably lower than the Russian average. The below table is taken from the Russian census of 2002. For example, the median age of ethnic Russians was 37.6 years, while that of Yuraq Samoyeds was 26.2 years.
| Ethnic Group | Total | Male | Female | Urban | Ur.Male | Ur.Female | Rural | R.Male | R.Female |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yuraq Samoyed (Nenet) | 26.2 | 24.6 | 27.6 | 25.7 | 23.1 | 27.4 | 26.3 | 24.8 | 27.7 |
| Tavgi Samoyed (Nganassan) | 26.6 | 25.8 | 27.2 | 24.2 | 22.1 | 25.4 | 27.1 | 26.5 | 27.7 |
| Chukchi | 26.6 | 25.1 | 27.9 | 25.1 | 22.5 | 26.9 | 26.9 | 25.6 | 28.1 |
| Taimyr Samoyed (Dolgan) | 26.7 | 25.1 | 28.0 | 26.0 | 23.2 | 27.6 | 26.8 | 25.4 | 28.1 |
| Ostyak | 26.8 | 24.9 | 28.3 | 27.1 | 24.5 | 28.9 | 26.6 | 25.1 | 28.1 |
| Yenisei Samoyed (Enet) | 27.0 | 25.5 | 28.4 | 30.4 | 20.0 | 35.6 | 26.5 | 26.0 | 27.0 |
| Todzhin | 27.3 | 26.8 | 27.7 | 32.5 | 45.0 | 7.5 | 27.3 | 26.8 | 27.7 |
| Yup'ik | 27.3 | 25.5 | 28.9 | 26.2 | 23.3 | 28.3 | 27.7 | 26.1 | 29.2 |
| Koryaks | 27.4 | 26.3 | 28.5 | 25.4 | 23.0 | 27.2 | 28.3 | 27.4 | 29.0 |
| Sayan Samoyed (Karagas/Tofalar) | 27.5 | 27.1 | 28.0 | 28.9 | 25.4 | 33.6 | 27.4 | 27.2 | 27.7 |
| Vogul | 27.6 | 25.2 | 29.5 | 27.4 | 24.3 | 29.6 | 27.8 | 26.0 | 29.3 |
| Yukaghir | 27.6 | 25.8 | 29.2 | 28.1 | 25.4 | 30.6 | 27.2 | 26.2 | 28.2 |
| Telengit | 27.9 | 26.5 | 29.3 | 25.3 | 25.4 | 25.3 | 28.0 | 26.6 | 29.5 |
| Evenks | 28.0 | 26.5 | 29.3 | 28.1 | 26.1 | 29.8 | 27.9 | 26.6 | 29.1 |
| Soyots | 28.0 | 26.6 | 29.5 | 25.5 | 23.6 | 27.1 | 28.3 | 26.9 | 29.7 |
| Evens | 28.1 | 25.6 | 30.0 | 28.4 | 24.6 | 30.4 | 28.0 | 25.9 | 29.7 |
| Yenisei Ostyak (Ket) | 28.1 | 25.9 | 30.3 | 30.5 | 25.6 | 32.8 | 27.7 | 25.9 | 29.5 |
| Gilyak (Nivkh) | 28.3 | 26.4 | 30.0 | 29.1 | 26.6 | 31.1 | 27.7 | 26.2 | 29.1 |
| Oroks | 28.4 | 27.1 | 29.7 | 28.6 | 27.8 | 29.5 | 28.0 | 26.1 | 30.0 |
| Oroch | 28.8 | 27.4 | 30.1 | 28.3 | 23.2 | 32.8 | 29.1 | 29.6 | 28.7 |
| Chuvans | 29.2 | 27.6 | 30.5 | 30.4 | 28.0 | 31.8 | 28.7 | 27.4 | 29.9 |
| Goldyak (Nanai) | 30.1 | 28.9 | 31.1 | 31.7 | 30.5 | 32.6 | 29.4 | 28.3 | 30.5 |
| Udihe | 30.1 | 28.5 | 31.6 | 30.6 | 29.1 | 31.5 | 30.0 | 28.4 | 31.7 |
| Ulch | 30.3 | 27.5 | 32.7 | 37.2 | 31.8 | 40.8 | 29.1 | 26.8 | 31.1 |
| Ostyak Samoyed (Selkup) | 30.4 | 28.8 | 31.9 | 33.2 | 31.0 | 35.1 | 29.9 | 28.5 | 31.3 |
| Negidal | 30.5 | 26.8 | 33.5 | 33.5 | 29.5 | 36.1 | 29.6 | 26.1 | 32.6 |
| Itel | 30.7 | 28.0 | 33.0 | 30.6 | 27.2 | 33.4 | 30.7 | 28.4 | 32.8 |
| Chelkan | 31.0 | 29.7 | 32.0 | 30.7 | 28.8 | 32.7 | 31.1 | 29.9 | 31.9 |
| Tubalar | 32.1 | 31.1 | 33.1 | 34.1 | 32.1 | 35.7 | 31.9 | 31.0 | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_minor_Indigenous_peoples_of_Russia