Police ranks of the United States

The United States police-rank model is generally quasi-military in structure.^[1]^[2] A uniform system of insignia based on that of the US Army and Marine Corps is used to help identify an officer's seniority.^[2]^[3]

Rank

Although the large and varied number of federal, state, and local police and sheriff's departments have different ranks, a general model, from highest to lowest rank, would be:

Chief of police/commissioner of police/superintendent/sheriff: The title commissioner of police is used mainly by large metropolitan departments, while chief of police is associated with small and medium-sized municipalities; both are typically appointed by a mayor or selected by the city council or commission. In some cities, a "commissioner" is a member of the board of officials in charge of the department, while a "chief" is the top uniformed officer answering to the commissioner or commission. In very large departments, such as the New York City Police Department, there may be several non-police officer deputies and assistant commissioners, some of whom outrank the chief of department and others on par with the uniformed chief. There may be a chief of operations who is second in command to the top-ranking chief. In contrast, sheriffs in the United States are usually elected officials, one in each county, who head the sheriff's department (or sheriff's office).^{[citation needed]}
Assistant chief of police/Undersheriff/assistant commissioner/assistant superintendent: Only seen in some departments. In New York City, assistant chiefs head borough commands.^{[citation needed]}
Deputy chief of police/deputy commissioner/deputy superintendent/chief deputy/Assistant Sheriff: The top subordinate of the chief of police, commissioner, superintendent, or sheriff; may or may not have a specific area of responsibility. In some places the undersheriff is the warden of the county jail. The New York City Sheriff's Office has five undersheriffs: each one is responsible for a borough of New York City, with the Sheriff of the City of New York overseeing all of them. In some Sheriff's Offices, the rank of Assistant Sheriff exists, below the Undersheriff, but still above Commander and other ranks.^{[citation needed]}
Inspector/commander:^[4] Sometimes have an insignia of a single star, analogous to brigadier generals, but in other areas wear a gold or silver eagle, similar to a colonel. "Inspector" is also used as a term for "detective" in the San Francisco Police Department but is two ranks above captain in the NYPD and the Philadelphia Police Department. In the NYPD, inspectors command divisions, which may be groups of precincts within a borough or specialized branches of the police service.^{[citation needed]}
Colonel or lieutenant colonel: A majority of state police as well as some municipal agencies use "colonel" or "lieutenant colonel" as their senior executive rank, often jointly with a civilian title such as "superintendent, deputy superintendent", "commissioner, deputy commissioner" or "director, deputy director", "Chief, Deputy Chief", etc. Conversely, the colonel or lieutenant colonel rank is rarely employed by other agencies, though it is used by the Baltimore Police Department and other Maryland agencies as either an executive or commander-like rank. Colonels generally wear the gold or silver eagle of a military colonel, and lieutenant colonels have the oak leaf of a Military lieutenant colonel, from the U.S. armed forces. Many sheriffs also wear the eagle insignia, and use colonel as an official rank.^{[citation needed]}
Major^[5]/deputy inspector: Sometimes Majors/Deputy Inspectors have the insignia of a gold or silver oak leaf, similar to a major or lieutenant colonel in the armed forces. In the Baltimore Police Department and Atlanta Police Department, majors supervise police stations.
Captain: Two gold or silver bars ("railroad tracks"). A Captain often supervises a police station but can supervise another division or unit (detectives, patrol, etc.) in smaller departments and only certain sections of a police station in larger departments. In the NYPD, captains are the normal commanders of precincts.^{[citation needed]}
Lieutenant: Wearing a single gold or silver bar, a lieutenant supervises two to three or more sergeants. Lieutenants can supervise an entire watch shift in a police station or detective squad (narcotics, homicide, etc.) in larger police departments, entire barracks in state police departments, and entire precincts in smaller police departments.^{[citation needed]}
Sergeant: Three chevrons, a police officer who supervises an entire watch shift in smaller departments and areas of a precinct and individual detective squads in larger departments. Some agencies, such as the New Jersey State Police, use a para-militaristic range of sergeant ranks, such as staff sergeant and sergeant first class, in addition to the basic sergeant rank.^{[citation needed]}
Detective/inspector/investigator: An inspector/detective/investigator usually works in plain clothes. This may be in several classes that correspond to higher supervisory and pay grades. In the NYPD, the detective rank is technically a designation: detectives do not actually outrank police officers although they are in charge of cases and are often senior in years of service, and so have a certain degree of authority beyond police officers in specific situations. Detectives also perform undercover duties for some of their cases.^{[citation needed]}
Officer/deputy/trooper/corporal: A regular officer or deputy wears no rank insignia, and there may be several pay grades. Corporals, who may be senior officers or acting watch commanders, wear two chevrons. A police corporal is generally employed as an officer as an entry level supervisor position. These duties may include one or more of the following roles:^[6]
Police corporals often wear the two chevrons originated by their military counterparts.
- Detective
- Division supervisor
- Field training officer (FTO) (in some departments, field training officers are not given any supervisory powers and hold no higher rank than other officers).^{[citation needed]}

Police corporals will often act as a lead officer in field situations when a sergeant is not present.^[7] The position is also referred to by some agencies as Agent.^[8]

In a few departments, such as New York City, Washington DC, and Baltimore, officers from the rank of lieutenant and up wear white shirts instead of the dark blue or black uniform shirts common to lower-ranked police officers. In Philadelphia the rank of sergeant and up wear white shirts.^[9] Command staff and ranking officers/supervisors may wear fretting ("scrambled eggs") on their hat visors.

Advancement from officer to captain is generally by appointment after successful completion of a series of examinations, and after the officer has sufficient time in grade. Grades above captain are generally by appointment of the chief or sheriff. In addition, there must be vacancies for a higher rank. In police departments, the second-highest rank is usually similar to a chief of staff. In a sheriff's office, the second-highest ranking person is often responsible for most operations, similar to a chief of police in a police department, because the Sheriff is often elected and in many cases is a politician rather than an experienced law enforcement officer.^{[citation needed]}

Variations

Federal

United States Border Patrol

Border Patrol Headquarters	Chief Superintendent of the Border Patrol	Deputy Chief Superintendent of the Border Patrol	Division chief	Deputy division chief	Associate chief	Assistant chief				Operations officer (non-supervisory)
Border Patrol sectors			Chief patrol agent (CPA)	Deputy chief patrol agent (DCPA)	Division chief/ACTT director	Executive officer/assistant chief patrol agent (ACPA)			Special operations supervisor (SOS)	Operations officer (non-supervisory)	Supervisory Border Patrol agent (SBPA)		Border Patrol agent – intelligence (BPA-I)
Border Patrol stations						Patrol agent in charge (PAIC)	Deputy patrol agent in charge (DPAIC)	Watch commander (WC)	Special operations supervisor (SOS		Supervisory Border Patrol agent (SBPA)		Border Patrol agent – intelligence (BPA-I)	Border patrol agent (BPA)
Border Patrol academy			Chief patrol agent (CPA)	Deputy chief patrol agent (DCPA)		Assistant chief patrol agent (ACPA)	Training operations supervisor (TOS)		Supervisory Border Patrol agent (senior instructor)		Supervisory Border Patrol agent (instructor)	Border Patrol agent (detailed instructor)
Insignia													No insignia

United States Capitol Police

Rank	Chief of Police	Assistant Chief of Police/ Chief of Operations	Deputy Chief	Inspector	Captain	Lieutenant	Sergeant	Detective/MPO	Technician	Private First Class	Private with Training	Private
Insignia												No insignia

United States Park Police

Rank	Chief of Police	Assistant Chief	Deputy Chief	Major	Captain	Lieutenant	Sergeant	Private/Investigator
Insignia								No insignia

United States Marshals Service

Rank	Director	Deputy Director	US Marshal	Chief Deputy US Marshal	Supervisory Deputy US Marshal	Deputy US Marshal

United States Secret Service

Rank	Director	Deputy Director	Chief Operating Officer	Assistant Director	Deputy Assistant Director	Special Agent in Charge	Deputy Special Agent in Charge	Supervisory Special Agent	Special Agent

Federal Bureau of Investigation

Rank	Director	Deputy Director	Chief of Staff and Special Counsel to the Director	Deputy Chief of Staff	Associate Deputy Director	Executive Assistant Director	Associate Executive Assistant Director	Assistant Director	Deputy Assistant Director	Special Agent-in-Charge	Assistant Special Agent-in-Charge	Supervisory Special Agent	Senior Special Agent	Special Agent	New Agent Trainee

United States Department of Veterans Affairs

Rank	Chief of Police	Deputy Chief of Police	Major	Captain	Lieutenant	Sergeant	Detective	Corporal	Police Officer
Insignia									No insignia
Description	Chief of Service. Responsible for the entirety of the Police Service.	Deputy Chief of Service. Charged with assisting the Chief of Police in running the entirety of the Police Service.	Supervisory Police Officer or Supervisory Security Specialist. This position is equivalent in grade to a Captain. However, this rank is awarded to those officers specifically charged with overseeing patrol operations.	Supervisory Police Officer or Supervisory Security Specialist. Usually commands a section or division within the Service, such as Physical Security, Administration, Investigations, Communications etc.	Supervisory Police Officers (Watch Commanders). Supervises a shift (or multiple shifts) of Police and Security personnel, including Police Officers, Sergeants, and Security Assistants (Dispatchers).	Lead Police Officers (Watch Leaders). Assists the Watch Commander in running a shift of Police Officers and Security Assistants (Dispatchers). First line leaders within the Service.	Detectives are police investigators charged with investigating those crimes that do not fall under the purview of the VA Inspector General's Office (OIG).	This rank is authorized at the local level. It is the same grade as a journeyman level police officer. Generally, this rank is awarded to those officers who hold a special certification or responsibility.	Charged with performing a wide array of policing duties with the jurisdiction of VA.

State

Alabama
Alabama Highway Patrol and Alabama Department of Public Safety

Rank	Director (colonel)	Assistant director (lieutenant colonel)	Chief (major)	Captain	Lieutenant	Sergeant	Corporal	Senior trooper	Trooper
Insignia								No insignia

Alaska

Rank	Commissioner	Deputy Commissioner	Colonel	Major	Captain	Lieutenant	Sergeant	Corporal	Trooper
Insignia									No insignia

Arizona
Arizona Department of Public Safety

Rank	Director (Colonel)	Deputy Director (Lieutenant colonel)	Assistant Director (Lieutenant colonel)	Major	Captain	Sergeant	Trooper
Insignia							No insignia

Arizona Rangers

Rank	Captain	Sergeant	Ranger
Insignia			No insignia

Arkansas

Rank	Director (Colonel)	Deputy Director (Lieutenant colonel)	Major	Captain	Lieutenant	Sergeant	Corporal	Trooper First Class	Trooper	Cadet
Insignia									No insignia
Description	Director holds the Rank of Colonel, appointed by the Governor of Arkansas to be the professional head of the Department.	Deputy Director holds the Rank of Lieutenant Colonel, second-in-command of Department and second highest ranked commissioned officer in the Department.	Responsible for serving as a Highway Patrol Regional Commander, as the Criminal Investigations Commander, as the Crimes Against Children Commander, or as the Administrative Services Division Commander.	Responsible for serving as a Highway Patrol Troop Commander, Criminal Investigation Division Regional Commander or other upper-level administrative and managerial staff position.	Responsible for serving as a Highway Patrol Troop Assistant Commander, Criminal Investigation Division Company Commander or supervising a specialized function with the State Police.	First supervisory rank, responsible for overseeing and supervising Troopers and non-commissioned personnel in the performance of their duties.	Rank attained by Trooper First Class after completion of 7 years of service. May supervise Troopers in the performance of their duties in absence of a sergeant.	Rank attained by Trooper after completion of 4 1/2 years of service.	Rank attained by Cadets upon successful completion of the training academy, responsible for field law enforcement patrol or specialized or technical law enforcement function.	A Cadet is a new recruit, and is the rank held by all personnel while assigned as a student at the training academy. These personnel do not wear rank insignia.

California
California Highway Patrol

Rank	Commissioner	Deputy Commissioner	Assistant Commissioner	Chief	Assistant Chief	Captain	Lieutenant	Sergeant	Officer	Cadet
Insignia	OR								No insignia

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Police_ranks_of_the_United_States
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