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List of volcanic eruptions 1500–1999
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This is a list of notable volcanic eruptions in the 16th to 20th centuries with a Volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 4 or higher, and smaller eruptions that resulted in significant damage or fatalities. Note that there may be uncertainties to dates with historical eruptions, and there are likely to be many large eruptions that have not been identified.
Large eruptions (VEI of 4 or higher)
20th Century
| VEI | Volcano | Country | Year | Fatalities | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Ulawun[1] | Papua New Guinea | 2000 | ||
| 4 | Mount Tavurvur[2] | Papua New Guinea | 1994 | 5 | Tavurvur, and nearby Vulcan, erupted and devastated Rabaul; however, due to planning for such a catastrophe, the townsfolk were prepared and only five people were killed. One of the deaths was caused by lightning, a feature of volcanic ash clouds.[3] |
| 4 | Láscar[4] | Chile | 1993 | ||
| 4 | Mount Spurr[5] | Alaska, United States | 1992 | ||
| 5 | Mount Hudson[6] | Chile | 1991 | ||
| 6 | Mount Pinatubo[7] | Philippines | 1991 | 847 | Second largest eruption of the 20th century, and largest stratospheric disturbance since the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa. Many deaths were caused by complication of the arrival of Typhoon Yunya. |
| 4 | Kelud[8] | Indonesia | 1990 | 32 | A strong and explosive eruption in early February 1990 produced a 12 km high column of tephra, heavy tephra falls and several pyroclastic flows. 32 people were killed, over 500 homes and 50 schools were destroyed and many others were damaged.[9] |
| 4 | Klyuchevskaya Sopka[10] | Russia | 1987 | ||
| 4 | Chikurachki[11] | Russia | 1986 | ||
| 4 | Augustine[12] | Alaska, United States | 1986 | ||
| 4 | Mount Colo[13] | Indonesia | 1983 | ||
| 4 | Galunggung[14] | Indonesia | 1982 | 18 | Notable for bringing attention to the dangers of volcanic ash on aircraft after two Boeing 747 jets suffered engine failure from its ash cloud.[15] |
| 5 | El Chichón[16] | Mexico | 1982 | 1,900 | 9 villages were destroyed, killing at least 1,900 people.[17] Ejected 7 million metric tons of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere.[18] |
| 4 | North Pagan[19] | Mariana Islands, United States | 1981-1985 | ||
| 4 | Vulkan Alaid[20] | Russia | 1981 | ||
| 5 | Mount St. Helens[21] | Washington, United States | 1980 | 57 | Most deadly and economically destructive volcanic eruption in the history of the United States. Ash from the eruption reached all the way to Montana. Casualties were limited, owing to the evacuation of the surrounding forest, with exception of loggers who did not depart in time; incinerated in large forest fire that was a result of one of seventeen pyroclastic flows.[22] Sound of eruption could be heard 700 miles (1127 km) away; entire flank of mountain collapsed. Noted for extremely large lahar that flooded the banks of the Toutle River and destroyed several bridges.[23] |
| 4 | Augustine[12] | Alaska, United States | 1976 | ||
| 4 | Tolbachik[24] | Russia | 1975 | ||
| 4 | Volcán de Fuego[25] | Guatemala | 1974 | ||
| 4 | Tyatya[26] | Russia | 1973 | ||
| 4 | Fernandina[27] | Ecuador | 1968 | ||
| 4 | Mount Awu[28] | Indonesia | 1966 | ||
| 4 | Kelud[8] | Indonesia | 1966 | ||
| 4 | Taal[29] | Philippines | 1965 | ||
| 4 | Shiveluch[30] | Russia | 1964 | ||
| 5 | Mount Agung[31] | Indonesia | 1963 | 1,584 | |
| 5 | Bezymianny[32] | Russia | 1955–1957 | ||
| 4 | Carran-Los Venados[33] | Chile | 1955 | ||
| 4 | Mount Spurr[5] | Alaska, United States | 1953 | ||
| 4 | Bagana[34] | Papua New Guinea | 1952 | ||
| 4 | Kelud[8] | Indonesia | 1951 | ||
| 4 | Mount Lamington[35] | Papua New Guinea | 1951 | 2,942 | The only recorded eruption of Mount Lamington devastated Oro Province. Pyroclastic flows caused extreme destruction north of the volcano. Its effects were extensively studied by volcanologist Tony Taylor and his report was published in 1958.[36] |
| 4 | Ambrym[37] | Vanuatu | 1950 | ||
| 4 | Hekla[38] | Iceland | 1947 | ||
| 4 | Sarychev Peak[39] | Russia | 1946 | ||
| 4 | Avachinsky[40] | Russia | 1945 | ||
| 4 | Parícutin[41] | Mexico | 1943–1952 | 3 | 1943-1952 eruption of Parícutin |
| 4 | Rabaul[2] | Papua New Guinea | 1937 | 507[42] | |
| 4 | Kuchinoerabu-jima[43] | Japan | 1933-1934 | 8 | 8 people were killed and 26 others were injured. Nanakama Village was burned by fire from glowing blocks.[44] |
| 4 | Suoh[45] | Indonesia | 1933 | Occurred two weeks after the 1933 Sumatra earthquake, which produced a surface rupture on the volcano.[46] | |
| 5 | Kharimkotan[47] | Russia | 1933 | ||
| 5 | Cerro Azul[48] | Chile | 1932 | It is the largest recorded eruption in the history of Chile, the eruption threw ash between the cities of Rancagua and Chillán, leaving them in the dark in broad daylight. The explosions were noticeable in Santiago, 245 km away. The ashes arrived in Buenos Aires (capital of Argentina), Montevideo (capital of Uruguay), the south of Brazil and South Africa.[49] | |
| 4 | Volcán de Fuego[25] | Guatemala | 1932 | ||
| 4 | Mount Aniakchak[50] | Alaska, United States | 1931 | ||
| 4 | Klyuchevskaya Sopka[10] | Russia | 1931 | ||
| 4 | Hokkaidō Koma-ga-take[51] | Japan | 1929 | ||
| 4 | Avachinsky[40] | Russia | 1926 | ||
| 5 | Submarine Volcano NNE of Iriomote Island[52] | Japan | 1924 | Submarine Volcano | |
| 4 | Raikoke[53] | Russia | 1924 | ||
| 4 | Manam[54] | Papua New Guinea | 1919 | ||
| 4 | Kelud[8] | Indonesia | 1919 | 5,160 | Lahars killed over 5,000 people.[55] |
| 4 | Katla[56] | Iceland | 1918 | ||
| 4 | Tungurahua[57] | Ecuador | 1916 | ||
| 4 | Sakurajima[58] | Japan | 1914 | 58 | Most powerful eruption in Japan in the twentieth century. The volcano had been dormant for over a century until 1914.[59] Almost all residents had left the island in the previous days; several large earthquakes had warned them that an eruption was imminent. Initially, the eruption was very explosive, generating eruption columns and pyroclastic flows, but after a very large earthquake on January 13, 1914, which killed 58 people, it became effusive, generating a large lava flow.[59] |
| 4 | Volcán de Colima[60] | Mexico | 1913 | ||
| 6 | Novarupta[61] | Alaska, United States | 1912 | Largest eruption of the 20th century | |
| 4 | Lolobau[62]
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