Phosphorus pentabromide

Phosphorus pentabromide
Names
	IUPAC name Tetrabromophosphanium bromide
	Other names Pentabromo-λ5-phosphane; Pentabromophosphorane; Phosphorus(V) bromide; Phosphorus pentabromide; Tetrabromophosphonium bromide;
Identifiers
CAS Number	7789-69-7 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	56429 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.260
EC Number	232-186-6;
PubChem CID	62678;
UNII	3D9WIS0BQW ;
UN number	2691
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6064874 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/Br5P/c1-6(2,3,4)5 Key: QRKVRHZNLKTPGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES BrP(Br)(Br)(Br)Br;
Properties
Chemical formula	PBr5
Molar mass	430.494 g·mol−1
Appearance	Yellow crystalline solid
Density	3.61 g/cm3
Melting point	ca. 100 °C (decomposes)
Boiling point	106 °C (223 °F; 379 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	Reacts with water
Solubility	Decomposes in ethanol; Soluble in CCl4 and CS2
Hazards
	Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H314
Precautionary statements	P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P405, P501
Related compounds
Related compounds	Phosphorus pentafluoride; Phosphorus pentachloride; Phosphorus pentaiodide; Phosphorus tribromide; Phosphorus heptabromide; Phosphoryl bromide;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Phosphorus pentabromide is a reactive, yellow solid of formula P Br₅, which has the structure [PBr₄⁺Br⁻ (tetrabromophosphonium bromide) in the solid state but in the vapor phase is completely dissociated to PBr₃ and Br₂. Rapid cooling of this phase to 15 K leads to formation of the ionic species phosphorus heptabromide (tetrabromophosphonium tribromide [PBr₄⁺[Br₃⁻).^[2]

It can be used in organic chemistry to convert carboxylic acids to acyl bromides. It is highly corrosive. It strongly irritates skin and eyes.^[1] It decomposes above 100 °C to give phosphorus tribromide and bromine:^[3]

PBr₅ → PBr₃ + Br₂

Reversing this equilibrium to generate PBr₅ by addition of Br₂ to PBr₃ is difficult in practice because the product is susceptible to further addition to yield phosphorus heptabromide [PBr₄⁺[Br₃⁻.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Phosphorus pentabromide".
^ Corbridge, D. E. C. (2013). Phosphorus: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology, Sixth Edition. CRC Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-4398-4088-7.
^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ Popov, A. I.; Skelly, N. E. (1954). "Spectrophotometric Study of Phosphorus Pentabromide in Various Solvents". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76 (15): 3916–3919. doi:10.1021/ja01644a014.

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[pubchem-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Phosphorus pentabromide".

[2] Corbridge, D. E. C. (2013). Phosphorus: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology, Sixth Edition. CRC Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-4398-4088-7.

[3] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[4] Popov, A. I.; Skelly, N. E. (1954). "Spectrophotometric Study of Phosphorus Pentabromide in Various Solvents". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 76 (15): 3916–3919. doi:10.1021/ja01644a014.

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[4]

v t e Phosphorus compounds
Phosphides	AlP AsP BP BiP Cs₂P₅ Ca₃P₂ Cd₃P₂ Cu₃P DyP ErP EuP GdP AuP FeP Fe₃P HfP HoP InP LaP Li₃P LuP MoP MoP₂ Mo₃P NbP NdP NpP Np₃P₄ OsP₂ Ru₂P PtP₂ PrP PrP₅ PuP ScP SmP SmP₅ Sr₃P₂ TbP SnP₃ ThP₇ TmP YP YbP ZnP₂ Zn₃P₂ ZrP ZrP₂
Other compounds	PBr₃ PBr₅ PBr₇ PCl₃ PCl₅ P₂Cl₄ PF₃ PF₅ PI₃ PH₃ PN P₃N₅ PO P₂O₃ P₂O₄ P₂O₅ P₄S₃ P₄S_x P₄S₁₀

v t e Bromine compounds
Br(−I)	Br⁻ CH₃Br CH₂Br₂ CHBr₃ CBr₄ HBr C₃H₅Br
Br(−I,I)	Br₃⁻
Br(I)	BrCl BrF BrN₃ BrNO₃ Br₂O BrO⁻ NBr₃
Br(II)	BrO
Br(I,V)	Br₂O₃
Br(III)	BrF₃ BrO₂⁻
Br(IV)	BrO₂
Br(V)	BrF₅ Br₂O₅ BrO₃⁻ BrOF₃ BrO₂F
Br(VII)	BrO₄⁻ BrO₃F

Names


IUPAC name Tetrabromophosphanium bromide
Other names Pentabromo-λ⁵-phosphane^[1] Pentabromophosphorane^[1] Phosphorus(V) bromide^[1] Phosphorus pentabromide Tetrabromophosphonium bromide
Identifiers
CAS Number	7789-69-7^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	56429^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.260
EC Number	232-186-6
PubChem CID	62678
UNII	3D9WIS0BQW^Y
UN number	2691
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6064874
InChI InChI=1S/Br5P/c1-6(2,3,4)5^Y Key: QRKVRHZNLKTPGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y
SMILES BrP(Br)(Br)(Br)Br
Properties
Chemical formula	PBr₅
Molar mass	430.494 g·mol⁻¹
Appearance	Yellow crystalline solid^[1]
Density	3.61 g/cm³
Melting point	ca. 100 °C (decomposes)
Boiling point	106 °C (223 °F; 379 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	Reacts with water
Solubility	Decomposes in ethanol Soluble in CCl₄ and CS₂
Hazards^[1]
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H314
Precautionary statements	P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P363, P405, P501
Related compounds
Related compounds	Phosphorus pentafluoride Phosphorus pentachloride Phosphorus pentaiodide Phosphorus tribromide Phosphorus heptabromide Phosphoryl bromide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). Y verify (what is ^YN ?) Infobox references