University of Wisconsin–Madison

Latin: Universitas Wisconsinensis
Former names	University of Wisconsin (1848–1971)
Motto	Numen Lumen[1] (Latin)
Motto in English	"The divine within the universe, however manifested, is my light" or "God, our light"
Type	Public land-grant research university
Established	July 26, 1848; 175 years ago (July 26, 1848)
Parent institution	University of Wisconsin System
Accreditation	HLC
Academic affiliation	AAU ORAU URA Sea-grant
Endowment	$4.0 billion (2021)[2]
Budget	$4.3 billion (2023)[3]
Chancellor	Jennifer L. Mnookin
Provost	Charles Lee Isbell Jr.
Academic staff	2,220[4]
Total staff	24,232[5]
Students	49,886 (fall 2022)[6]
Undergraduates	37,235 (fall 2022)[6]
Postgraduates	12,651 (fall 2022)[6]
Location	Madison , Wisconsin , United States 43°04′30″N 89°25′02″W / 43.0750°N 89.4172°W / 43.0750; -89.4172
Campus	Large city[7], 938 acres (380 ha)
Newspaper	The Daily Cardinal The Badger Herald
Colors	Cardinal and white[8]
Nickname	Badgers
Sporting affiliations	NCAA Division I FBS – Big Ten WCHA EARC
Mascot	Bucky Badger
Website	www.wisc.edu

The University of Wisconsin–Madison (University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, UW, UW–Madison, or simply Madison) is a public land-grant research university in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. Founded when Wisconsin achieved statehood in 1848, UW–Madison is the official state university of Wisconsin and the flagship campus of the University of Wisconsin System. It was the first public university established in Wisconsin and remains the oldest and largest public university in the state. UW–Madison became a land-grant institution in 1866.^[9] The 933-acre (378 ha) main campus, located on the shores of Lake Mendota, includes four National Historic Landmarks.^[10] The university also owns and operates the 1,200-acre (486 ha) University of Wisconsin–Madison Arboretum, located 4 miles (6.4 km) south of the main campus, which is also a National Historic Landmark.^[11][12]

UW–Madison is organized into 13 schools and colleges, which enrolled 35,184 undergraduate, 9,993 graduate, 2,046 special, and 2,663 professional students in 2022.^[13] Its academic programs include 136 undergraduate majors, 148 master's degree programs, and 120 doctoral programs.^[4][14]

Wisconsin is one of the twelve founding members of the Association of American Universities, a selective group of major research universities in North America.^[15] It is considered a Public Ivy,^[16] and is classified as an R1 University.^[17] UW–Madison was also the home of both the prominent "Wisconsin School" of economics and diplomatic history. The National Science Foundation ranked UW–Madison 8th among American universities for research and development expenditures in 2022 with $1.52 billion.^[18][19] As of March 2023^[update], 20 Nobel laureates, 41 Pulitzer Prize winners, 2 Fields medalists, and 1 Turing Award recipient have been affiliated with UW–Madison as alumni, faculty, or researchers. It is also a leading producer of Fulbright Scholars and MacArthur Fellows.^[20] As of November 2018^[update], 14 CEOs of Fortune 500 companies attended UW–Madison, the most of any university in the nation.^[21]

The Wisconsin Badgers compete in 25 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA Division I Big Ten Conference and have won 31 national championships. Wisconsin students and alumni have won 50 Olympic medals (including 13 gold medals).^[22]

History

Beginnings and formative years

The university had its official beginnings when the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature in its 1838 session passed a law incorporating a "University of the Territory of Wisconsin", and a high-ranking Board of Visitors was appointed. However, this body (the predecessor of the U.W. board of regents) never actually accomplished anything before Wisconsin was incorporated as a state in 1848.^[23]

The Wisconsin Constitution provided for "the establishment of a state university, at or near the seat of state government..." and directed by the state legislature to be governed by a board of regents and administered by a Chancellor. On July 26, 1848, Nelson Dewey, Wisconsin's first governor, signed the act that formally created the University of Wisconsin.^[24] John H. Lathrop became the university's first chancellor, in the fall of 1849.^[25] With John W. Sterling as the university's first professor (mathematics), the first class of 17 students met at Madison Female Academy on February 5, 1849.

A permanent campus site was soon selected: an area of 50 acres (20.2 ha) "bounded north by Fourth lake, east by a street to be opened at right angles with King street", "south by Mineral Point Road (University Avenue), and west by a carriage-way from said road to the lake." The regents' building plans called for a "main edifice fronting towards the Capitol, three stories high, surmounted by an observatory for astronomical observations."^[27] This building, University Hall, now known as Bascom Hall, was finally completed in 1859. On October 10, 1916, a fire destroyed the building's dome, which was never replaced. North Hall, constructed in 1851, was actually the first building on campus. In 1854, Levi Booth and Charles T. Wakeley became the first graduates of the university, and in 1892 the university awarded its first PhD to future university president Charles R. Van Hise.^[28]

The Wisconsin Idea

Research, teaching, and service at the UW is influenced by a tradition known as "the Wisconsin Idea", first articulated by UW–Madison President Charles Van Hise in 1904, when he declared "I shall never be content until the beneficent influence of the University reaches every home in the state."^[29] The Wisconsin Idea holds that the boundaries of the university should be the boundaries of the state, and that the research conducted at UW–Madison should be applied to solve problems and improve health, quality of life, the environment, and agriculture for all citizens of the state. The Wisconsin Idea permeates the university's work and helps forge close working relationships among university faculty and students, and the state's industries and government.^[30] Based in Wisconsin's populist history, the Wisconsin Idea continues to inspire the work of the faculty, staff, and students who aim to solve real-world problems by working together across disciplines and demographics.^[31]

World War II

During World War II, University of Wisconsin was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission.^[32]

Expansion

Over time, additional campuses were added to the university. The University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee was created in 1956, and UW–Green Bay and UW–Parkside in 1968. Ten freshman-sophomore centers were also added to this system.^[33] In 1971, Wisconsin legislators passed a law merging the University of Wisconsin with the nine universities and four freshman-sophomore branch campuses of the Wisconsin State Universities System, creating the University of Wisconsin System and bringing the two higher education systems under a single board of regents.

Student activism

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, UW–Madison was shaken by a series of student protests, and by the use of force by authorities in response, comprehensively documented in the film The War at Home. The first major demonstrations protested the presence on campus of recruiters for the Dow Chemical Company, which supplied the napalm used in the Vietnam War. Authorities used force to quell the disturbance. The struggle was documented in the book, They Marched into Sunlight,^[34] as well as the PBS documentary Two Days in October.^[35] Among the students injured in the protest was former Madison mayor Paul Soglin.

Another target of protest was the Army Mathematics Research Center (AMRC) in Sterling Hall, which was also home of the physics department. The student newspaper, The Daily Cardinal, published a series of investigative articles stating that AMRC was pursuing research directly pursuant to US Department of Defense requests, and supportive of military operations in Vietnam. AMRC became a magnet for demonstrations, in which protesters chanted "U.S. out of Vietnam! Smash Army Math!"

On August 24, 1970, near 3:40 am, a bomb exploded next to Sterling Hall, aimed at destroying the Army Math Research Center.^[36] Despite the late hour, a post doctoral physics researcher, Robert Fassnacht, was in the lab and was killed in the explosion. The physics department was severely damaged, while the intended target, the AMRC, was scarcely affected. Karleton Armstrong, Dwight Armstrong, and David Fine were found responsible for the blast. Leo Burt was identified as a suspect, but was never apprehended or tried.^[37]

Timeline of notable events

Notable moments in the history of the University of Wisconsin–Madison include:

• 1848 on July 26, act creating the university signed by the governor^[24]
• 1849 on February 5, the first class meets^[24]
• 1863 Female students first admitted to University of Wisconsin during the American Civil War^[38][39][40]
• 1866 State legislature designated the university as the Wisconsin land-grant institution^[24]
• 1875 William Smith Noland is the first known African-American to graduate from the university.^[24][41]
• 1888 Science Hall is constructed, one of the world's first buildings to use I-beams^[42]
• 1892 on April 4, the first edition of the student-run The Daily Cardinal was published^[43]
• 1894 State Board of Regents rejected an effort to purge Professor Richard T. Ely for supporting striking printers, issuing the famous "sifting and winnowing" manifesto in defense of academic freedom, later described as "part of Wisconsin's Magna Carta"^[44]
• 1904–1905 UW Graduate School established^[24]
• 1905 the university awards the first PhD in chemical engineering ever granted, to Oliver Patterson Watts.^{[citation needed]}
• 1907 Wisconsin Union was founded^[24]
• 1909 William Purdy and Paul Beck wrote On, Wisconsin the UW–Madison athletic fight song^[45]
• 1907–1911 The "Single-grain experiment" was conducted by Stephen Moulton Babcock and Edwin B. Hart, paving the way for modern nutrition as a science
• 1913 Vitamin A discovered by Elmer V. McCollum and Marguerite Davis^[24]
• 1916 Vitamin B discovered by McCollum and Davis
• 1919 Radio station 9XM founded on campus (now WHA (970 AM), it is the oldest continually operating radio station in the United States)^[24]
• 1923 Harry Steenbock invented process for adding vitamin D to milk
• 1925 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation chartered to control patenting and patent income on UW–Madison inventions^[24]
• 1934 The University of Wisconsin–Madison Arboretum, whose mission was to restore lost landscapes, such as prairies, was opened
• 1936 UW–Madison began an artist-in-residence program, the first ever at a university, with John Steuart Curry^[24]
• 1940–1951 Warfarin (Coumadin) developed at UW. Named after Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
• 1969 Two sticks of dynamite were detonated outside the Administration Building, shattering over 700 windows and creating a crater in the reinforced concrete floor of the entranceway. There were no casualties, and no one claimed responsibility for the explosion.^[46]
• 1969 The Badger Herald was founded as a conservative student paper
• 1969 UW–Madison's Howard Temin (Virologist) co-discovers the enzyme reverse transcriptase
• 1970 Sterling Hall bombing^[24]
• 1984 University Research Park founded to encourage technology transfer between university and businesses
• 1998 UW–Madison's James Thomson first isolated and cultured human embryonic stem cells^[24]
• 2020 In response to an ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 and amidst a statewide public health emergency declaration, UW–Madison suspends in-person instruction from March 23 until at least the end of the summer term, shifting courses online and drastically reducing campus operations.^[47]

Admissions

Undergraduate

Undergraduate admissions statistics
2023 entering class[48]Change vs. 2018
Admit rate	43.3% ( −8.4)
Yield rate	28.9% ( −2.2)
Test scores middle 50%
SAT Total	1370-1500 (among 18% of FTFs for Fall 2022)
ACT Composite	28-33 (among 38% of FTFs for Fall 2022)
High school GPA
Average	3.88 (Fall 2022)

The Princeton Review ranked the University of Wisconsin–Madison's undergraduate admissions selectivity a 92/99.^[49] The 2022 annual ranking of U.S. News & World Report categorizes UW–Madison as "more selective".^[50] For the Class of 2027 (enrolled Fall 2023), UW–Madison received 63,537 applications and accepted 27,527 (43.3%). Of those accepted, 7,966 enrolled, for a total yield rate (the percentage of accepted students who choose to attend the university) of 28.9%. UW–Madison's freshman retention rate is 94.2%, with 89.2% going on to graduate within six years.^[51]

The university started test-optional admissions with the Fall 2021 incoming class in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and has extended this through Fall 2024. Of the 38% of enrolled freshmen in 2022 who submitted ACT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite score was between 28 and 33.^[51] Of the 18% of the incoming freshman class who submitted SAT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite scores were 1370–1500.^[51] The average unweighted GPA among enrolled freshman was 3.88.^[51]

Admission is need-blind for domestic applicants.^[52] The University of Wisconsin–Madison is a college-sponsor of the National Merit Scholarship Program and sponsored 10 Merit Scholarship awards in 2020. In the 2020–2021 academic year, 30 freshman students were National Merit Scholars.^[53]

Academics

The University of Wisconsin–Madison, the flagship campus of the University of Wisconsin System, is a large, four-year research university comprising twenty associated colleges and schools.^[17] In addition to undergraduate and graduate divisions in agriculture and life sciences, business, education, engineering, human ecology, journalism and mass communication, letters and science, music, nursing, pharmacy, and social welfare, the university also maintains graduate and professional schools in environmental studies, law, library and information studies, medicine and public health (School of Medicine and Public Health), public affairs, and veterinary medicine.

The four year, full-time undergraduate instructional program is classified by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching as "arts and science plus professions" with a high graduate coexistence.^[17] The largest university college, the College of Letters and Science, enrolls approximately half of the undergraduate student body and is made up of 38 departments and five professional schools^[58] that instruct students and carry out research in a wide variety of fields, such as astronomy, economics, geography, history, linguistics, and zoology. The graduate instructional program is classified by Carnegie as "comprehensive with medical/veterinary." In 2008, it granted the third largest number of doctorates in the nation.^[17][59]

Rankings

International

UW–Madison was ranked 35th among world universities in 2022 by the Academic Ranking of World Universities, which assesses academic and research performance.^[70] In the 2024 QS World University Rankings, UW–Madison was ranked 102nd in the world.^[71] The 2024 Times Higher Education World University Rankings placed UW–Madison 63rd worldwide, based primarily on surveys administered to students, faculty, and recruiters.^[72] For 2023, UW–Madison was ranked 63rd by U.S. News & World Report among global universities.^[73] In 2023, UW–Madison was ranked 28th globally by the Center for World University Rankings, which relies on outcome-based samplings, coupled with a Subject ranking in 227 subject categories.^[74]

National

UW–Madison's undergraduate program was ranked tied for 35th among national universities by U.S. News & World Report for 2024 and tied for 12th among public colleges and universities.^[75] Poets&Quants ranked the Wisconsin School of Business undergraduate program 22nd in the nation, up 10 positions from 2022, and top 10 among public universities.^[76] Other graduate schools ranked by USNWR for 2022 include the School of Medicine and Public Health, which was 33rd in research and 12th in primary care, the University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Education tied for fourth, the University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering tied for 26th, the University of Wisconsin Law School tied for 29th, and the Robert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs tied for 25th.^[75]

The Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education College Rankings 2022 ranked UW–Madison 58th among 801 U.S. colleges and universities based upon 15 individual performance indicators.^[77] UW–Madison was ranked eleventh in the nation and second among public universities by the Washington Monthly 2023 National University Rankings.^[78]

In 2023, Money.com gave the University of Wisconsin–Madison 5 out of 5 stars among four-year colleges and universities in their Best Colleges in America list.^[79]

Research

UW–Madison was a founding member of the Association of American Universities.^[81] In fiscal year 2022, the school received $1.524 billion in research and development (R&D) funding, placing it eighth in the U.S. among institutions of higher education.^[18] Its research programs were fourth in the number of patents issued in 2010.^[82]

The University of Wisconsin–Madison is one of 33 sea grant colleges in the United States. These colleges are involved in scientific research, education, training, and extension projects geared toward the conservation and practical use of U.S. coasts, the Great Lakes and other marine areas.

The university maintains almost 100 research centers and programs, ranging from agriculture to arts, from education to engineering.^[83] It has been considered a major academic center for embryonic stem cell research ever since UW–Madison professor James Thomson became the first scientist to isolate human embryonic stem cells. This has brought significant attention and respect for the university's research programs from around the world. The university continues to be a leader in stem cell research, helped in part by the funding of the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation and promotion of WiCell.^[84]

Its center for research on internal combustion engines, called the Engine Research Center, has a five-year collaboration agreement with General Motors.^[85] It has also been the recipient of multimillion-dollar funding from the federal government.^[86]

The Department of Engineering Physics conducts research to advance the scientific and technical basis for magnetic fusion energy. They have over 20 current graduate students and recruit new students annually. Their research includes non-inductive startup techniques, investigation of ion gyro-scale turbulent instabilities and dynamics, understanding core-edge coupling, and development of diagnostic systems.^[87] The UW also hosts the Helically Symmetric Experiment (HSX), which is a modular coil stellarator.^[88]

In June 2013, it is reported that the United States National Institutes of Health would fund an $18.13 million study at the University of Wisconsin. The study will research lethal qualities of viruses such as Ebola, West Nile and influenza. The goal of the study is to help find new drugs to fight off the most lethal pathogens.^[89]

In 2012, UW–Madison experiments on cats came under fire from People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals who claimed the animals were abused. In 2013, the NIH briefly suspended the research's funding pending an agency investigation. The following year the university was fined more than $35,000 for several violations of the Animal Welfare Act. Bill Maher, James Cromwell and others spoke out against the experiments that ended in 2014. The university defended the research and the care the animals received claiming that PETA's objections were merely a "stunt" by the organization.^[90][91][92]

Big Ten Academic Alliance

The University of Wisconsin is a participant in the Big Ten Academic Alliance. The Big Ten Academic Alliance (BTAA) is the academic consortium of the universities in the Big Ten Conference. Students at participating schools are allowed "in-house" borrowing privileges at other schools' libraries.^[93] The BTAA uses collective purchasing and licensing, and has saved member institutions $19 million to date.^[94] Course sharing,^[95] professional development programs,^[96] study abroad and international collaborations,^[97] and other initiatives are also part of the BTAA.

College of Agricultural and Life Sciences

The College of Agricultural and Life Sciences fulfills the UW–Madison's mission as a land-grant university, which dates back to 1862, when Congress passed legislation to establish a national network of colleges devoted to agriculture and mechanics and Wisconsin received 240,000 acres of allotted federal land.^[98] Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=University_of_Wisconsin
Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.