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| Total population | |
|---|---|
 241,000,000 (2022)87.02% of the population[1] | |
| Languages | |
| Islam by country |
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 Islam portal |
Islam is the largest religion in Indonesia, with 87% of the Indonesian population identifying themselves as Muslims, based on civil registry data in 2022.[1] In terms of denomination, the overwhelming majority are Sunni Muslims; the Pew Research Center estimates them as comprising ~99% of the country's Muslim population in 2011,[3] with the remaining 1% being Shia who are concentrated around Jakarta[4] and about 400,000 Ahmadi as well.[5] Indonesia is the most populous Muslim-majority country.
In terms of schools of jurisprudence, based on demographic statistics, 99% of Indonesian Muslims mainly follow the Shafi'i school,[6][7] although when asked, 56% do not adhere to any specific school.[8] Trends of thought within Islam in Indonesia can be broadly categorized into two orientations: "modernism", which closely adheres to orthodox theology while embracing modern learning, and "traditionalism", which tends to follow the interpretations of local religious leaders and religious teachers at Islamic boarding schools (pesantren). There is also a historically important presence of a syncretic form of Islam known as kebatinan.
Islam in Indonesia is considered to have gradually spread through merchant activities by Arab Muslim traders, adoption by local rulers, and the influence of Sufism since the 13th century.[9][10][11] During the late colonial era, it was adopted as a rallying banner against colonialism.[12] A 2023 Pew Research Center report gave 93% of the adult Indonesian population identifying themselves as Muslim.[13] Today, although Indonesia has an overwhelming Muslim majority, it is not an Islamic state, but constitutionally a secular state whose government officially recognizes six formal religions.[a]
Distribution
Islam in Indonesia by ethnic groups (2010)[16]
Muslims constitute a majority in most regions of Java, Sumatra, West Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, coastal areas of Kalimantan, and North Maluku. Muslims form distinct minorities in Papua, Bali, East Nusa Tenggara, parts of North Sumatra, most inland areas of Kalimantan, and North Sulawesi. Together, these non-Muslim areas originally constituted more than one-third of Indonesia prior to the massive transmigration effort sponsored by the Suharto government and recent spontaneous internal migration.[citation needed]
Internal migration has altered the demographic makeup of the country over the past three decades. It has increased the percentage of Muslims in formerly predominantly-Christian eastern parts of the country. By the early 1990s, Christians became a minority for the first time in some areas of the Maluku Islands. While government-sponsored transmigration from the heavily-populated Java and Madura to less-populated areas contributed to the increase in the Muslim population in the resettlement areas, no evidence suggests that the government intended to create a Muslim majority in Christian areas, and most Muslim migration seemed spontaneous. Regardless of its intent, the economic and political consequences of the transmigration policy contributed to religious conflicts in Maluku, Central Sulawesi, and to a lesser extent, Papua.[citation needed]
Islam in Indonesia by province & region
This is a data table of the percentage of Muslims in Indonesia, provided by the Ministry of Religious Affairs:[1]
| Province | Muslim population | Total population | Muslim percentage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aceh (Highest Percentage of Muslims) | 5,356,635 | 5,432,312 | 98.61% |
| Bali | 434,941 | 4,304,574 | 10.10% |
| Bangka Belitung Islands | 1,344,903 | 1,490,418 | 90.24% |
| Banten | 11,686,756 | 12,321,660 | 94.85% |
| Bengkulu | 2,017,860 | 2,065,573 | 97.69% |
| Central Java | 36,773,442 | 37,783,666 | 97.33% |
| Central Kalimantan | 2,011,763 | 2,706,950 | 74.32% |
| Central Papua | 162,740 | 1,348,463 | 12.07% |
| Central Sulawesi | 2,450,867 | 3,099,717 | 79.07% |
| East Java | 40,179,566 | 41,311,181 | 97.26% |
| East Kalimantan | 3,446,652 | 3,941,766 | 87.44% |
| East Nusa Tenggara | 523,523 | 5,543,239 | 9.44% |
| Gorontalo | 1,191,484 | 1,215,387 | 98.03% |
| Highland Papua (Lowest Population and Percentage of Muslims) | 27,357 | 1,459,544 | 1.87% |
| Jakarta C. R. | 9,491,619 | 11,317,271 | 83.87% |
| Jambi | 3,514,415 | 3,696,044 | 95.09% |
| Lampung | 8,598,009 | 8,947,458 | 96.09% |
| Maluku | 997,724 | 1,893,324 | 52.70% |
| North Kalimantan | 533,675 | 726,989 | 73.41% |
| North Maluku | 1,005,727 | 1,346,267 | 74.70% |
| North Sulawesi | 849,253 | 2,666,821 | 31.85% |
| North Sumatra | 10,244,655 | 15,372,437 | 66.64% |
| Papua | 320,442 | 1,073,354 | 29.85% |
| Riau | 5,870,015 | 6,743,099 | 87.05% |
| Riau Islands | 1,671,242 | 2,133,491 | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Islam_in_Indonesia