SM UB-18

	SM UB-45, a U-boat similar to UB-18
History
German Empire
Name	UB-18
Ordered	30 April 1915
Builder	Blohm & Voss, Hamburg
Yard number	248
Launched	21 August 1915
Completed	10 December 1915
Commissioned	11 December 1915
Fate	Rammed and sunk, 9 December 1917
General characteristics
Class and type	German Type UB II submarine
Displacement	263 t (259 long tons) surfaced; 292 t (287 long tons) submerged;
Length	36.13 m (118 ft 6 in) o/a; 27.13 m (89 ft) pressure hull;
Beam	4.36 m (14 ft 4 in) o/a; 3.85 m (13 ft) pressure hull;
Draught	3.70 m (12 ft 2 in)
Propulsion	1 × propeller shaft; 2 × four-stroke 6-cylinder diesel engine, 284 PS (209 kW; 280 bhp); 2 × electric motor, 280 PS (210 kW; 280 shp);
Speed	9.15 knots (16.95 km/h; 10.53 mph) surfaced; 5.81 knots (10.76 km/h; 6.69 mph) submerged;
Range	6,650 nmi (12,320 km; 7,650 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) surfaced; 45 nmi (83 km; 52 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged;
Test depth	50 m (160 ft)
Complement	2 officers, 21 men
Armament	2 × 50 cm (19.7 in) torpedo tubes; 4 × torpedoes (later 6); 1 × 5 cm SK L/40 gun;
Notes	45-second diving time
Service record
Part of:	Flanders Flotilla; 16 February 1916 – 9 December 1917;
Commanders:	Oblt.z.S. Franz Wäger; 11 December 1915 – 15 February 1916; Oblt.z.S. Otto Steinbrinck; 16 February – 27 October 1916; Oblt.z.S. Claus Lafrenz; 28 October 1916 – 7 July 1917; Oblt.z.S. Ulrich Meier; 8 July – 21 September 1917; Oblt.z.S. Georg Niemeyer; 22 September – 9 December 1917;
Operations:	31 patrols
Victories:	126 merchant ships sunk ; (129,783 GRT + Unknown GRT); 1 warship sunk ; (725 tons); 1 auxiliary warship sunk ; (1,058 GRT); 3 merchant ships damaged ; (3,217 GRT); 2 auxiliary warships damaged ; (4,359 GRT);

SM UB-18 was a German Type UB II submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. The U-boat was ordered on 30 April 1915 and launched on 21 August 1915. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy on 11 December 1915 as SM UB-18.^{[Note 1]} The submarine sank 128 ships in 31 patrols for a total of 130,841 GRT and 725 tons,^[3] making her the 17th most successful U-boat in both world wars. UB-18 was rammed by the trawler Ben Lawer and sunk in the English Channel at 49°17′N 5°47′W / 49.283°N 5.783°W / 49.283; -5.783 on 9 December 1917.^[2]

Design

A German Type UB II submarine, ‘’UB-18’’ had a displacement of 263 tonnes (259 long tons) when at the surface and 292 tonnes (287 long tons) while submerged. They had a length overall of 36.13 m (118 ft 6 in), a beam of 4.54 m (14 ft 11 in), and a draught of 3.70 m (12 ft 2 in). The submarine was powered by two Daimler six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines each producing 142 metric horsepower (104 kW; 140 shp) (a total of 284 metric horsepower (209 kW; 280 shp)), two Siemens-Schuckert electric motors producing 280 metric horsepower (210 kW; 280 shp), and one propeller shaft. She had a dive time of 45 seconds and was capable of operating at a depth of 50 metres (160 ft).^[2]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 9.15 knots (16.95 km/h; 10.53 mph) and a submerged speed of 5.81 knots (10.76 km/h; 6.69 mph). When submerged, she could operate for 45 nautical miles (83 km; 52 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph); when surfaced she could travel 6,650 nautical miles (12,320 km; 7,650 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph). UB-18 was fitted with two 50 centimetres (20 in) torpedo tubes in the bow, four torpedoes, and one 5 cm (2.0 in) Tk L/40 deck gun. Her complement was twenty-three crew members.^[2]

Service history

Oberleutnant zur See (Oblt.z.S.) Franz Wäger took command of UB-18 upon commissioning on 11 December 1915. Wäger handed over command to Oblt.z.S. Otto Steinbrinck,^{[Note 2]} who sailed her to Zeebrugge, arriving on 16 February, the first U-boat of the type to be based there.^[4]

1st War Patrol

At the end of February 1916, UB-18 left Zeebrugge for the approaches to Le Havre. On 26 February she launched a torpedo hitting the French steamer SS Charbutier, whose sinking was not observed. The attack on the French auxiliary minesweeper Au Revoir was more successful, sinking the 20-year-old ship of 1,058 GRT, killing 18 crew members. UB-18 returned to base arriving there 29 February 1916.^[4]

2nd War Patrol

On 4 March 1916 UB-18 provided flank cover for a German fleet sortie against the English east coast.^[4]

3rd War Patrol

From 7–11 March 1916, UB-18 operated against Allied shipping off Boulogne and Le Havre. On 8 March, she sunk a British steamer, SS Harmatris, and the following day, a Norwegian freighter, the Silius, and a French steamer, SS Louisane, fell victims to UB-18's torpedoes.^[4]

4th War Patrol

On 21 March 1916, UB-18 left Zeebrugge again for the Le Havre area, where she successfully attacked ships lying in the roads. Two ships, the British freighter SS Kelvinbank, and the Norwegian steamer SS Kannik were hit by torpedoes and sank. The two reloads did not show any hits. UB-18 returned to Zeebrugge, arriving on 29 March 1916. That day, the Flanders Flotilla was formed, and Steinbrinck was awarded the coveted Pour le Mérite order.^[5]

Loss

Sailing on her last patrol, she was seen off Start Point, Devon by SM U-84 on 4 December 1917, bound for the Western Approaches. Early on the morning of 9 December she inadvertently surfaced close to the trawler Ben Lawer, which was escorting a coal convoy. The trawler immediately rammed her just aft of the conning tower, sinking her; there were no survivors. The impact was substantial, with the Ben Lawer so badly damaged that she only just made port.^[6]

Summary of raiding history

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=SM_UB-18
Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.

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Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok.
Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.

Date	Name	Nationality	Tonnage^{[Note 3]}	Fate^[7]
26 February 1916	Au Revoir	French Navy	1,058	Sunk
8 March 1916	Harmatris	United Kingdom	4,863	Sunk
9 March 1916	Louisiane	France	5,109	Sunk
9 March 1916	Silius	Norway	1,559	Sunk
22 March 1916	Kelvinbank	United Kingdom	4,209	Sunk
23 March 1916	Kannik	Norway	2,397	Sunk
5 April 1916	Baus	Norway	1,287	Sunk
5 April 1916	Jeannette	France	160	Sunk
7 April 1916	Clyde	United Kingdom	204	Sunk
7 April 1916	Eemdijk	Netherlands	3,048	Damaged
25 April 1916	HMS E22	Royal Navy	725	Sunk
26 April 1916	Alfred	United Kingdom	24	Sunk
17 May 1916	Research	United Kingdom	44	Sunk
15 July 1916	Bertha	Norway	203	Sunk
15 July 1916	Dina	Netherlands	164	Sunk
17 July 1916	Gertrude	United Kingdom	57	Sunk
17 July 1916	Glance	United Kingdom	60	Sunk
17 July 1916	Loch Nevis	United Kingdom	58	Sunk
17 July 1916	Loch Tay	United Kingdom	44	Sunk
17 July 1916	V.M.G.	United Kingdom	59	Sunk
17 July 1916	Waverley	United Kingdom	59	Sunk
2 August 1916	G. C. Gradwell	United Kingdom	156	Sunk
2 August 1916	Margaret Sutton	United Kingdom	197	Sunk
2 August 1916	S.D.	United Kingdom	131	Sunk
3 August 1916	Badger	United Kingdom	89	Sunk
3 August 1916	Fortuna	United Kingdom	131	Sunk
3 August 1916	Ivo	United Kingdom	56	Damaged
3 August 1916	Jacques Cartier	France	259	Sunk
3 August 1916	Sphene	United Kingdom	740	Sunk
4 August 1916	Demaris	United Kingdom	98	Sunk
4 August 1916	Ermenilda	United Kingdom	94	Sunk
5 August 1916	Spiral	United Kingdom	1,342	Sunk
9 August 1916	Henri Elisa	France	822	Sunk
10 August 1916	Marie	France	784	Sunk
10 August 1916	Credo	Norway	728	Sunk
10 August 1916	Saint Pierre	France	149	Sunk
10 August 1916	Sora	Norway	1,052	Sunk
10 August 1916	Annette Marie	France	118	Sunk
3 September 1916	Netta	United Kingdom	370	Sunk
3 September 1916	Teesborough	United Kingdom	308	Sunk
5 September 1916	City of Ghent	United Kingdom	199	Sunk
5 September 1916	Marcel	Belgium	1,433	Sunk
8 September 1916	Gamen	Sweden	2,619	Sunk
9 September 1916	Georges Andre	France	229	Sunk
9 September 1916	Lodsen	Norway	1,247	Sunk
9 September 1916	Myosotis	France	64	Sunk
9 September 1916	HMS Carrigan Head	Royal Navy	4,201	Damaged
10 September 1916	Furu	Norway	2,029	Sunk
10 September 1916	Marechal De Villars	France	1,908	Sunk
10 September 1916	Polynesia	Norway	4,064	Sunk
11 September 1916	Assimacos	Greece	2,898	Sunk
11 September 1916	Kong Ring	Norway	1,611	Sunk
11 September 1916	Luis Vives	Spain	2,160	Sunk
12 September 1916	Antwerpen	Netherlands	7,955	Sunk
13 September 1916	Ariel	France	49	Sunk
13 September 1916	Hans Jensen	Denmark	1,824	Sunk
13 September 1916	J. N. Madvig	Denmark	1,762	Sunk
13 September 1916	Tolosa	Norway	1,833	Sunk
14 September 1916	Ethel	Norway	1,122	Sunk
20 October 1916	Cliburn	United Kingdom	440	Sunk
20 October 1916	The Duke	United Kingdom	376	Sunk

[1]

[2]

[Note 1]

[3]

[Note 2]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[Note 3]

[7]

History
SM UB-45, a U-boat similar to UB-18
German Empire
Name	UB-18
Ordered	30 April 1915^[1]
Builder	Blohm & Voss, Hamburg^[1]
Yard number	248^[1]
Launched	21 August 1915^[1]
Completed	10 December 1915^[1]
Commissioned	11 December 1915
Fate	Rammed and sunk, 9 December 1917
General characteristics ^[2]
Class and type	German Type UB II submarine
Displacement	263 t (259 long tons) surfaced 292 t (287 long tons) submerged
Length	36.13 m (118 ft 6 in) o/a 27.13 m (89 ft) pressure hull
Beam	4.36 m (14 ft 4 in) o/a 3.85 m (13 ft) pressure hull
Draught	3.70 m (12 ft 2 in)
Propulsion	1 × propeller shaft 2 × four-stroke 6-cylinder diesel engine, 284 PS (209 kW; 280 bhp) 2 × electric motor, 280 PS (210 kW; 280 shp)
Speed	9.15 knots (16.95 km/h; 10.53 mph) surfaced 5.81 knots (10.76 km/h; 6.69 mph) submerged
Range	6,650 nmi (12,320 km; 7,650 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) surfaced 45 nmi (83 km; 52 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth	50 m (160 ft)
Complement	2 officers, 21 men
Armament	2 × 50 cm (19.7 in) torpedo tubes 4 × torpedoes (later 6) 1 × 5 cm SK L/40 gun
Notes	45-second diving time
Service record
Part of:	Flanders Flotilla 16 February 1916 – 9 December 1917
Commanders:	Oblt.z.S. Franz Wäger 11 December 1915 – 15 February 1916 Oblt.z.S. Otto Steinbrinck 16 February – 27 October 1916 Oblt.z.S. Claus Lafrenz 28 October 1916 – 7 July 1917 Oblt.z.S. Ulrich Meier 8 July – 21 September 1917 Oblt.z.S. Georg Niemeyer 22 September – 9 December 1917
Operations:	31 patrols
Victories:	126 merchant ships sunk (129,783 GRT + Unknown GRT) 1 warship sunk (725 tons) 1 auxiliary warship sunk (1,058 GRT) 3 merchant ships damaged (3,217 GRT) 2 auxiliary warships damaged (4,359 GRT)