• Top left: Francisco Martínez de la Rosa was the first prime minister constitutionally referred to as such.
• Top right: Francisco Franco was the person serving the longest as head of government, under a dictatorship.
• Bottom left: Felipe González was the longest serving democratically-elected prime minister.
• Bottom right: Pedro Sánchez is the current prime minister.

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The prime minister of Spain is the head of government of Spain. There is no specific date as to when the office of Prime Minister first appeared as the role was not created, but rather evolved over a period of time through a merger of duties. Modern historians have not managed to agree who the first prime minister of Spain was, but Francisco Martínez de la Rosa was the first prime minister recognized by a constitutional law (the Spanish Royal Statute of 1834).

In contemporary Spain, the first Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Spain since the approval of the Constitution was Adolfo Suárez. Due to the gradual evolution of the post, the title has been applied to early prime ministers retroactively. The following list therefore includes those who have been referred to as various other titles since the creation of the Council of Ministers in 1823.

Since the reign of Philip V, prime ministers have received several names, such as First Secretary of State (until 1834), President of the Council of Ministers (1834–1868; 1874–1923; 1925–1939), President of the Executive Power (1874) or President of the Government (1973–present), among others. Between 1938 and 1973, the post of President of the Government was personally linked to the person serving as Head of State.

Before 1823

There is no specific date when the office of prime minister first appeared as the role was not created, but rather evolved over a period of time through merger of duties. The government was led by a Valido, a favourite of the Monarch or the ruling Regent. Since 1621, there was also a Secretary of State of the Universal Bureau (Secretario de Estado y del Despacho Universal), but this seems to have been rather a subordinate position.

Later, the reforms introduced by Phillip V in the 1710s established several secretaries of state for specific government areas, and the secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (Secretario de Estado y del Despacho de Estado) was eventually known as the First Secretary of State due to its de facto role as primer minister. This position was consolidated with the establishment of the Council of Ministers in 1823 which the First Secretary of State chaired over in the king's absence, and in 1834 the First Secretary of State became known as President of the Council of Ministers.

Validos

John II (1406–1454)

• Álvaro de Luna

Henry IV (1454–1474)

• Juan Pacheco
• Beltrán de la Cueva
• Miguel Lucas de Iranzo

Philip III (1598–1621)

• Francisco de Sandoval y Rojas (1598–1618)
• Cristóbal Gómez de Sandoval y de la Cerda (1619–1621)

Philip IV (1621–1665)

• Baltasar de Zúñiga (1621–1622)
• Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares (1622–1643)
• Luis de Haro (1643–1661)

Charles II (1665–1700)

• Juan Everardo Nithard (1666–1669)
• Fernando de Valenzuela (1671–1676)
• Juan José de Austria (1677–1679)
• Duke of Medinaceli (1679–1685)
• Count of Oropesa (1685–1699)
• Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero (1699–1703)

Secretaries of State and the Universal Bureau

Picture	Name	From	Until	Monarch (Reign)
	Pedro Fernández del Campo y Angulo, Marquess of Mejorada	1705	11 July 1705	King Philip V (1700–1724)
	José de Grimaldo y Gutiérrez de Solórzano Marquess of Grimaldo (1st time)	11 July 1705	15 April 1714
	Manuel de Vadillo y Velasco	15 April 1714	30 November 1714
	José de Grimaldo y Gutiérrez de Solórzano Marquess of Grimaldo (2nd time)	30 November 1714	14 January 1724
	Juan Bautista de Orendáin y Azpilicueta (1st time)	14 January 1724	4 September 1724	King Louis I (1724)
	José de Grimaldo y Gutiérrez de Solórzano Marquess of Grimaldo (3rd time)	4 September 1724	12 December 1725	King Philip V (1724–1746)
	Juan Guillermo Ripperdá Duke and Baron of Ripperdá	12 December 1725	14 April 1726
	José de Grimaldo y Gutiérrez de Solórzano Marquess of Grimaldo (4th time)	14 April 1726	1 October 1726
	Juan Bautista de Orendáin y Azpilicueta Marquess of la Paz (2nd time)	1 October 1726	21 November 1734

First Secretaries of State

Picture	Name	From	Until	Monarch (Reign)
	José de Patiño y Rosales	21 November 1734	3 November 1736	King Philip V (1724–1746)
	Sebastián de la Cuadra y Llerena 1st Marquess of Villarías	26 November 1736	4 December 1746
	José de Carvajal y Lancaster	4 December 1746	9 April 1754	King Ferdinand VI (1746–1759)
	Fernando de Silva Mendoza y Toledo Duke of Huéscar	9 April 1754	15 May 1754
	Ricardo Wall y Devreux	15 May 1754	10 August 1759
		10 August 1759	9 October 1763	King Charles III (1759–1788)
	Pablo Jerónimo de Grimaldi y Pallavicini Duke of Grimaldi	9 October 1763	19 February 1777
	José Moñino y Redondo Count of Floridablanca	19 February 1777	14 December 1788
		14 December 1788	28 February 1792	King Charles IV (1788–1808)
	Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea y Ximénez de Urrea Count of Aranda Acting First Secretary of State	28 February 1792	15 November 1792
	Manuel de Godoy y Álvarez de Faria Duke of Alcudia	15 November 1792	28 March 1798
	Francisco Saavedra de Sangronis Acting First Secretary of State until 6 September 1798	30 March 1798	21 February 1799
	Mariano Luis de Urquijo y Muga Acting First Secretary of State	12 February 1799	13 December 1799
	Pedro Cevallos Guerra (1st time)	13 December 1799	3 March 1808
	Gonzalo O'Farrill y Herrera Acting First Secretary of State	3 March 1808	19 March 1808
	Pedro Cevallos Guerra (2nd time)	19 March 1808	7 July 1808	King Ferdinand VII (1808)
	Mariano Luis de Urquijo y Muga (2nd time)	7 July 1808	27 June 1813	King Joseph I (1808–1813)
	Juan O'Donojú O'Ryan Acting First Secretary of State	10 October 1813	17 October 1813
	Fernando de Laserna Acting First Secretary of State	17 October 1813	3 December 1813
	José Luyando Acting First Secretary of State	3 December 1813	4 May 1814	King Ferdinand VII (1813–1833)
	José Miguel de Carvajal-Vargas y Manrique de Lara Duke of San Carlos	4 May 1814	15 November 1814
	Pedro Cevallos Guerra (3rd time)	15 November 1814	24 January 1816
	Juan Esteban Lozano de Torres	24 January 1816	26 January 1816
	Pedro Cevallos Guerra (4th time)	26 January 1816	30 October 1816
	José García de León y Pizarro	30 October 1816	14 September 1818
	Carlos Martínez de Irujo y Tacón Marquess of Casa Irujo Acting First Secretary of State	14 September 1818	12 June 1819
	Manuel González Salmón y Gómez de Torres Acting First Secretary of State	12 June 1819	12 September 1819
	Joaquín José Melgarejo y Saurín Duke of San Fernando de Quiroga	12 September 1819	18 March 1820
	Juan Jabat Aztal Acting First Secretary of State	18 March 1820
	Evaristo Pérez de Castro y Brito	18 March 1820	2 March 1821
	Joaquín Anduaga Cuenca Acting First Secretary of State	2 March 1821	23 April 1821
	Francisco de Paula Escudero Acting First Secretary of State	23 April 1821
	Eusebio Bardají y Azara	23 April 1821	8 January 1822
	Ramón López Pelegrín Acting First Secretary of State	8 January 1822	24 January 1822
	José Gabriel de Silva y Bazán Marquess of Santa Cruz	24 January 1822	30 January 1822
	Ramón López Pelegrín Acting First Secretary of State	30 January 1822	28 February 1822
	Francisco Martínez de la Rosa	28 February 1822	5 August 1822
	Evaristo Fernández San Miguel y Valledor Acting First Secretary of State from 28 February 1822	5 August 1822	25 April 1823
	José Manuel Vadillo Acting First Secretary of State	25 April 1823	7 May 1823
	Santiago Usoz y Mozi Acting First Secretary of State	7 May 1823	13 May 1823
	José María Pando de la Riva y Ramírez de Laredo	13 May 1823	29 August 1823
	Luis María de Salazar y Salazar Acting First Secretary of State	29 August 1823	4 September 1823
	Juan Antonio Yandiola Garay Acting First Secretary of State	4 September 1823	6 September 1823
	José Luyando (2nd time)	6 September 1823	1 October 1823
	Víctor Damián Sáez y Sánchez-Mayor Acting First Secretary of State until 7 August 1823 (counter-government until 1 October 1823.)	25 April 1823	19 November 1823

List of officeholders

Office title

• First Secretary of State (1823–1834)
• President of the Council of Ministers (1834–1868; 1869–1873; 1874–1923; 1925–1931; 1931–1939)
• President of the Provisional Government and of the Council of Ministers (1868–1869)
• President of the Executive Power (1869; 1873–1874)
• Head of the Government and President of the Military Directory (1923–1925)
• President of the Provisional Government (1931)
• Head of State and President of the Government (1938–1973)
• President of the Government (1973–present)

Kingdom of Spain (1823–1868)

Governments: