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This is a list of the Premiers of the Republic of China since 1912. The Republic of China before 1949 controlled Mainland China as well as offshore islands. The Republic of China since 1949 has only controlled Taiwan and nearby islands. The current Republic of China is usually known as Taiwan. In the country's history, the official title of the head of government has changed over time.
| Year | Chinese | Mandarin Pinyin |
Taiwanese Pe̍h-ōe-jī |
Hakka Pha̍k-fa-sṳ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1912–1914, 1916–1928 | 國務總理 | Guówù Zǒnglǐ | Kok-bū Chóng-lí | Koet-vu Chúng-lî |
| 1914–1916 | 政事堂國務卿 | Zhèngshìtáng Guówùqīng | Chèng-sū-tông Kok-bū-khing | Chṳn-sṳ-thòng Koet-vu-khîn |
| 1928–present | 行政院院長 | Xíngzhèng Yuàn Yuànzhǎng | Hêng-chèng Īⁿ Īⁿ-tiúⁿ | Hàng-chṳn Yen Yen-tshòng |
Premiers, also known as Presidents of the Executive Yuan, are appointed by the Presidents of the Republic of China, but some premiers were even more powerful than the presidents, during the early age of the Republic of China. Some presidents were even expelled by the premiers they appointed. The title of premier in China was changed several times, so this list is divided into several sections.
List
Independent Beiyang clique, etc. Progressive Communications Kuomintang (Nationalist) Democratic Progressive
Premiers of the Cabinet of the Republic of China (1912–1914)
- Period: 13 March 1912 – 1 May 1914
According to the Provisional Constitution of Republic of China, which was passed in 1912, the leader of the majority party or the majority coalition should be appointed premier by the president.
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office Duration in years and days |
Cabinet | Political party | Legislature (elected) |
President | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 
|
Tang Shaoyi 唐紹儀 (1862–1938) |
13 March 1912 | 27 June 1912 | Tang S. I | Independent | Provisional (1912) |
 Yuan Shikai (Beiyang clique) | |
| 106 days | |||||||||
| 2 | 
|
Lu Zhengxiang 陸徵祥 Lù Zhēngxiáng (1871–1949) |
29 June 1912 | 22 September 1912 | Lu I | Independent | |||
| 85 days | |||||||||
| 3 | 
|
Zhao Bingjun 趙秉鈞 (1859–1914) |
25 September 1912 | 16 July 1913 | Zhao | Independent | |||
| 1st (1912) | |||||||||
| 294 days | |||||||||
| — | 
|
Duan Qirui 段祺瑞 (1865–1936) acting |
19 July 1913 | 31 July 1913 | Duan Provisional | Beiyang clique | |||
| 12 days | |||||||||
| 4 | 
|
Xiong Xiling 熊希齡 (1870–1937) |
31 July 1913 | 12 February 1914 | Xiong | Independent | |||
| 196 days | |||||||||
| — | 
|
Sun Baoqi 孫寶琦 (1867–1931) acting |
12 February 1914 | 1 May 1914 | Sun B. Provisional | Independent | |||
| 78 days | |||||||||
Secretaries of State of the Republic of China (1914–1916)
- Period: 1 May 1914 – 21 December 1915; 22 March 1916 – 29 June 1916
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office Duration in years and days |
Cabinet | Political party | Legislature (elected) |
President | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 
|
Xu Shichang 徐世昌 (1855–1939) |
1 May 1914 | 21 December 1915 | Xu S.-C. I | Beiyang clique | 1st (1912) | Yuan Shikai (Beiyang clique) | |
| 1 year, 234 days | |||||||||
| (2) |
|
Lu Zhengxiang 陸徵祥 Lù Zhēngxiáng (1871–1949) |
22 December 1915 | 22 March 1916 | Lu II | Independent | |||
| 91 days | |||||||||
| (5) |
|
Xu Shichang 徐世昌 (1855–1939) |
22 March 1916 | 22 April 1916 | Xu S.-C. II | Beiyang clique | |||
| 31 days | |||||||||
| 6 |
|
Duan Qirui 段祺瑞 (1865–1936) |
22 April 1916 | 29 June 1916 | Duan I | Beiyang clique | |||
 Li Yuanhong (Progressive Party) | |||||||||
| 68 days | |||||||||
Premiers of the State Council of the Republic of China (1916–1928)
- Period: 29 June 1916 – 3 June 1928
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office Duration in years and days |
Cabinet | Political party | Legislature (elected) |
President | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (6) |
|
Duan Qirui 段祺瑞 (1865–1936) |
29 June 1916 | 23 May 1917 | Duan I Reshuffled | Beiyang clique | 1st (1912) | Li Yuanhong (Progressive Party) | |
| 328 days | |||||||||
| — | 
|
Wu Tingfang 伍廷芳 (1842–1922) acting |
23 May 1917 | 12 June 1917 | Wu T. Provisional | Independent | |||
| 20 days | |||||||||
| — | 
|
Jiang Chaozong 江朝宗 (1861–1943) acting |
12 June 1917 | 24 June 1917 | Jiang C. Provisional | Beiyang clique | |||
| 12 days | |||||||||
| 7 | 
|
Li Jingxi 李經羲 (1857–1925) |
25 June 1917 | 2 July 1917 | Li | Independent | |||
| 8 days | |||||||||
| During this interval, Zhang Xun was the prime minister of the Restored Qing Imperial Government. | |||||||||
| (6) |
|
Duan Qirui 段祺瑞 (1865–1936) |
14 July 1917 | 22 November 1917 | Duan II | Anhui clique |  Feng Guozhang (Zhili clique) acting | ||
| 131 days | |||||||||
| — | 
|
Wang Daxie 汪大燮 (1859–1929) acting |
22 November 1917 | 30 November 1917 | Independent | ||||
| 8 days | |||||||||
| 8 | 
|
Wang Shizhen 王士珍 (1861–1930) |
30 November 1917 | 23 March 1918 | Wang S. | Zhili clique | |||
| 113 days | |||||||||
| (6) |
|
Duan Qirui 段祺瑞 (1865–1936) |
23 March 1918 | 10 October 1918 | Duan III | Anhui clique | 2nd (1918) | ||
| 201 days | |||||||||
| — | 
|
Qian Nengxun 錢能訓 (1869–1924) |
10 October 1918 | 20 December 1918 | Qian Provisional | Independent | Xu Shichang (Anhui clique) | ||
| 71 days | |||||||||
| 9 | 20 December 1918 | 13 June 1919 | Qian | ||||||
| 175 days | |||||||||
| — | 
|
Gong Xinzhan 龔心湛 (1871–1943) acting |
13 June 1919 | 24 September 1919 | Gong Provisional | Independent | |||
| 103 days | |||||||||
| — | 
|
Jin Yunpeng 靳雲鵬 (1877–1951) |
24 September 1919 | 5 November 1919 | Jin Provisional | Anhui clique | |||
| 42 days | |||||||||
| 10 | 5 November 1919 | 14 May 1920 | Jin I | ||||||
| 191 days | |||||||||
| — | 
|
Sa Zhenbing 薩鎮冰 (1859–1952) acting |
2 July 1920 | 9 August 1920 | Sa Provisional | Independent | |||
| 38 days | |||||||||
| (10) |
|
Jin Yunpeng 靳雲鵬 (1877–1951) |
9 August 1920 | 14 May 1921 | Jin II | Anhui clique | |||
| 278 days | |||||||||
| 14 May 1921 | 18 December 1921 | Jin III | |||||||
| 218 days | |||||||||
| — | 
|
Yan Huiqing (W.W. Yan) 顏惠慶 (1877–1950) acting |
18 December 1921 | 24 December 1921 | Yan H. Provisional | Independent | |||
| 6 days | |||||||||