Shaw Prize
The obverse of the Shaw Prize medal
Awarded for	Outstanding contributions in astronomy, life science and medicine, and mathematical sciences
Reward(s)	USD$1.2 million
First awarded	2004
Website	www.shawprize.org

The Shaw Prize refers to three annual awards presented by the Shaw Prize Foundation in the fields of astronomy, medicine and life sciences, and mathematical sciences. Established in 2002 in Hong Kong^[1] by Hong Kong entertainment mogul and philanthropist Run Run Shaw (邵逸夫),^[2] the awards honour "individuals who are currently active in their respective fields and who have recently achieved distinguished and significant advances, who have made outstanding contributions in academic and scientific research or applications, or who in other domains have achieved excellence."^[3] The prize has been described as the "Nobel of the East".^[4][5][6][7]

Award

The prize consists of three awards in the fields of astronomy, life science and medicine, and mathematical sciences; it is not awarded posthumously. Nominations are submitted by invited individuals beginning each year in September. Winners are announced in the summer and receive the award at a ceremony in early autumn. Each award consists of a gold medal, a certificate and USD$1.2 million (USD$1 million before 2015). The front of the medal bears a portrait of Shaw and the name of the prize in English and Traditional Chinese characters; the back bears the year, category, laureate's name and a quotation from the Chinese philosopher Xunzi "制天命而用之" (translated to English as "Grasp the law of nature and make use of it").^[8]

As of 2022, there have been 99 Shaw Laureates.^[9] 16 Nobel laureates - Jules A. Hoffmann, Bruce Beutler, Saul Perlmutter, Adam Riess, Shinya Yamanaka, Robert Lefkowitz, Brian Schmidt, Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, Michael W. Young, Kip Thorne, Rainer Weiss, Jim Peebles, Michel Mayor, Reinhard Genzel, and David Julius - are Shaw Laureates. The inaugural laureate of the Shaw Prize in Astronomy was Jim Peebles, honored for his contributions to cosmology. Two inaugural prizes were awarded for the Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine: Stanley Norman Cohen, Herbert Boyer and Yuet Wai Kan jointly won one of them for their research in DNA while physiologist Richard Doll won the other for his contribution to cancer epidemiology. Shiing-Shen Chern was awarded the inaugural Shaw Prize in Mathematical Sciences for his work on differential geometry.

Shaw Laureates

Astronomy

Year	Portrait	Laureate	Country	Rationale
2004		P. James E. Peebles	United States	For his groundbreaking contribution to cosmology. He laid the foundations for almost all modern investigations in cosmology, both theoretical and observational, transforming a highly speculative field into a precision science.[10][11]
2005		Geoffrey Marcy	United States	For finding and characterizing the orbits and masses of the first planets around other stars, thereby revolutionizing our understanding of the processes that form planets and planetary systems.[12][13]
		Michel Mayor	Switzerland
2006		Saul Perlmutter	United States	For discovering that the expansion rate of the universe is accelerating, implying in the simplest interpretation that the energy density of space is non-vanishing even in the absence of any matter and radiation.[14][15]
		Adam Riess	United States
		Brian Schmidt	Australia
2007		Peter Goldreich	United States	In recognition of his lifetime achievements in theoretical astrophysics and planetary sciences.[16][17]
2008		Reinhard Genzel	Germany	In recognition of his outstanding contributions in demonstrating that the Milky Way contains a supermassive black hole at its centre.[18][19]
2009		Frank H. Shu (徐遐生)	United States	In recognition of his outstanding life-time contributions in theoretical astronomy.[20][21]
2010		Charles L. Bennett	United States	For their leadership of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) experiment, which has enabled precise determinations of the fundamental cosmological parameters, including the geometry, age and composition of the universe.[22][23]
		Lyman A. Page Jr.	United States
		David N. Spergel	United States
2011		Enrico Costa	Italy	For their leadership of space missions that enabled the demonstration of the cosmological origin of gamma ray bursts, the brightest sources known in the universe.[24][25]
		Gerald J. Fishman	United States
2012		David Jewitt	United States	For their discovery and characterization of trans-Neptunian bodies, an archeological treasure dating back to the formation of the Solar System and the long-sought source of short period comets.[26][27]
		Jane Luu	United States
2013		Steven A. Balbus	United Kingdom	For their discovery and study of the magnetorotational instability, and for demonstrating that this instability leads to turbulence and is a viable mechanism for angular momentum transport in astrophysical accretion disks.[28][29]
		John F. Hawley	United States
2014		Daniel Eisenstein	United States	For their contributions to the measurements of features in the large-scale structure of galaxies used to constrain the cosmological model including baryon acoustic oscillations and redshift-space distortions.[30][31]
		Shaun Cole	United Kingdom
		John A. Peacock	United Kingdom
2015		William J. Borucki	United States	For his conceiving and leading the Kepler Mission, which greatly advanced knowledge of both extrasolar planetary systems and stellar interiors.[32][33]
2016		Ronald W. P. Drever	United Kingdom	For conceiving and designing the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), whose recent direct detection of gravitational waves opens a new window in astronomy, with the first remarkable discovery being the merger of a pair of stellar mass black holes.[34][35]
		Kip S. Thorne	United States
		Rainer Weiss	United States
2017		Simon D. M. White	Germany	For his contributions to understanding structure formation in the Universe. With powerful numerical simulations he has shown how small density fluctuations in the early Universe develop into galaxies and other nonlinear structures, strongly supporting a cosmology with a flat geometry, and dominated by dark matter and a cosmological constant.[36][37]
2018		Jean-Loup Puget	France	For his contributions to astronomy in the infrared to submillimetre spectral range. He detected the cosmic far-infrared background from past star-forming galaxies, and proposed aromatic hydrocarbon molecules as a constituent of interstellar matter. With the Planck space mission, he has dramatically advanced our knowledge of cosmology in the presence of interstellar matter foregrounds.[38][39]
2019		Edward C. Stone	United States	For his leadership in the Voyager project, which has, over the past four decades, transformed our understanding of the four giant planets and the outer Solar System, and has now begun to explore interstellar space.[40][41]
2020		Roger D. Blandford	United States	For his foundational contributions to theoretical astrophysics, especially concerning the fundamental understanding of active galactic nuclei, the formation and collimation of relativistic jets, the energy extraction mechanism from black holes, and the acceleration of particles in shocks and their relevant radiation mechanisms.[42][43]
2021		Victoria M. Kaspi	Canada	For their contributions to our understanding of magnetars, a class of highly magnetized neutron stars that are linked to a wide range of spectacular, transient astrophysical phenomena. Through the development of new and precise observational techniques, they confirmed the existence of neutron stars with ultra-strong magnetic fields and characterized their physical properties. Their work has established magnetars as a new and important class of astrophysical objects.[44][45]
		Chryssa Kouveliotou	United States
2022		Lennart Lindegren	Sweden	For their lifetime contributions to space astrometry, and in particular for their role in the conception and design of the European Space Agency’s Hipparcos and Gaia missions.[46][47]
		Michael Perryman	Ireland
2023		Matthew Bailes	Australia	For the discovery of fast radio bursts (FRBs).[48]
		Duncan Lorimer	United States
		Maura McLaughlin	United States

Life science and medicine

Year	Portrait	Laureate	Country	Rationale
2004		Stanley N. Cohen	United States	For their discoveries on DNA cloning and genetic engineering.[11][49]
		Herbert W. Boyer	United States
		Yuet-Wai Kan	United States	For his discoveries on DNA polymorphism and its influence on human genetics.[11][49]
2004		Richard Doll	United Kingdom	For his contribution to modern cancer epidemiology.[11][49]
2005		Michael Berridge	United Kingdom	For his discoveries on calcium signalling in the regulation of cellular activity.[50][51]
2006		Xiaodong Wang	United States	For his discovery of the biochemical basis of programmed cell death, a vital process that balances cell birth and defends against cancer.[52][53]
2007		Robert Lefkowitz	United States	For his relentless elucidation of the major receptor system that mediates the response of cells and organs to drugs and hormones.[54][55]
2008		Keith H. S. Campbell	United Kingdom	For their recent pivotal innovations in reversing the process of cell differentiation in mammals, a phenomenon which advances our knowledge of developmental biology and holds great promise for the treatment of human diseases and improvements in agriculture practices.[56][57]
		Ian Wilmut	United Kingdom
		Shinya Yamanaka	Japan
2009		Douglas L. Coleman	United States	For their work leading to the discovery of leptin, a hormone that regulates food intake and body weight.[58][59]
		Jeffrey M. Friedman	United States
2010		David Julius	United States	For his seminal discoveries of molecular mechanisms by which the skin senses painful stimuli and temperature and produces pain hypersensitivity.[60][61]
2011		Jules A. Hoffmann	France	For their discovery of the molecular mechanism of innate immunity, the first line of defense against pathogens.[62][63]
		Ruslan M. Medzhitov	United States
		Bruce A. Beutler	United States
2012		Franz-Ulrich Hartl	Germany	For their contributions to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of protein folding. Proper protein folding is essential for many cellular functions.[64][65]
		Arthur L. Horwich	United States
2013		Jeffrey C. Hall	United States	For their discovery of molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms.[66][67]
		Michael Rosbash	United States
		Michael W. Young	United States
2014		Kazutoshi Mori	Japan	For their discovery of the Unfolded Protein Response of the endoplasmic reticulum, a cell signalling pathway that controls organelle homeostasis and quality of protein export in eukaryotic cells.[68][69]
		Peter Walter	United States
2015		Bonnie L. Bassler	United States	For elucidating the molecular mechanism of quorum sensing, a process whereby bacteria communicate with each other and which offers innovative ways to interfere with bacterial pathogens or to modulate the microbiome for health applications.[70][71]
		E. Peter Greenberg	United States
2016		Adrian P. Bird	United Kingdom	For their discovery of the genes and the encoded proteins that recognize one chemical modification of the DNA of chromosomes that influences gene control as the basis of the developmental disorder Rett syndrome.[72][73]
		Huda Y. Zoghbi	United States
2017		Ian R. Gibbons	United States	For their discovery of microtubule-associated motor proteins: engines that power cellular and intracellular movements essential to the growth, division, and survival of human cells.[74][75]
		Ronald D. Vale	United States
2018		Mary-Claire King	United States	For her mapping the first breast cancer gene. Using mathematical modeling, King predicted and then demonstrated that breast cancer can be caused by a single gene. She mapped the gene which facilitated its cloning and has saved thousands of lives.[76][77]
2019		Maria Jasin	United States	For her work showing that localized double strand breaks in DNA stimulate recombination in mammalian cells. This seminal work was essential for and led directly to the tools enabling editing at specific sites in mammalian genomes.[78][79]
2020		Gero Miesenböck	Austria	For the development of optogenetics, a technology that has revolutionized neuroscience.[80][81]
		Peter Hegemann	Germany
		Georg Nagel	Germany
2021		Scott D. Emr	United States	For the landmark discovery of the ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport) pathway, which is essential in diverse processes involving membrane biology, including cell division, cell-surface receptor regulation, viral dissemination, and nerve axon pruning. These processes are central to life, health and disease.[82][83]
2022		Paul A. Negulescu	United States	For landmark discoveries of the molecular, biochemical, and functional defects underlying cystic fibrosis and the identification and development of medicines that reverse those defects and can treat most people affected by this disorder. Together, these discoveries and medicines are alleviating human suffering and saving lives.[84][85]
		Michael J. Welsh	United States
2023		Patrick Cramer	Germany	For pioneering structural biology that enabled visualisation, at the level of individual atoms, of the protein machines responsible for gene transcription, one of life’s fundamental processes. They revealed the mechanism underlying each step in gene transcription, how proper gene transcription promotes health, and how dysregulation causes disease.[48]
		Eva Nogales	Spain &  United States

Mathematical sciences

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Year	Portrait	Laureate	Country	Rationale
2004		Shiing-Shen Chern (陳省身)	China	For his initiation of the field of global differential geometry and his continued leadership of the field, resulting in beautiful developments that are at the centre of contemporary mathematics, with deep connections to topology, algebra and analysis, in short, to all major branches of mathematics of the last sixty years.[86][87]
2005		Andrew John Wiles	United Kingdom	For his proof of Fermat's Last Theorem.[88][89]
2006		David Mumford	United States	For David Mumford's contributions to mathematics, and to the new interdisciplinary fields of pattern theory and vision research; and for Wentsun Wu's contributions to the new interdisciplinary field of mathematics mechanization.[90][91]
		Wentsun Wu (吳文俊)	China
2007		Robert Langlands	United States	For initiating and developing a grand unifying vision of mathematics that connects prime numbers with symmetry.[92][93]