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Canton of Basel-Stadt
Kanton Basel-Stadt (German) Canton of Basel-City | |
|---|---|
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
 Location in Switzerland
Map of Basel-Stadt  | |
.svg) Basel-Stadt highlighted in Switzerland, with the special marker | |
| Coordinates: 47°34′N 7°36′E / 47.567°N 7.600°E | |
| Capital | Basel |
| Subdivisions | 3 municipalities |
| Government | |
| • Executive | Executive Council (7) |
| • Legislative | Grand Council (100) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 36.95 km2 (14.27 sq mi) |
| Population (July 2021)[2] | |
| • Total | 201,156 |
| • Density | 5,400/km2 (14,000/sq mi) |
| GDP | |
| • Total | CHF 37.168 billion (2020) |
| • Per capita | CHF 189,354 (2020) |
| ISO 3166 code | CH-BS |
| Highest point | 522.19 m (1,713 ft): St. Chrischona |
| Lowest point | 244.75 m (803 ft): Rhine shore, national border at Kleinhüningen |
| Joined | 1501 |
| Languages | German |
| Website | www |
Basel-Stadt or Basel-City (German: Kanton ; Romansh: Chantun Basilea-Citad; French: Canton de Bâle-Ville; Italian: Canton Basilea Città) is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of three municipalities with Basel as the capital. It is traditionally considered a "half-canton", the other half being Basel-Landschaft, its rural counterpart.
Basel-Stadt is one of the northernmost and lowest cantons of Switzerland, and the smallest by area. The canton lies on both sides of the Rhine and is very densely populated. The largest municipality is Basel, followed by Riehen and Bettingen. The only canton sharing borders with Basel-Stadt is Basel-Landschaft to the south. To the north of Basel-Stadt are France and Germany, with the tripoint being in the middle of the Rhine.
Together with Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt was part of the Canton of Basel, who joined the Old Swiss Confederacy in 1501. Political quarrels and armed conflict led to the partition of the canton in 1833.
Basel-Stadt is Switzerland's seventh-largest economic centre[4] and has the highest GDP per capita in the country, ahead of the cantons of Zug and Geneva (in 2018).[5] In terms of value, over 94% of Basel City's goods exports are in the chemical and pharmaceutical sectors. With production facilities located in the neighbouring Schweizerhalle, Basel accounts for 20% of Swiss exports.[6]
History
The canton of Basel-Stadt was created when the historic canton of Basel was divided in 1833, following political quarrels and armed conflict in the canton. Some of these were concerned with the rights of the population in the agricultural areas. They ultimately led to the separation of the canton of Basel-Landschaft from the city of Basel on 26 August 1833. Since then, there has been a movement for reunification. This movement gained momentum after 1900 when many parts of Basel-Landschaft became industrialized. The two half-cantons agreed in principle to reunite, but in 1969, and again in September 2014, the people of Basel-Landschaft voted against this proposal in favour of retaining their independence.[7][8]
Geography
The canton of Basel-Stadt is located in the north of Switzerland. Basel is located at the so-called 'knee' of the Rhine, at the point where from the west the little Birsig joins the Rhine from the left, and where the Rhine itself switches from flowing in a westerly direction to a northerly flow. It is the second flattest canton, with a height difference of only 277 metres between the Rhine and St. Chrischona.
Bettingen, Riehen and a part of Basel city lie on the east bank of the Rhine, bordered on three sides by the German state of Baden-Württemberg. The rest of the canton lies on the west bank of the Rhine.
The area of the canton is 37 km2 (14 sq mi), making Basel-Stadt the smallest canton in Switzerland. It is sometimes likened to a city-state.[9]
Basel-Stadt borders Basel-Landschaft to the south, the only adjacent canton. To the north, it borders Germany (Baden-Württemberg) and France (Grand Est). The three countries meet in the middle of the Rhine, about 150 metres north of the Dreiländereck monument.[10]
Municipalities
There are three municipalities:
| Municipality | Inhabitants (30 June 2021)[11] |
Area | |
|---|---|---|---|
| km2 | sq mi | ||
| Basel | 178,120 | 23.85 | 9.21 |
| Bettingen | 1,248 | 2.23 | 0.86 |
| Riehen | 21,788 | 10.87 | 4.20 |
Politics
The canton of Basel-Stadt shares its political structure and administration with the municipality of Basel.
Basel-Stadt is a half-canton. This means that the canton only sends one representative to the Council of States. The capital of the canton Basel-Stadt is the city of Basel. The present constitution of the canton dates from 1889. Since 1966 women were allowed to vote in Canton, as the first German speaking canton.[12]
The parliament of the canton is the Grand Council, which has 100 members, who are elected for four years at a time. There are eight different political parties represented in the parliament; the largest party is the Social Democratic Party, with 32 seats.
The executive of the canton (Regierungsrat) is made up of seven members.
The canton has a sister state status with Massachusetts.[13]
Federal election results
| Party | Ideology | 1971 | 1975 | 1979 | 1983 | 1987 | 1991 | 1995 | 1999 | 2003 | 2007 | 2011 | 2015 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FDP.The Liberalsa | Classical liberalism | 11.5 | 11.4 | 14.1 | 13.5 | 11.2 | 15.8 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 9.9 | 11.3 | 12.3 | 9.8 | |
| CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD | Christian democracy | 11.2 | 12.1 | 13.9 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 10.4 | 9.7 | 8.6 | 6.6 | 7.4 | 6.5 | 6.4 | |
| SP/PS | Social democracy | 30.4 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 31.0 | 25.9 | 25.3 | 35.5 | 33.3 | 40.9 | 35.2 | 29.1 | 33.3 | |
| SVP/UDC | Swiss nationalism | * b | * | * | * | * | 2.0 | * | 13.6 | 18.6 | 18.5 | 16.5 | 17.6 | |
| LPS/PLS | Swiss Liberal | 13.0 | 11.6 | 11.2 | 8.3 | 12.3 | 13.3 | 14.9 | 10.7 | 8.5 | 9.2 | 6.8 | 11.5 | |
| Ring of Independents | Social liberalism | 12.7 | 9.9 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 9.4 | 7.4 | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| EVP/PEV | Christian democracy | * | 4.0 | * | 4.8 | 4.5 | 3.3 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 2.3 | |
| GLP/PVL | Green liberalism | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 5.8 | 4.8 | |
| BDP/PBD | Conservatism | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 2.2 | 1.1 | |
| PdA/PST-POP/PC/PSL | Socialism | 6.1 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.3 | * | * | * | * | * | |
| POCH | Progressivism | 1.8 | 4.2 | 10.3 | 11.9 | 9.4 | 7.8 | c | * | * | * | * | * | |
| GPS/PES | Green politics | * | * | * | * | 1.1 | 4.4 | 5.6 | 8.7 | 9.2 | 12.1 | 13.4 | 11.2 | |
| FGA | Feminist | * | * | * | 1.0 | 3.3 | d | 6.0 | e | * | * | * | * | |
| Solidarity | Anti-capitalism | * | * | * | * | * | * | 0.7 | * | * | * | * | * | |
| SD/DS | National conservatism | 8.0 | 8.2 | 3.9 | 5.3 | 4.5 | 3.2 | 6.9 | 3.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | * | * | |
| Rep. | Republicanism | 4.9 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
| EDU/UDF | Christian right | * | * | * | * | * | 0.9 | * | * | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Other | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 5.0 | 6.5 | 4.8 | 0.7 | 5.5 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 4.2 | 1.4 | ||
| Voter participation % | 46.5 | 43.8 | 39.4 | 45.7 | 43.6 | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Municipalities_of_the_canton_of_Basel-Stadt|||||||||