A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
Union County | |
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Coordinates: 40°39′N 74°17′W / 40.65°N 74.29°W | |
Country | United States |
State | New Jersey |
Founded | 1857[1] |
Named for | Union threatened by slavery dispute[2] |
Seat | Elizabeth[3] |
Largest city | Elizabeth (population and area) |
Government | |
• Commission Chair | Sergio Granados (D, term ends December 31, 2025) |
Area | |
• Total | 105.41 sq mi (273.0 km2) |
• Land | 102.77 sq mi (266.2 km2) |
• Water | 2.64 sq mi (6.8 km2) 2.5% |
Population | |
• Total | 575,345 |
• Estimate | 572,726 |
• Density | 5,593.5/sq mi (2,159.7/km2) |
Congressional districts | 7th, 8th, 10th, 12th |
Website | www |
Union County is a county in the northern part of the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the county was the state's seventh-most-populous county[8] with a population of 575,345,[5][6] its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 38,846 (+7.2%) from the 2010 census count of 536,499.[9] Its county seat is Elizabeth,[3] which is also the most populous municipality in the county, with a 2020 census population of 137,298,[6] and the largest by area, covering 13.46 square miles (34.9 km2).[10] The county serves as a transition point between the Central Jersey and North Jersey regions of the state.[11][12]
In 2015, the county had a per capita personal income of $60,089, the seventh-highest in New Jersey and ranked 152nd of 3,113 counties in the United States.[13][14] The Bureau of Economic Analysis ranked the county as having the 119th-highest per capita income of all 3,113 counties in the United States (and the eighth-highest in New Jersey) in 2009.[15] A study by Forbes.com determined that Union County residents pay the second-highest property taxes of all U.S. counties, based on 2007 data.[16]
With a population density of 4,955 inhabitants per square mile (1,913/km2) in 2000, Union County was the 15th-most densely populated county in the United States as of the 2010 Census, and third-densest in New Jersey, behind Hudson County (ranked 6th nationwide at 9,754 per square mile) and Essex County (ranked 11th at 6,126).[17][18]
History
Etymology
Established in 1857 as the last county created in New Jersey, it was named after the Union threatened by slavery dispute during this period, which would erupt into civil war in 1861.
History
All of present-day Union County was part of the Elizabethtown Tract, which was purchased in 1664, by English colonists from the Lenape Native Americans that lived in the area of present-day Elizabeth, New Jersey. Union County was formed on March 19, 1857, from portions of Essex County; it was the last of New Jersey's 21 counties to be established.[1]
Many historic places and structures are to be found in the county, including on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Union County, New Jersey.[19]
In the fall, Union County holds its annual "Four Centuries in a Weekend" festival for the public, celebrating and touring historic buildings, museums and sites in the county.[20]
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of the 2020 Census, the county had a total area of 105.41 square miles (273.0 km2), of which 102.77 square miles (266.2 km2) was land (97.5%) and 2.64 square miles (6.8 km2) was water (2.5%).[4]
Much of Union County is relatively flat and low-lying. Only in the northwestern corner does any significant relief appear as the Watchung Mountains cross the county. It is there that highest elevations, two areas approximately 560 feet (170 m) above sea level, are found in Berkeley Heights.[21] The lowest elevation is sea level along the eastern shore at the Arthur Kill.
Rivers, lakes and streams
- Arthur Kill
- Rahway River
- Elizabeth River
- Nomahegan Brook
- Marshes Creek
- Morses Creek
- Peach Orchard Brook
- Robinson's Brook
- Robinson's Branch Reservoir
Climate and weather
Elizabeth, New Jersey | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In recent years,[when?] average temperatures in the county seat of Elizabeth have ranged from a low of 24 °F (−4 °C) in January to a high of 86 °F (30 °C) in July, although a record low of −14 °F (−26 °C) was recorded in February 1934 and a record high of 105 °F (41 °C) was recorded in July 1993. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 2.99 inches (76 mm) in February to 4.76 inches (121 mm) in July.[22] In Berkeley Heights average monthly temperatures range from 29.4 °F in January to 74.7 °F in July. The climate in the county is hot-summer humid continental (Dfa) in the west and humid subtropical (Cfa) in the east. The hardiness zone is 7a west of the Garden State Parkway and 7b to the east.
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1860 | 27,780 | — | |
1870 | 41,859 | 50.7% | |
1880 | 55,571 | 32.8% | |
1890 | 72,467 | 30.4% | |
1900 | 99,353 | 37.1% | |
1910 | 140,197 | 41.1% | |
1920 | 200,157 | 42.8% | |
1930 | 305,209 | 52.5% | |
1940 | 328,344 | 7.6% | |
1950 | 398,138 | 21.3% | |
1960 | 504,255 | 26.7% | |
1970 | 543,116 | 7.7% | |
1980 | 504,094 | −7.2% | |
1990 | 493,819 | −2.0% | |
2000 | 522,541 | 5.8% | |
2010 | 536,499 | 2.7% | |
2020 | 575,345 | 7.2% | |
2023 (est.) | 572,726 | [5][7] | −0.5% |
Historical sources: 1790–1990[23] 1970–2010[10] 2000[24] 2010[9] 2000–2010[25] 2010-2020[5][6] |
Union County is ethnically diverse. Berkeley Heights, Clark, Roselle Park, Cranford, Kenilworth, Linden, New Providence, Scotch Plains, Springfield, Summit, Union and Westfield have high percentages of Italian American residents. Elizabeth, Plainfield, Rahway, Roselle and Union all have large African American communities. Roselle Park has a notably large Indian American community, while Roselle Park, Roselle, Linden, Rahway, Plainfield and particularly Elizabeth have fast-growing Hispanic and Portuguese populations.[citation needed]
The county's Jewish population was 35,000 as of 2004, with notable communities located in Cranford, Elizabeth, Hillside, Linden, Scotch Plains, Springfield, Union, and Westfield.[26]
2020 census
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop. 2010[27] | Pop. 2020[28] | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH) | 243,312 | 211,245 | 45.35% | 36.72% |
Black or African American alone (NH) | 111,705 | 112,261 | 20.82% | 19.51% |
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 546
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