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The Supreme Court of Japan is the highest court in Japan, composed of fifteen justices. The Chief Justice is nominated by the Cabinet and appointed to office by the Emperor, while associate justices are appointed by the Cabinet in attestation of the Emperor. The Judiciary Act fixes the total number of justices at 15, but allows the Court itself to specify how many justices sit on a petty bench. By law, at least ten out of the fifteen justices must have either ten years of combined experience as judges, or twenty years of combined experience as judges, lawyers, or professors.[1]: 1377
Japan's bar associations are careful to select lawyers whose terms will be shorter than those of nominated former judges. (Potential justices are often 64 years old or above.)[2] This causes quick turnover of justices, which has resulted in a perception of the Court as a "nameless, faceless judiciary."[3]
After appointment, Supreme Court justices are subject to a "people's review": an automatic retention referendum in which the voters may remove the judge from office. A people's review occurs at the first election to the House of Representatives after a justice assumes office, when the question of whether his tenure should continue is put to voters on the ballot. The Supreme Court justice is then subject to a further people's review at the first lower house election after every ten years. As of April 2019[update], no Supreme Court justice has ever been dismissed by a people's review.[4]
Justicesedit
This is a list of all 189 current and former justices of the modern Supreme Court of Japan.[5]
| Title | Name | Term start | Term end | Term length | University | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chief Justice | Saburo Tokura | June 23, 2022 | 1 year, 335 days | Hitotsubashi | Associate Justice, Supreme Court | |
| Justice | Mitsuko Miyagawa | November 6, 2023 | 199 days | Tokyo | Former attorney; member, Dai-ichi Tokyo Bar Association | |
| Justice | Akira Ojima | July 5, 2022 | 1 year, 323 days | Tokyo | President, Osaka High Court | |
| Justice | Katsuya Uga | March 20, 2019 | 5 years, 64 days | Tokyo | Professor of Law | |
| Justice | Michiharu Hayashi | September 2, 2019 | 4 years, 264 days | Tokyo | President, Tokyo High Court | |
| Justice | Kazumi Okamura | October 2, 2019 | 4 years, 234 days | Waseda | Public Prosecutor, Supreme Public Prosecutors Office | |
| Justice | Yasumasa Nagamine | February 8, 2021 | 3 years, 105 days | Tokyo | Ambassador of Japan to the United Kingdom | |
| Justice | Eriko Watanabe | July 16, 2021 | 2 years, 312 days | Tohoku | Bar Examiner of the National Bar Examination Commission | |
| Justice | Masaki Oka | September 3, 2021 | 2 years, 263 days | Tokyo | Outside Director, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation | |
| Justice | Ryōsuke Yasunami | July 16, 2021 | 2 years, 312 days | Tokyo | President, Osaka High Court | |
| Justice | Toru Sakai | September 3, 2021 | 2 years, 263 days | Tokyo | Superintending Prosecutor, Tokyo High Public Prosecutors Office | |
| Justice | Atsushi Yamaguchi | February 6, 2017 | November 5, 2023 | 6 years, 272 days | Tokyo | Former attorney; member, Dai-ichi Tokyo Bar Association |
| Justice | Kiyoko Okabe | April 12, 2010 | March 19, 2019 | 8 years, 341 days | Keio | Former judge; professor, Keio University School of Law |
| Justice | Tsuneyuki Yamamoto | August 20, 2013 | September 25, 2019 | 6 years, 36 days | Kyoto | Civil servant. Director-General, the Cabinet Legislation Bureau |
| Justice | Toshimitsu Yamasaki | April 1, 2014 | August 30, 2019 | 5 years, 151 days | Tokyo | Former assistant judge; President, Tokyo High Court. |
| Justice | Masayuki Ikegami | October 2, 2014 | August 28, 2021 | 9 years, 234 days | Tohoku | Former prosecutor, Osaka High Public Prosecutors Office. |
| Justice | Hiroshi Koike | April 2, 2015 | July 2, 2021 | 9 years, 51 days | Tokyo | Former assistant judge; President, Tokyo High Court |
| Justice | Katsuyuki Kizawa | July 19, 2016 | August 26, 2021 | 7 years, 309 days | Rikkyo | Former attorney; Inspector of Kake Educational Institution |
| Justice | Hiroyuki Kanno | September 5, 2016 | July 2, 2021 | 7 years, 261 days | Tohoku | Former judge; President, Osaka High Court |
| Justice | Saburo Tokura | March 14, 2017 | 7 years, 70 days | Hitotsubashi | Serving as Chief Justice | |
| Justice | Keiichi Hayashi | April 10, 2017 | February 7, 2021 | 7 years, 43 days | Kyoto | Diplomat, Ambassador to the United Kingdom |
| Justice | Yuko Miyazaki | January 9, 2018 | July 8, 2021 | 6 years, 135 days | Tokyo | Professor, University of Tokyo |
| Justice | Takuya Miyama | January 9, 2018 | 6 years, 135 days | Tokyo | Judge; President, Tokyo High Court | |
| Justice | Mamoru Miura | February 26, 2018 | 6 years, 87 days | Tokyo | Prosecutor, Osaka High Public Prosecutors Office | |
| Justice | Koichi Kusano | February 13, 2019 | 5 years, 100 days | Keio | ||
| Justice | Takehiko Otani | June 17, 2010 | March 9, 2017 | 6 years, 265 days | Tokyo | Former judge. President, Osaka High Court. |
| Justice | Masaharu Ōhashi | February 13, 2012 | March 30, 2017 | 5 years, 45 days | Tokyo | Attorney; official in the Japanese Federation of Bar Associations (JFBA) |
| Justice | Yoshinobu Onuki | April 11, 2012 | January 16, 2018 | 5 years, 280 days | Chuo | Prosecutor; professor, Asia University |
| Justice | Kaoru Onimaru | February 6, 2013 | February 6, 2019 | 6 years, 0 days | Tokyo | Attorney; Chairperson of the Special Committee on the Rights of the Aged and Disabled |
| Justice | Michiyoshi Kiuchi | April 25, 2013 | January 1, 2018 | 4 years, 251 days | Tokyo | Attorney; Chairperson of the Project Team on the Hague Convention |
| Justice | Katsumi Chiba | December 28, 2009 | August 24, 2016 | 6 years, 240 days | Tokyo | Judge; President, Sendai High Court |
| Justice | Koji Miyakawa[3] | September 3, 2008 | February 27, 2012 | 3 years, 177 days | Nagoya[6] | Instructor at the Legal Training and Research Institute; attorney[6] |
| Justice | Tokuji Izumi[7] | November 6, 2002 | January 24, 2009 | 6 years, 79 days | Kyoto | Judge; President, Tokyo High Court |
| Chief Justice | Niro Shimada[8] | November 7, 2002 | November 21, 2008 | 6 years, 14 days | Tokyo | Judge; President, Osaka High Court |
| Justice | Kazuko Yokoo[9] | December 19, 2001 | September 11, 2008 | 6 years, 267 days | ICU | Diplomat; Ambassador of Japan to Ireland |
| Justice | Chiharu Saiguchi[9] | January 6, 2004 | September 2, 2008 | 4 years, 240 days | Chūō | Attorney; Member, Advisory Committee on Civil Rules of the Supreme Court |
| Justice | Osamu Tsuno[9] | February 26, 2004 | October 19, 2008 | 4 years, 236 days | Kyoto | Bureaucrat; attorney; Director-General, Cabinet Legislation Bureau |
| Justice | Shigeo Takii[9] | June 11, 2002 | October 30, 2006 | 4 years, 141 days | Kyoto[10] | Attorney[10] |
| Justice | Kohei Nasu | May 25, 2006 | February 10, 2012 | 5 years, 261 days | Tokyo | Attorney; Chairperson of the Sub-Committee on Research of Japan Law Foundation |
| Justice | Yoshiki Yamaura | March 1, 2012 | July 3, 2016 | 4 years, 124 days | Hitotsubashi | |
| Chief Justice | Itsuro Terada | December 27, 2012 | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Japan