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v t e

The Nobel Prizes are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to Mankind." Additionally, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was established by Sveriges Riksbank in 1968 and awarded to a "person or persons in the field of economic sciences who have produced work of outstanding importance."

As of 2023, 65 Nobel Prizes and the Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences have been awarded to 64 women.^[1][3] Unique Nobel Prize laureates include 894 men, 64 women, and 27 organizations.^[4]

The distribution of Nobel prizes awarded to women is as follows:

• nineteen women have won the Nobel Peace Prize (16.3% of 110 awarded);^[5]
• seventeen have won the Nobel Prize in Literature (14.28% of 119 awarded);^[6]
• thirteen have won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (5.6% of 230 awarded);^[7]
• eight have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (4.1% of 191 awarded);^[8]
• five have won the Nobel Prize in Physics (1.8% of 224 awarded);^[9]
• and three (Elinor Ostrom, Esther Duflo and Claudia Goldin) have won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (2.17% of 92 awarded).^[10]

The first woman to win a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel.^[11][12] Curie is also the first person and the only woman to have won multiple Nobel Prizes; in 1911, she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Curie's daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935, making the two the only mother–daughter pair to have won Nobel Prizes^[11] and of Pierre and Irène Curie the only father-daughter pair to have won Nobel Prizes by the same occasion, whilst there are 6 father-son pairs who have won Nobel Prizes by comparison.^[13]

The most Nobel Prizes awarded to women in a single year was in 2009, when five women became laureates in four categories.

The most recent women to be awarded a Nobel Prize were Claudia Goldin in Economics, Narges Mohammadi for Peace, Anne L'Huillier in Physics and Katalin Karikó in Physiology or Medicine (2023), Annie Ernaux in Literature and Carolyn R. Bertozzi for Chemistry (2022), Maria Ressa for Peace (2021), Louise Glück in Literature, Andrea M. Ghez in Physics, Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna in Chemistry (2020), and Esther Duflo in Economics (2019).

Female laureates

Physiology or Medicine
No.	Year	Laureate	Name	Born	Died	Rationale
1	1947		Gerty Radnitz-Cori	15 August 1896 Prague,  Austria-Hungary	26 October 1957 Glendale, Missouri,  United States	""for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen."[14] (shared with Carl Ferdinand Cori and Bernardo Houssay)
2	1977		Rosalyn Yalow	19 July 1921 New York City, New York,  United States	30 May 2011 The Bronx, New York,  United States	"for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones."[15] (shared with Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally)
3	1983		Barbara McClintock	16 June 1902 Hartford, Connecticut,  United States	2 September 1992 Huntington, New York,  United States	"for her discovery of mobile genetic elements."[16]
4	1986		Rita Levi-Montalcini	22 April 1909 Turin,  Italy	30 December 2012 Rome,  Italy	"for their discoveries of growth factors."[17] (shared with Stanley Cohen)
5	1988		Gertrude Belle Elion	23 January 1918 New York City, New York,  United States	21 February 1999 Chapel Hill, North Carolina,  United States	"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment."[18] (shared with James W. Black and George H. Hitchings)
6	1995		Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard	20 October 1942 Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt,  German Empire	—	"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development."[19] (shared with Edward B. Lewis and Eric F. Wieschaus)
7	2004		Linda Buck	29 January 1947 Seattle, Washington,  United States	—	"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"[20] (shared with Richard Axel)
8	2008		Françoise Barré-Sinoussi	30 July 1947 Paris,  France	—	"for their discovery of HIV, human immunodeficiency virus."[21] (shared with Harald zur Hausen and Luc Montagnier)
9	2009		Elizabeth Blackburn	26 November 1948 Hobart, Tasmania,  Australia	—	"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase."[22] (shared with Jack W. Szostak)
10			Carolyn Greider	15 April 1961 San Diego, California,  United States	—
11	2014		May-Britt Moser	4 January 1963 Fosnavåg,  Norway	—	"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain."[23] (shared with Edvard Moser and John O'Keefe)
12	2015		Tú Yōuyōu	30 December 1930 Ningbo, Zhejiang,  China	—	"for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy (artemisinin) against Malaria."[24] (shared with William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura)
13	2023		Katalin Karikó	17 January 1955 Szolnok,  Hungary	—	"for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19."[25] (shared with Drew Weissman)
Physics
No.	Year	Laureate	Name	Born	Died	Rationale
1	1903		Marie Skłodowska-Curie	7 November 1867 Warsaw, Poland  Poland	4 July 1934 Passy, Haute-Savoie,  France	"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel"[26] (shared with Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel)
2	1963		Maria Göppert Mayer	28 June 1906 Katowice,  Poland	20 February 1972 San Diego, California,  United States	"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure."[27] (shared with J. Hans D. Jensen and Eugene Wigner)
3	2018		Donna Strickland	27 May 1959 Guelph, Ontario,  Canada	—	"for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses."[28] (shared with Gérard Mourou)
4	2020		Andrea Mia Ghez	16 June 1965 New York City, New York  United States	—	"for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy."[29] (shared with Reinhard Genzel)
5	2023		Anne L’Huillier	16 August 1958 Paris,  France	—	"for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter."[30] (shared with Pierre Agostini and Ferenc Krausz)
Chemistry
No.	Year	Laureate	Name	Born	Died	Rationale
1	1911		Marie Skłodowska-Curie	7 November 1867 Warsaw,  Poland	4 July 1934 Passy, Haute-Savoie,  France	"for her discovery of radium and polonium"[31]
2	1935		Irène Joliot-Curie	12 September 1897 Paris,  France	17 March 1957 Paris,  France	"for their synthesis of new radioactive elements"[32] (shared with Frédéric Joliot-Curie)
3	1964		Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin	12 May 1910 Cairo,  Egypt	29 July 1994 Ilmington, Warwickshire,  United Kingdom	"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances"[33]
4	2009		Ada Yonath	22 June 1939 Jerusalem,  Israel	—	"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome."[34] (shared with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas A. Steitz)
5	2018		Frances Arnold	25 July 1956 Edgewood, Pennsylvania,  United States	—	"for the directed evolution of enzymes"[35] (shared with Gregory Winter and George Smith)
6	2020		Emmanuelle Charpentier	11 December 1968 Juvisy-sur-Orge, Essonne,  France	—	"for the development of a method for genome editing."[36]
7			Jennifer Doudna	19 February 1964 Washington, D.C.  United States	—
8	2022		Carolyn Bertozzi	10 October 1966 Boston, Massachusetts,  United States	—	"for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry."[37] (shared with Morten P. Meldal and Karl Barry Sharpless)
Literature
No.	Year	Laureate	Name	Born	Died	Rationale
1	1909		Selma Lagerlöf	20 November 1858 Sunne, Värmland,  Sweden	16 March 1940 Sunne, Värmland,  Sweden	"in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings."[38]
2	1926		Grazia Deledda	27 September 1871 Nuoro, Sardinia,  Italy	15 August 1936 Rome, Italy	"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general."[39]
3	1928		Sigrid Undset	20 May 1882 Kalundborg,  Norway	10 June 1949 Lillehammer,  Norway	"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages."[40]
4	1938		Pearl Buck	26 June 1892 Hillsboro, West Virginia,  United States	6 March 1973 Danby, Vermont,  United States	"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces."[41]
5	1945		Gabriela Mistral	7 April 1889 Vicuña,  Chile	10 January 1957 Hempstead, New York,  United States	"for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world."[42]
6	1966		Nelly Sachs	10 December 1891 Berlin,  German Empire	12 May 1970 Stockholm,  Sweden	"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength."[43] (shared with Shmuel Yosef Agnon)
7	1991		Nadine Gordimer	20 November 1923 Springs, Gauteng,  South Africa	13 July 2014 Johannesburg, Gauteng,  South Africa Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_female_Nobel_laureates Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.  Navigácia: Veda > Analytika Antropológia Aplikované vedy Bibliometria Dejiny vedy Encyklopédie Filozofia vedy Forenzné vedy Humanitné vedy Knižničná veda Kryogenika Kryptológia Kulturológia Literárna veda Medzidisciplinárne oblasti Metódy kvantitatívnej analýzy Metavedy Metodika Metodológia vedy Náboženstvo a veda Náučná literatúra Podvody vo vede Popularizácia vedy Potravinárstvo Prírodné vedy Pseudoveda Scientometria Spoločenské vedy Teórie Teatrológia Technické vedy Technika Terminológia Umenie Výskum Veda Veda a technika podľa štátu Veda a technika podľa kontinentu Veda a technika podľa roka Veda v kozme Vedci Vedecká literatúra Vedecké databázy Vedecké experimenty Vedecké konferencie Vedecké metódy Vedecké ocenenia Vedecké organizácie Vedecké parky Vedeckí spisovatelia Vzdelávanie Záhady Príbuzné výrazy: Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia. www.astronomia.sk | www.biologia.sk | www.botanika.sk | www.dejiny.sk | www.economy.sk | www.elektrotechnika.sk | www.estetika.sk | www.farmakologia.sk | www.filozofia.sk | Fyzika | www.futurologia.sk | www.genetika.sk | www.chemia.sk | www.lingvistika.sk | www.politologia.sk | www.psychologia.sk | www.sexuologia.sk | www.sociologia.sk | www.veda.sk I www.zoologia.sk