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This is a list of prime ministers of Finland since the establishment of that office in 1917.
History
In 1918, the Finnish Senate was transformed into the Finnish Government, and the position of vice-chairman of the economic division of the Senate was transformed into the position of prime minister. Kesäranta (in Swedish Villa Bjälbo), located in the Meilahti neighborhood of Helsinki, has been the official residence of the prime minister of Finland since 1919.
Since its independence (declared on 6 December 1917), Finland has had 75 cabinets,[1] including the current one, the longest lasting being the cabinet of Prime Minister Juha Sipilä, lasting 1,469 days.[2]
Before the 1980s, cabinets tended to be short lived; the president was the most important political figure, and he had the right to form a new cabinet whenever he wanted. From the 1980s onwards, cabinets have tended to serve full terms (although the prime minister changed midterm in a few cases, most of the other cabinet members have remained nearly unchanged) and the prime minister has become more powerful a figure than the president. Under the current constitution, the prime minister is chosen by the parliament and only formally appointed by the president.
List of prime ministers
Finnish cabinets and prime ministers are numbered sequentially. A prime minister can serve as the head of multiple cabinets. For example, Matti Vanhanen is both the 39th and the 40th prime minister.[3]
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Election | Party | Cabinet Coalition |
President (Tenure) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Duration | ||||||||
| 1 | 
|
Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (1861–1944) |
27 November 1917 |
27 May 1918 |
182 days | 1917 | Young Finnish | 1. Svinhufvud I SP–NSP–ML–RKP (minority) |
None | |
| 2 | 
|
Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1870–1956) |
27 May 1918 |
27 November 1918 |
185 days | — | Finnish | 2. Paasikivi I SP–NSP–ML–RKP (minority) |
Regent Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (1918) | |
| 3 | 
|
Lauri Ingman (1868–1934) |
27 November 1918 |
17 April 1919 |
142 days | — | National Coalition | 3. Ingman I KOK–ED–RKP | ||
| Regent Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (1918–1919) | ||||||||||
| 4 | 
|
Kaarlo Castrén (1860–1938) |
17 April 1919 |
15 August 1919 |
121 days | 1919 | National Progressive | 4. K. Castrén ML–ED–RKP (minority) | ||
| Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg (1919–1925) | ||||||||||
| 5 | 
|
Juho Vennola (1872–1938) |
15 August 1919 |
15 March 1920 |
214 days | — | National Progressive | 5. Vennola I ML–ED (minority) | ||
| 6 | .jpg)
|
Rafael Erich (1879–1946) |
15 March 1920 |
9 April 1921 |
1 year, 26 days | — | National Coalition | 6. Erich KOK–ML–ED–RKP | ||
| (5) |
|
Juho Vennola (1872–1938) |
9 April 1921 |
2 June 1922 |
1 year, 55 days | — | National Progressive | 7. Vennola II ML–ED (minority) | ||
| 7 | 
|
Aimo Cajander (1879–1943) |
2 June 1922 |
14 November 1922 |
166 days | 1922 | Independent | 8. Cajander I (caretaker) | ||
| 8 | 
|
Kyösti Kallio (1873–1940) |
14 November 1922 |
18 January 1924 |
1 year, 66 days | — | Agrarian | 9. Kallio I ML–ED (minority) | ||
| (7) |
|
Aimo Cajander (1879–1943) |
18 January 1924 |
31 May 1924 |
135 days | — | Independent | 10. Cajander II (caretaker) | ||
| (3) |
|
Lauri Ingman (1868–1934) |
31 May 1924 |
31 March 1925 |
305 days | 1924 | National Coalition | 11. Ingman II KOK–ML–ED–RKP | ||
| Lauri Kristian Relander (1925–1931) | ||||||||||
| 9 | 
|
Antti Tulenheimo (1879–1952) |
31 March 1925 |
31 December 1925 |
276 days | — | National Coalition | 12. Tulenheimo KOK–ML (minority) | ||
| (8) |
|
Kyösti Kallio (1873–1940) |
31 December 1925 |
13 December 1926 |
348 days | — | Agrarian | 13. Kallio II ML–KOK (minority) | ||
| 10 | 
|
Väinö Tanner (1881–1966) |
13 December 1926 |
17 December 1927 |
1 year, 5 days | — | Social Democratic | 14. Tanner SDP (minority) | ||
| 11 | 
|
Juho Sunila (1875–1936) |
17 December 1927 |
22 December 1928 |
1 year, 6 days | 1927 | Agrarian | 15. Sunila I ML (minority) | ||
| 12 | 
|
Oskari Mantere (1874–1942) |
22 December 1928 |
16 August 1929 |
238 days | — | National Progressive | 16. Mantere ED (minority) | ||
| (8) |
|
Kyösti Kallio (1873–1940) |
16 August 1929 |
4 July 1930 |
323 days | 1929 | Agrarian | 17. Kallio III ML (minority) | ||
| (1) |
|
Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (1861–1944) |
4 July 1930 |
18 February 1931 |
230 days | — | National Coalition | 18. Svinhufvud II ML–KOK–ED–RKP | ||
| 1930 | ||||||||||
| — |
|
Juho Vennola (1872–1938) Interim Prime Minister |
18 February 1931 |
21 March 1931 |
32 days | — | National Progressive | Pehr Evind Svinhufvud (1931–1937) | ||
| (11) |
|
Juho Sunila (1875–1936) |
21 March 1931 |
14 December 1932 |
1 year, 269 days | — | Agrarian | 19. Sunila II ML–KOK–ED–RKP | ||
| 13 | 
|
Toivo Mikael Kivimäki (1886–1968) |
14 December 1932 |
7 October 1936 |
3 years, 298 days | — | National Progressive | 20. Kivimäki ML–ED–RKP (minority) | ||
| 1933 | ||||||||||
| (8) |
|
Kyösti Kallio (1873–1940) |
7 October 1936 |
17 February 1937 |
134 days | 1936 | Agrarian | 21. Kallio IV ML–ED (minority) | ||
| — | 
|
Rudolf Holsti (1881–1945) Interim Prime Minister |
17 February 1937 |
12 March 1937 |
24 days | — | National Progressive | Kyösti Kallio (1937–1940) | ||
| (7) |
|
Aimo Cajander (1879–1943) |
12 March 1937 |
1 December 1939 |
2 years, 265 days | — | National Progressive | 22. Cajander III SDP–ML–ED–RKP | ||
| 1939 | ||||||||||
| 14 | 
|
Risto Ryti (1889–1956) |
1 December 1939 |
19 December 1940 |
1 year, 19 days | — | National Progressive | 23. Ryti I SDP–ML–ED–RKP | ||
| — | 24. Ryti I SDP–ML–KOK–ED–RKP | |||||||||
| — | 
|
Rudolf Walden (1878–1946) Interim Prime Minister |
19 December 1940 |
4 January 1941 |
17 days | — | Independent | Risto Ryti (1940–1944) | ||
| 15 | 
|
Johan Wilhelm Rangell (1894–1982) |
4 January 1941 |
5 March 1943 |
2 years, 61 days | — | National Progressive | 25. Rangell SDP–ML–KOK–RKP–ED–IKL | ||
| 16 | 
|
Edwin Linkomies (1894–1963) |
5 March 1943 |
8 August 1944 |
1 year, 157 days | — | National Coalition | 26. Linkomies KOK–SDP–ML–RKP–ED | ||
| Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (1944–1946) | ||||||||||
| 17 | 
|
Antti Hackzell (1881–1946) |
8 August 1944 |
21 September 1944 |
45 days | — | Independent | 27. Hackzell KOK–SDP–ML–RKP–ED | ||
| 18 | 
|
Urho Castrén (1886–1965) |
21 September 1944 |
17 November 1944 |
58 days | — | National Coalition | 28. U. Castrén KOK–SDP–ML–RKP–ED | ||
| (2) |
|
Juho Kusti Paasikivi (1870–1956) |
17 November 1944 |
9 March 1946 |
1 year, 113 days | — | National Coalition | 29. Paasikivi II SDP–SKDL–ML–KOK–RKP–ED | ||
| 1945
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