A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
| COVID-19 pandemic in Italy | |
|---|---|
| Disease | COVID-19 |
| Virus strain | SARS-CoV-2 |
| Location | Italy |
| First outbreak | Wuhan, Hubei, China |
| Index case | Rome |
| Arrival date | 31 January 2020 (4 years, 4 months, 1 week and 3 days)[1] |
| Confirmed cases | 26,722,730[2] |
| Active cases | 141,988[3] |
| Hospitalized cases | 2,831[3] (active) |
| Critical cases | 104[3] (active) |
| Recovered | 25,320,467[3] (total, incl. discharged) |
Deaths | 197,018[2] |
| Fatality rate | 0.74% |
| Vaccinations | |
| Government website | |
| salute | |
The COVID-19 pandemic in Italy is part of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
The virus was first confirmed to have spread to Italy on 31 January 2020, when two Chinese tourists in Rome tested positive for the virus.[1] One week later an Italian man repatriated to Italy from the city of Wuhan, China, was hospitalized and confirmed as the third case in Italy.[4] Clusters of cases were later detected in Lombardy and Veneto on 21 February,[5] with the first deaths on 22 February.[6] By the beginning of March, there had been confirmed cases in all regions of Italy.[7][8][9][10]
On 31 January, the Italian government suspended all flights to and from China and declared a state of emergency. In February, eleven municipalities in northern Italy were identified as the centres of the two main Italian clusters and placed under quarantine. The majority of positive cases in other regions traced back to these two clusters.[11] On 8 March 2020, Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte expanded the quarantine to all of Lombardy and 14 other northern provinces, and on the following day to all of Italy, placing more than 60 million people in lockdown.[12][13][14] On 11 March 2020, Conte prohibited nearly all commercial activity except for supermarkets and pharmacies.[15][16] On 21 March, the Italian government closed all non-essential businesses and industries, and restricted movement of people.[17] In May, many restrictions were gradually eased,[18] and on 3 June, freedom of movement across regions and other European countries was restored.[19] In October, Italy was hit by the second wave of the pandemic, which brought the government to introduce further restrictions on movement and social life, which were gradually eased in mid-2021.[20]
By 18 January, Italy had tested about 48 million people.[21] Due to the limited number of tests performed, the real number of infected people in Italy, as in other countries, is estimated to be higher than the official count.[22][23][24][25] In May 2020, the Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat) estimated 11,000 more deaths for COVID-19 in Italy than the confirmed ones.[26][27] This estimation was later confirmed in October 2020 by a second Istat report.[28][29] In March 2021, Istat published a new report in which it detected an excess mortality of 100,526 deaths in 2020, compared to the average of the previous five years.[30] Moreover, 2020 became the year with the highest number of deaths since 1945, when Italy was fighting in World War II on its soil.[31]
During the peak of the pandemic, Italy's number of active cases was one of the highest in the world.[32] As of 17 March 2023[update], Italy has 141,988 active cases.[32] Overall, there have been 26,722,730 confirmed cases and 197,018 deaths (a rate of 3,337.169 deaths per million population),[33] while there have been 25,320,467 recoveries or dismissals.[3]
As of 4 February 2023, a total of 150,178,254 vaccine doses have been administered.[34]
Background
On 31 December 2019, the Health Commission of Wuhan, Hubei, China, informed the WHO about a cluster of acute pneumonia cases with unknown origin in its province. On 9 January 2020, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) reported the identification of a novel coronavirus (later identified as the SARS-CoV-2) as the cause.[35] In late January 2020, following the developments of COVID-19 outbreak in mainland China, on 3 February, Italy set up enhanced screening measures, including thermal cameras and medical staff at airports.[36]
Timeline
Management
| History of Italy |
|---|
 |
 Italy portal |
First measures
On 31 January 2020, the Italian Council of Ministers appointed Angelo Borrelli, head of the Civil Protection, as Special Commissioner for the COVID-19 emergency.[37][38]
On 22 February, the government announced a new decree imposing the quarantine of more than 50,000 people from 11 municipalities in Northern Italy. The quarantine zones are called the Red Zones and the areas in Lombardy and Veneto outside of them are called the Yellow Zones.[39] Penalties for violations range from a €206 fine to three months of imprisonment.[40] The Italian military and law enforcement agencies were instructed to secure and implement the lockdown.[41]
Schools were closed in ten municipalities in Lombardy, one in Veneto and one in Emilia Romagna. All public events were cancelled and commercial activities open to the public were halted or were allowed to resume only until 6 pm.[42] All religious services were cancelled.[43] Regional train services to the most affected areas were suspended, with trains skipping stops at Codogno, Maleo and Casalpusterlengo stations.[44][45]
People with symptoms were advised to call the 112 emergency number, instead of going directly to hospitals, in an effort to limit the disease's spread.[46] The Ministry of Health provided a website and a direct line (1500) from which people could obtain the latest updates and information, as well as report suspected cases.[47]
Educational trips to destinations in Italy and abroad were suspended. Universities in Lombardy, Veneto, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Piedmont and Emilia-Romagna suspended all activities from 23 February until 1 March.[48][49]
On 22 February 2020, Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte suspended all sporting events in the regions of Lombardy and Veneto, which included three Serie A football matches in those regions, as well as one in Piedmont, that were to be played the following day.[50][51][52] The following week, six Serie A matches were initially to be played behind closed doors, but all were later suspended,[53][54][55] as were two Coppa Italia matches.[56][57]
Authorities in Veneto cancelled the last two days of the Carnival of Venice on 23 February.[58] Authorities in Piedmont cancelled the last three days of the Carnival of Ivrea.[59]
La Scala, Milan Cathedral and Piccolo Teatro in Milan, as well as St Mark's Basilica in Venice, were closed until further notice.[60][61][62] A Giorgio Armani fashion show, which was scheduled on Sunday, the last day of Milan Fashion Week 2020, went ahead without any media or buyers present; it was instead streamed live online.[63][64]
In addition to the emergency phone numbers 112 and 118, new dedicated numbers were added for the different regions – Lombardy 800894545, Campania 800909699, Veneto 800462340, Piedmont 800333444 and Emilia-Romagna 800033033.[65][66][67][68] The Ocean Viking, a rescue ship operated by MSF and SOS Mediteranee that was carrying almost 300 migrants, was quarantined for 14 days in Pozzallo, Sicily.[69] Trenitalia and Italo, the major providers for Italy's high-speed trains, ordered the installation of hand-sanitiser dispensers on all trains as well as the distribution of masks, disposable gloves and disinfectants to all onboard staff members.[70]
Supermarkets in Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna were emptied by customers as residents stockpiled food and supplies.[71][72][73] Streets, parks and train stations in multiple cities in Lombardy were left deserted.[74][75]
On 24 February 500 additional police officers were assigned to patrol the quarantined areas in Lodi and Veneto.[76] Additional toll-free numbers were added for other regions — Aosta Valley 800122121, Trentino Alto Adige 800751751, Friuli-Venezia Giulia 800500300, Toscana 800556060, Umbria 800636363, Marche 800936677 and Lazio 800118800.[68]
The governor of Basilicata, Vito Bardi, instituted a mandatory 14-day quarantine for people arriving from areas in Northern Italy affected by the outbreak.[76] The Ministry of Health announced that it had engaged 31 laboratories in Italy to carry out the analysis of swabs from suspected COVID-19 cases.[77] Minister Roberto Speranza appointed Walter Ricciardi, a member of World Health Organization's executive committee and former president of Italian National Institute of Health, as a special adviser for relations between Italy and international health organisations.[78] Filming of Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One starring Tom Cruise in Venice was halted.[79]
Major companies such as IBM, Enel, Luxottica, PricewaterhouseCoopers and Vodafone continued to allow remote work by employees. Generali Tower in Milan and Palazzo Madama in Rome installed thermal scanners to measure temperatures of visitors and employees.[80][81] FAO Headquarters in Rome conducted temperature checks on visitors entering the building.[82]
Multiple regions in Italy such as Liguria, Trentino Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Abruzzo and Marche decided to close all schools and universities for two days to a week. Court proceedings were postponed until further notice.[67]
The FTSE MIB Index fell by 6% and other stock market indices across Europe were also affected.[85] Over 300,000 calls per day were logged on Lombardy's toll-free line as well as the emergency number 112.[86] Some of the residents inside the Red Zone managed to leave the quarantined areas daily, bypassing the checkpoints by going through back roads.[87][88]
On 25 February, Aviano Air Base closed all schools until 28 February.[89] General Tod D. Walters issued a travel ban covering the areas of Italy affected by the outbreak for US service members and their families.[90] Driver's licence exams were suspended in Lombardy and Veneto.[91] The number of checkpoints in the Red Zones was increased from 15 to 35, and army personnel were sent to help staff the checkpoints.[92]
The Italian Basketball Federation suspended all of its championship games, including Lega Basket Serie A.[93]
Istituto Tecnico Economico Enrico Tosi in Varese, Istituto Comprensivo di Pianoro in Bologna and Liceo Attilio Bertolucci in Parma conducted lessons for students online while waiting for the schools to reopen.[94][95][96] The University of Palermo suspended all activities until 9 March.[97]
Morgan Stanley, Barclays, Mediobanca and UniCredit encouraged remote work by Milan staff.[98]
Multiple fairs and exhibitions were rescheduled. Salone del Mobile was postponed to 16 to 21 June.[99] Bologna Children's Book Fair was rescheduled to 4 to 7 May.[100] Cosmoprof Worldwide Bologna, a cosmetic fair, was rescheduled to 11 to 15 June.[101] Expocasa, a furniture fair in Turin, was rescheduled initially to 28 March to 5 April but later to a future date to be announced later.[102][103] Roma Motodays was postponed to 17 to 19 April.[104]
Italy opened a probe into skyrocketing online prices for masks and sanitising gels. Police issued warnings that criminals were using false identities and posing as health inspectors to gain access to people's homes to steal money, jewellery and other valuables.[105]
On 26 February, Director of the Italian National Institute of Health Franco Locatelli announced that swabbing would only be performed on symptomatic patients, as 95% of the swabs previously tested were negative.[106]
The Italian Minister of University and Research, Gaetano Manfredi, announced that online lessons would be delivered to students in areas affected by the outbreak starting on 2 March.[107] Palermo and Naples closed all schools until 29 February.[108][109] The University of Basilicata installed a thermal scanner and continued all teaching activities as per normal.[110] The University of Bari suspended all medical- and health-related internships for medical and healthcare students.[111] Politecnico di Milano conducted thesis mentoring for more than one thousand students graduating the following week using Skype.[112]
The Italian Winter Sports Federation decided to proceed with the Women's World Cup alpine skiing races at La Thuile, Aosta Valley on 29 February.[113] The MIDO Milan Eyewear Show was rescheduled to 5 to 7 July.[114]
On 27 February, Taranto, Apulia closed all schools until 29 February.[115] Multiple schools were closed in Roseto degli Abruzzi.[116] D'Annunzio University suspended all activities until 29 February.[117] Cartoocomics Fair in Milan was rescheduled to 2 to 4 October.[118] The Winter Rescue Race in Piedmont was cancelled.[119] University of Bologna planned to set up a remote teaching project in which exams and lessons would be delivered to students online, to be partially completed on 2 March.[120] Messina closed all schools from 29 February to 3 March.[121]
On 28 February, during an interview with Rai News24, Professor Massimo Galli from the Luigi Sacco Hospital in Milan suggested that the majority of newly recorded cases were pre-existing cases that were finally detected during the extensive tests performed on people (and their relatives) who had come in contact with confirmed patients.[122] The rapid increase of positive cases was the result of the blanket testing approach that was deployed following the first confirmed case in Codogno.[123]
The Ministry of Health announced new guidelines for reporting cases. It would no longer report asymptomatic cases (positive swabs taken from patients who were not showing symptoms), which had counted as 40 to 50% of all reported cases at the time. These people would undergo isolation at home and would be followed up with new tests until they were negative.[124][125] Universities in Lombardy extended their closure until 7 March.[89]
Nationwide measures
On 1 March, the Council of Ministers approved a decree to organise the containment of the outbreak. In the decree, the Italian national territory was divided into three areas:[126]
- A red zone (composed of the municipalities of Bertonico, Casalpusterlengo, Castelgerundo, Castiglione D'Adda, Codogno, Fombio, Maleo, San Fiorano, Somaglia and Terranova dei Passerini in Lombardy, and the municipality of Vo' in Veneto), where the whole population is in quarantine.
- A yellow zone (composed of the regions of Lombardy, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna), where social and sports events are suspended and schools, theatres, clubs, and cinemas are closed.
- The rest of the national territory, where safety and prevention measures are advertised in public places and special sanitisations are performed on means of public transport.
On 4 March, the Italian government imposed the shutdown of all schools and universities nationwide for two weeks as the country reached 100 deaths from the outbreak.[127][128] The same day, the government ruled that all sporting events in Italy would be played behind closed doors until 3 April.[129]
On 5 March, when the newly appointed Emilia-Romagna regional minister of health, Raffale Donini, tested positive for COVID-19, Governor Stefano Bonaccini appointed Sergio Venturi as commissioner for the emergency. Venturi was the regional minister of health until February 2020.[130]
In the night between 7 and 8 March, the government approved a decree to lock down Lombardy and 14 other provinces in Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Piedmont and Marche, involving more than 16 million people.[131] The decree "absolutely avoided any movement into and out of the areas" and, like the previous one, it provided sanctions of up to three months in prison for those who violated the lockdown.[132] It was possible to move into and out of the areas only for emergencies or "proven working needs", which must be authorised by the prefect.[133] The decree also established the closure of all gyms, swimming pools, spas and wellness centres. Shopping centres had to be closed on weekends, while other commercial activities could remain open if a distance of one metre between customers could be guaranteed.[134] The decree imposed the closure of museums, cultural centres and ski resorts in the lockdown areas and the closure of cinemas, theatres, pubs, dance schools, game rooms, betting rooms and bingo halls, discos and similar places in the entire country.[134] Civil and religious ceremonies, including funeral ceremonies, were suspended. All organised events were also suspended, as well as events in public or private places, including those of a cultural, recreational, sporting and religious nature, even if held in closed places.[135] This measure was described as the largest lockdown in the history of Europe,[136][137] as well as the most aggressive response taken in any region beyond China, and paralysed the wealthiest parts of the country as Italy attempted to constrain the rapid spread of the disease.[138][139]
Riots broke out in many penitentiaries throughout Italy after restrictions on conjugal visits were imposed by the government in the 8 March decree.[140] Nine prisoners died in Modena and three in Rieti,[141][142] while 76 detainees escaped from Foggia's penitentiary.[143][144][145] Two prison agents were assaulted and kidnapped in Pavia.[146] On 9 March in Bologna, detainees took control of the Dozza penitentiary, forcing personnel to exit the building. On 11 March, two prisoners were found dead in Bologna's penitentiary.[147] In total, fourteen prisoners died in the whole country.[148]
On 9 March, the government announced that all sporting events in Italy would be cancelled until at least 3 April, but the ban did not include Italian clubs or national teams participating in international competitions.[149] In the evening, Conte announced in a press conference that all measures previously applied only in the so-called "red zones" had been extended to the whole country, putting approximately 60 million people in lockdown. Conte later proceeded to officially sign the new executive decree.[150][151]
On 11 March, the government allocated 25 billion euros for the emergency.[152] In the evening, Conte announced a tightening of the lockdown, with all commercial and retail businesses except those providing essential services, like grocery shops and pharmacies, closed down.[16][15][153] He also appointed Domenico Arcuri as Delegated Commissioner for the Emergency. Arcuri will cooperate with Commissioner Angelo Borrelli with the aim of strengthening the distribution of intensive care equipment.[154]
On 16 March 2020, the Italian government introduced the Cura Italia emergency package, valued at €25 billion and accounting for 1.1% of the GDP.[155] The package was the earliest financial response to the COVID-19 outbreak and aimed at supporting the Italian health care system, as well as its citizens and businesses.[155] It included "funds to strengthen the Italian health care system and civil protection (€3.2 billion); measures to preserve jobs and support income of laid-off workers and self-employed (€10.3 billion); other measures to support businesses, including tax deferrals and postponement of utility bill payments in most affected municipalities (€6.4 billion); as well as measures to support credit supply (€5.1 billion)."[156]
On 19 March, the Army was deployed to the city of Bergamo, the worst hit Italian city by COVID-19, as the local authorities can no longer process the number of dead residents. The city's mayor Giorgio Gori said the true number of dead could be much higher than reported.[157] Army trucks transported bodies to crematoriums in several other cities, as cemeteries in the city were full.[158] On the following day, the Army was called in to assist the police forces in enforcing the lockdown.[159]
On 20 March, the Ministry of Health ordered tighter regulations on free movement. The new measures banned open-air sports and running, except individually and in close proximity of one's residence. Parks, playgrounds, and public green were closed down. Furthermore, movement across the country was further restricted, by banning "any movement towards a residence different from the main one", including holiday homes, during weekends and holidays.[160]
On 21 March, Conte announced further restrictions within the nationwide lockdown, by halting all non-essential production, industries and businesses in Italy, following the rise in the number of new cases and deaths in the previous days.[161] This measure had also been strongly asked for by multiple institutions, including trade unions, mayors, and regional presidents, as well as medical professionals, but was initially opposed by the industrialists.[162][163][164]
On 24 March, in a live-streamed press conference, Conte announced a new decree approved by the Council of Ministers. The decree imposed higher fines for the violation of the restrictive measures, and regulation of the relationship between government and Parliament during the emergency. It included also the possibility of reducing or suspending public and private transport, and gave the regional governments power to impose additional restrictive regulations in their regions for a maximum of seven days before being confirmed by national decree.[165][166]
On 1 April, the government extended the period of lockdown until 13 April, with health minister Speranza saying that the restrictive measures had begun to yield the first positive results.[167]
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On 6 April, the government announced a new economic stimulus plan, consisting of €200 billion of state-guaranteed loans to companies and additional €200 billion of guarantees to support exports.[168]
On 7 April, after more than a month of suspension, the Italian Basketball Federation officially ended the 2019–20 LBA season, without assigning the title.[169]
On 8 April, a government's decree closed all Italian ports until 31 July, stating that they do not ensure the necessary requirements for the classification and definition of "safe place", established by the Hamburg Rules on maritime search and rescue."[170]
On 10 April, Conte announced the prolongation of the lockdown until 3 May, as well as the reopening of some businesses like bookshops and forestry.[171]
On 26 April, the Prime Minister announced a starter plan for the so-called "phase 2", that would start from 4 May. Movements across regions would still be forbidden, while the ones between municipalities would be allowed only for work and health reasons, as well as for visits to relatives. The plan allowed the re-opening of manufacturing industries and construction sites, however schools, bars, restaurants and hairdressers would stay closed.[172][173]
On 13 May, Education Minister Lucia Azzolina announced schools would remain closed until September.[174]
On 16 May, Conte announced the government plan for the easing of restrictions. Starting from 18 May most businesses could reopen, and free movement was granted to all citizens within their region; movement across regions was still banned for non-essential motives. Furthermore, on 25 May swimming pools and gyms could also reopen, and on 15 June theatres and cinemas.[175]
On 3 June, free movement within the whole national territory was restored, de facto ending the lockdown started in March.[176]
Penalties for breaching isolation were increased with fines from €500 to €5,000 and imprisonment of up to 18 months.[177]
Containment measures on the second wave
Starting from July 2020, many countries in Europe, including Italy, witnessed a new rise in detected COVID-19 cases.[178][179] On 7 October, the Parliament postponed the end of the state of emergency to 31 January 2021, and Prime Minister Conte imposed the use of protection mask outdoors.[180] On 13 October 2020, the Italian government reintroduced stricter rules to limit the spread of COVID-19.[181] Demonstrations and gatherings of people were strictly forbidden.[182] Regions and municipalities were given the power to only tighten, but not release, containment measures.[183] On 25 October, Conte introduced new restrictions, imposing the closing of gyms, swimming pools, theatres and cinemas, as well as the closing of bars and restaurants by 6 pm.[184]
Variants of the virus and third wave
Predictive systems have proven reliable and confirmed the increase in cases and deaths since October 2020. The start of the vaccination campaign on 27 December 2020 did not limit the spread of the virus in the population that is still vulnerable, but safeguarded doctors and health professionals and partly the elderly and immuno-depressed patients. However, the appearance of numerous variants of the more lethal virus such as the English one,[185][186] and those still to be assessed as dangerous such as the South African and Brazilian or Amazonian ones together with a slowdown in the vaccination campaign due to a poor supply of vaccines will lead to a worsening of the prospects for containing the virus. and an increase of another 40,000 deaths by spring 2021.[187][188] [189]
The Delta variant
In June 2021, the COVID-19 Delta variant became predominant. The Delta variant is more contagious and is equally risky for those who have not had the COVID-19 vaccine or who have only taken the first dose. However, currently available data do not show an increase in the lethality rate.[190][191] Unfortunately, July 2021 confirms an increase in infections.[192] On July 16, 2021, The cases in Italy since the beginning of the epidemic are 4,281,214, the deaths 127,851. The discharged and healed are instead 4,110,649, with an increase of 1,070 compared to 15 July 2021. The current positives are 42,714, up 1,814 in the last 24 hours. People in home isolation are 41,465 (+1,807).[193] On summer 2021, under monitoring in Italy, there is another variant beyond the Delta, the Epsilon variant that was first identified in California, in the United States, in early 2021. The Epsilon variant can make sick those who are vaccinated or already cured of the COVID-19.[194]
Local measures
On 15 March, President of Campania Vincenzo De Luca imposed a strict quarantine on Ariano Irpino, in the province of Avellino, and four other municipalities in the province of Salerno, Atena Lucana, Caggiano, Polla, and Sala Consilina.[195]
On 16 March, President of Emilia-Romagna Stefano Bonaccini imposed a strengthened quarantine on the municipality of Medicina, near Bologna, since it had developed an intense outbreak. People were not allowed to enter or exit the town for any reason.[196]
In early April, Lombardy and Tuscany made it compulsory for all residents to wear a face mask when leaving their home.[197]
Due to the spike in COVID-19 cases in August, Italy's health minister, Roberto Speranza announced the closure of nightclubs in some parts of the country and made masks mandatory between 6 pm and 6 am, in crowded areas and at social gatherings. The restrictions came into effect on 17 August 2020.[198]
On 15 October 2020, the president of Campania De Luca, closed all schools and universities until 30 October 2020.[199] On 23 October, De Luca announced a regional lockdown, imposing restrictions to all not essential movements as well as a curfew.[200] In the night, riots and clashes happened in the streets of Naples to protest against the lockdown.[201]
The strategy of mass-testing asymptomatic carriers was proven to be successful in stopping the spread of the virus in one Italian town.[202][203][204] This strategy in Italy was supported by the region of Veneto.[205]
Vaccination campaign
The vaccination campaign began on 27 December 2020, when Italy received 9,750 doses of the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine. These doses were entirely used in the following days to vaccinate part of the medical and health personnel of hospitals. As a member of the EU, Italy would receive vaccine doses together with the other EU countries in a coordinated task managed by the European Commission.[206][207]
The first Italian region to start with vaccinations was Lazio, in the Spallanzani Hospital in Rome. On 6 January 2021, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) gave the green light to the Moderna vaccine.[208]
On 1 May 2021, Italy reached 20 million vaccinated with a single dose and 6 million with double dose.[209][210][211]
On 22 May 2021, Italy reached 30 million vaccinated with a single dose and 9.9 million with double dose.[212]
As of 3 September 2021, Italy has administered a total of 78,798,299 COVID vaccine doses.[32] Given that every person requires 2 doses of the COVID vaccine for full efficiency, the total number that has been administered is enough to cover approximately 65.1% of the country's population.[213]
In August 2021, hackers blocked an Italian booking system for vaccinations.[214]
 | Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
| Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Vaccine hesitancy
The New York Times reported that Bolzano had the highest rate of covid infection due to people there relying on herbal remedies instead of vaccination.[215]
Lifting lockdown
In June 2021, during the vaccination campaign, the government lifted some lockdown measures, such as mandatory masks.[216]
"Green Pass" and vaccination mandate
To contain the spread of new variants, in August 2021 the government extended the requirement of the EU Digital COVID Certificate, also known as "Green Pass", to the participation in sports events and music festivals, but also to the access to indoor places like bars, restaurants and gyms, as well as to long-distance public transportation.[217]
Due to increased infections and the desire to prevent further lockdowns, the "green pass" was made mandatory for all employees in Italy in September 2021. Failure to produce a health vaccine certificate to their employer will result in suspended pay for up to five days. Employees and employers that violate this requirement will face a fine between €400 and €1500. The unemployed and those living on pension are exempted from showing their health vaccine certificate.[218][219]
On 5 January 2022, Italy mandated vaccines for people over the age of 50. The decision was made to ease pressure on its health service and reduce fatalities. The option to be tested instead of vaccinated has been removed. Potential sanctions for non-compliance have yet to be announced.[220][221]
Endemic phase
On 15 November 2022, the Italian Minister of Health Orazio Schillaci appeared on a broadcast of Porta a Porta where he discussed the reduction of quarantine guidelines[222] and said Italy is in an "endemic phase of COVID, we must take the same precautions we had before for the flu".[223]
Lockdown areas
On 22 February 2020, the government established a lockdown for eleven municipalities in Lombardy and Veneto.[224]
| Comune | Province | Region | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bertonico | Lodi | Lombardy | 1,118 |
| Casalpusterlengo | Lodi | Lombardy | 15,293 |
| Castelgerundo | Lodi | Lombardy | 1,498 |
| Castiglione d'Adda | Lodi | Lombardy | 4,646 |
| Codogno | Lodi | Lombardy | 15,907 |
| Fombio | Lodi | Lombardy | 2,317 |
| Maleo | Lodi | Lombardy | 3,098 |
| San Fiorano | Lodi | Lombardy | 1,839 |
| Somaglia | Lodi | Lombardy | 3,837 |
| Terranova | Lodi | Lombardy | 927 |
| Vò | Padua | Veneto | 3,305 |
| Quarantine total | 53,785 | ||
On 7 March, the government prepared to extend until 3 April the restricted zone to all of Lombardy, plus fourteen other provinces in Veneto (3), Emilia-Romagna (5), Marche (1) and Piedmont (5).[226] The lockdown affects over 16 million people, roughly a quarter of Italy's total population, and prevents people from entering or leaving the zone, except "for proven occupational needs or situations of need or for health reasons",[227] under threat of fines.[228] The enclave nation of San Marino, which is nestled between two of the provinces, has been effectively locked down as well.[229]
