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Association football is the most popular sport, both in terms of participants and spectators, in London.[1] London has several of England's leading men's football clubs. The city is the home of seventeen men's professional clubs, several dozen men's semi-professional clubs and several hundred men's amateur clubs regulated by the London Football Association, Middlesex County Football Association, Surrey County Football Association and the Amateur Football Alliance.[2] Most London clubs are named after the district in which they play (or used to play), and share rivalries with each other.
London football teams have won a total of 21 English first division titles, 35 FA Cups, 12 EFL Cups, 8 Community Shields, 5 Football League Championships in the Premier League era, one Club World Cup, two Champions Leagues, five Cup Winners' Cups, four UEFA Cups/Europa Leagues, one Europa Conference League, one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, two Super Cups, and two Intertoto Cups. In the 1989–90 season, eight of London's professional clubs were in the top tier of English Football at the same time, meaning that 40% of the member clubs of the First Division that season were based in one city.
Introduction
Fulham was founded in 1879. The club is London's oldest football club still playing professionally. Royal Arsenal were London's first club to turn professional in 1891. The club became Woolwich Arsenal in 1893 and then became Arsenal Football Club in 1913. Arsenal are only the second English club (after Preston North End of 1888–89), and the only London club to go an entire League season unbeaten, in the 2003–04 season. Arsenal have won The FA Cup a record 14 times; they were the first London team to win the Football League First Division in the 1930–31 season and the first London club to win the Premier League in the 1997–98 season. They were also the first London club to reach the European Cup/UEFA Champions League final, which they did in the 2005–06 season, though losing 1–2 to Barcelona.
Chelsea is the only club from London to win the UEFA Champions League, securing the title in both 2012 and 2021. On 15 May 2013, Chelsea won the UEFA Europa League to become the fourth club and the first British side to win all three main UEFA club competitions. Chelsea are also the only London club to have participated in and win the FIFA Club World Cup in 2021, beating Palmeiras in the final. Previously, they were runners-up in 2012, losing to Corinthians.
Tottenham Hotspur were the first British club to win a European trophy, winning the Cup Winners Cup in 1963. Arsenal, Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur are traditionally London's most successful teams. Between them, they have won a total of 103 titles and trophies. Wembley Stadium, England's national stadium, is in London. The site of the 1966 World Cup Final and numerous European cup finals, it is the home venue of the England national football team and has traditionally hosted the FA Cup Final since 1923.
History
The playing of team ball games (almost certainly including football) was first recorded in London by William FitzStephen around 1174–1183. He described the activities of London youths during the annual festival of Shrove Tuesday.
- "After lunch all of the city's youth would go out into the fields to take part in a ball game. The students of each school have their own ball; the workers from each city craft are also carrying their balls. Older citizens, fathers, and the wealthy would come on horseback to watch their juniors competing, and to relive their own youth vicariously: you can see their inner passions aroused as they watch the action and get caught up in the fun being had by the carefree adolescents."[3]
Regular references to the game occurred throughout the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, including the first reference to the word "football" in English when it was outlawed by King Henry IV of England in 1409. Early games were probably disorganised and violent. In the sixteenth century, the headmaster of St Paul's School Richard Mulcaster is credited with taking mob football and transforming it into organised and refereed team football. In 1581 he wrote about his game of football, which included smaller teams, referees, set positions and even a coach.
The modern game of football was first codified in 1863 in London and subsequently spread worldwide. Key to the establishment of the modern game was Londoner Ebenezer Cobb Morley who was a founding member of the Football Association, the oldest football organisation in the world. Morley wrote to the Bell's Life newspaper proposing a governing body for football which led directly to the first meeting at the Freemasons' Tavern in central London of the FA. He wrote the first set of rules of true modern football at his house in Barnes. The modern passing form of the game was invented in London in the early 1870s by the Royal Engineers A.F.C.[4][5] (albeit the club were based in Chatham, Kent).
Prior to the first meeting of the Football Association in the Freemasons' Tavern in Great Queen Street, London on 26 October 1863, there were no universally accepted rules for the playing of the game of football. The founder members present at the first meeting were Barnes, Civil Service, Crusaders, Forest of Leytonstone (later to become Wanderers), N.N. (No Names) Club (Kilburn), the original Crystal Palace, Blackheath, Kensington School, Percival House (Blackheath), Surbiton and Blackheath Proprietary School; Charterhouse sent its captain, B.F. Hartshorne, but declined the offer to join. All of the 12 founding clubs were from London though many are since defunct or now play rugby union.
A rise in the popularity of football in London dates from the end of the 19th century, when a fall in church attendance[specify] left many people searching for a way to spend their weekend leisure time.[6] In 1882 the London Football Association was set up. Over the next 25 years clubs sprang up all over the capital, and the majority of these teams are still thriving in the 21st century. Of those clubs currently playing in the Football League, Fulham is generally considered to be London's oldest, having been founded in 1879.[7] However, Isthmian League side Cray Wanderers is the oldest extant club in all of the Greater London area, having been founded in 1860 in St Mary Cray[8] | (then part of Kent but now in the London Borough of Bromley).
Initially, football in London was dominated by amateur teams, drawing their membership from former public schoolboys but gradually working-class sides came to the forefront. Royal Arsenal was London's first professional team, becoming so in 1891,[9] a move which saw them boycotted by the amateur London Football Association. Other London clubs soon followed Arsenal's footsteps in turning professional, including Millwall (1893), Tottenham Hotspur (1895), Fulham (1898) and West Ham (1898).
In the meantime, Woolwich Arsenal (formerly Royal Arsenal) went on to be the first London club to join the Football League, in 1893. The following year, the Southern League was founded and many of its members would go on to join the Football League. In 1901 Tottenham Hotspur became the first club from London to win the FA Cup in the professional era, although it would not be until 1931 that a London side would win the Football League, the team in question being Arsenal (having moved to Highbury in 1913 and dropping the "Woolwich" from their name).
In the 1989–90 season, eight of London's professional clubs were in the top tier of English Football at the same time, forming 40% of the First Division that season.
Historically, London clubs have not accumulated as many trophies as those from North West England, such as the 52 top-league English championships won by Liverpool, Manchester United, Everton and Manchester City; however, in the thirteen consecutive seasons since 2005–06, Arsenal, Chelsea, and Tottenham have consistently finished in the top six of the league table (92% top six finishes, after accounting for a Tottenham 8th, a Chelsea 10th and a Tottenham 11th) and are regarded as three of the Premier League's current "big six" alongside Liverpool, Manchester United, and Manchester City. In the two seasons immediately proceeding the start of this top six run, Arsenal and Chelsea became the first pair of London clubs to finish first and second in the top flight, with Arsenal winning in 2003–04, and Chelsea winning in 2004–05. The 2009–10 season saw Chelsea (1st), Arsenal (3rd) and Tottenham (4th) all finish in the top four, qualifying all three of these London teams into the same UEFA Champions League competition.
Before the 1996–97 season, when Chelsea started its run of consistent high finishes, the two highest profile London clubs were Arsenal and their long-standing North London rivals Tottenham Hotspur, both of whom were considered to be members of English football's "big five" (with Manchester United, Liverpool and Everton) for much of the post-war period. As of the end of the 2021–22 season, all three clubs were in the top ten in the all-time top-flight table for England – Arsenal at second overall, Tottenham at seventh overall and Chelsea at eighth overall.[10]
Clubs
The table below lists all London clubs in the top eight tiers of the English football league system: from the top division (the Premier League), down to Step 4 of the National League System. League status is correct for the 2023–24 season.
| Club | Stadium | Capacity | Founded | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Premier League (1) | ||||
| Arsenal | Emirates Stadium | 60,704 | 1886 | Originally based in Woolwich. First London club to become English League Champions, in 1931. Record FA Cup winners with 14 titles. Went unbeaten in the league in the 2003–04 season, becoming only the second team to do so after Preston North End. |
| Brentford | Brentford Community Stadium | 18,250 | 1889 | Founded as Brentford Rowing Club. Played at Griffin Park from 1904 to 2020 before moving grounds. |
| Chelsea | Stamford Bridge | 40,343 | 1905 | Won the last ever FA Cup final at the old Wembley in 2000 and first at the new stadium in 2007. The only London club to win the Champions League, Super Cup and the Club World Cup. |
| Crystal Palace | Selhurst Park | 25,486 | 1905 | A Crystal Palace team established in 1861 were FA founder members. |
| Fulham | Craven Cottage | 29,600 | 1879 | London's first professional club in the Football League. |
| Tottenham Hotspur | Tottenham Hotspur Stadium | 62,850 | 1882 | The only non-league team to win the FA Cup (in 1901) after the founding of the Football League. The first London club (as well as the first English club) to win a European trophy, the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1963. Also, inaugural winner of the UEFA Cup/Europa League in 1972. |
| West Ham United | London Stadium | 62,500 | 1895 | Founded as Thames Ironworks. Played at the Boleyn Ground from 1904 to 2016, before moving to Stratford. |
| EFL Championship (2) | ||||
| Millwall | The Den | 20,146 | 1885 | Founded in East London on the Isle of Dogs, moved south across the river to Bermondsey in 1910. |
| Queens Park Rangers | Loftus Road | 18,439 | 1882 | The team was renamed Queens Park Rangers in 1886 after the merger of St Jude's (formed in 1884) and Christchurch Rangers (formed 1882). |
| EFL League One (3) | ||||
| Charlton Athletic | The Valley | 27,111 | 1905 | Won FA Cup in 1947. Have ground-shared at Selhurst Park and the Boleyn Ground. |
| Leyton Orient | Brisbane Road | 9,271 | 1881 | Leyton Orient was originally formed by members of the Glyn Cricket Club. |
| EFL League Two (4) | ||||
| AFC Wimbledon | Plough Lane | 9,300 | 2002 | Formed by fans of Wimbledon in protest after the club announced relocation to Milton Keynes. Starting at the ninth level of the football pyramid, they won promotion to the Football League in 2011. |
| Sutton United | Gander Green Lane | 5,013 | 1898 | The 2021–22 season was Sutton's first season in the Football League. |
| National League (5) | ||||
| Barnet | The Hive Stadium | 5,100 | 1888 | First London team to be promoted from the Football Conference into the Football League, in 1991. |
| Bromley | Hayes Lane | 5,000 | 1892 | Won the FA Trophy in 2022. |
| Dagenham & Redbridge | Victoria Road | 6,078 | 1992 | Formed through a merger of Dagenham (formed in 1949) and Redbridge Forest (1979). |
| Wealdstone | Grosvenor Vale | 4,085 | 1899 | First ever non-League team to achieve the double of FA Trophy and Football Conference title in the same season, in 1985. |
| National League South (6) | ||||
| Hampton & Richmond Borough | Beveree Stadium | 3,500 | 1921 | Known as Hampton FC until 1999. |
| Welling United | Park View Road | 3,500 | 1963 | Took over the ground that used to be played on by defunct club Bexley United. |
| Isthmian League Premier Division (7) | ||||
| Carshalton Athletic | War Memorial Sports Ground | 5,000 | 1905 | |
| Cheshunt | Theobalds Lane | 3,000 | 1946 | |
| Cray Wanderers | Hayes Lane | 5,000 | 1860 | Currently groundsharing at Bromley. |
| Dulwich Hamlet | Champion Hill | 3,000 | 1893 | Have groundshared with Tooting & Mitcham United. |
| Enfield Town | Queen Elizabeth II Stadium | 2,500 | 2001 | Founded by supporters of Enfield protest against the club owners' actions. |
| Haringey Borough | Coles Park | 2,500 | 1973 | |
| Hornchurch | Hornchurch Stadium | 3,500 | 2005 | Founded as successors to Hornchurch F.C. Renamed from AFC Hornchuch to Hornchuch FC in 2019 |
| Kingstonian | King George's Field | 2,000 | 1885 | Currently groundsharing at Corinthian-Casuals. |
| Wingate & Finchley | The Maurice Rebak Stadium | 1,500 | 1991 | Formed after Finchley and Wingate merged. |
| Southern Football League Premier Division South (7) | ||||
| Harrow Borough | Earlsmead Stadium | 3,070 | 1933 | |
| Hayes & Yeading United | SkyEx Community Stadium | 2,500 | 2007 | Formed through a merger of Hayes and Yeading. |
| Hendon | Silver Jubilee Park | 1,990 | 1908 | |
| Isthmian League Division One North (8) | ||||
| Romford | Brentwood Centre Arena | 1,000 | 1992 | Groundsharing at Brentwood Town. |
| Isthmian League Division One South Central (8) | ||||
| Barking | Mayesbrook Park | 2,500 | 2006 | |
| Bedfont Sports | Bedfont Recreation Ground | 3,000 | 2002 | |
| Corinthian-Casuals | King George's Field | 2,000 | 1939 | Formed after Corinthian and Casuals merged |
| Hanwell Town | Reynolds Field | 3,000 | 1920 | |
| Northwood | Acretweed Stadium | 3,075 | 1926 | |
| Tooting & Mitcham United | Imperial Fields | 3,500 | 1932 | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Football_in_London|