The New York Times

All the News That's Fit to Print
The New York Times print edition on January 13, 2024
Type	Daily newspaper
Format	Broadsheet
Owner(s)	The New York Times Company
Founder(s)	Henry Jarvis Raymond George Jones
Publisher	A. G. Sulzberger
Editor-in-chief	Joseph Kahn
Managing editor	Marc Lacey Carolyn Ryan
Staff writers	1,700 (2023)
Founded	September 18, 1851; 172 years ago (1851-09-18)
Headquarters	620 Eighth Avenue New York, NY 10018 United States
Circulation	10,360,000 news subscribers[a] (as of May 2024)
Sister newspapers	International Herald Tribune (1967–2013) The New York Times International Edition (1943–1967; 2013–present)
ISSN	0362-4331 (print) 1553-8095 (web)
OCLC number	1645522
Website	nytimes.com

This article is part of a series about
The New York Times
History 1851–1896 1896–1945 1945–1998 1998–present Online platforms
Publications
The New York Times The Upshot
Other publications The New York Times International Edition International Herald Tribune The New York Times Magazine The New York Times Book Review Play T
People
Executives and board members A. G. Sulzberger Meredith Kopit Levien
Notable employees Maggie Haberman
The New York Times Company
Litigation New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964) New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) New York Times Co. v. Tasini (2001)
Controversies MoveOn.org ad controversy
Related The New York Times Building
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The New York Times (NYT)^[b] is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. The New York Times covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of the longest-running newspapers in the United States, it serves as one of the country's newspapers of record. As of May 2024, the newspaper has a readership of 9.9 million digital-only subscribers and 640,000 print subscribers, making it the second-largest newspaper in the United States by print circulation behind The Wall Street Journal. The Times has received 137 Pulitzer Prizes as of 2023, the most of any publication, among other accolades. The New York Times is published by The New York Times Company; since 1896, the company has been chaired by the Ochs-Sulzberger family, including its current chairman and the paper's publisher, A. G. Sulzberger. The Times is headquartered at The New York Times Building in Midtown Manhattan.

The Times was founded as the conservative New-York Daily Times in 1851, and came to national recognition in the 1870s with its aggressive coverage of corrupt politician William M. Tweed. Following the Panic of 1893, Chattanooga Times publisher Adolph Ochs gained a controlling interest in the company. In 1935, Ochs was succeeded by his son-in-law, Arthur Hays Sulzberger, who began a push into European news. Sulzberger's son-in-law Arthur Ochs became publisher in 1963, adapting to a changing newspaper industry and introducing radical changes. The New York Times was involved in the landmark 1964 U.S. Supreme Court case New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, which restricted the ability of public officials to sue the media for defamation.

In 1971, The New York Times published the Pentagon Papers, an internal Department of Defense document detailing the United States's historical involvement in the Vietnam War, despite pushback from then-president Richard Nixon. In the landmark decision New York Times Co. v. United States (1971), the Supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment guaranteed the right to publish the Pentagon Papers. In the 1980s, the Times began a two-decade progression to digital technology and launched nytimes.com in 1996. In the 21st century, The New York Times has shifted online amid the global decline of newspapers, while simultaneously repleting in-depth regional news coverage both domestically and internationally, maintaining journalism staff on the ground on all six inhabited continents.

The Times has expanded to several other publications, including The New York Times Magazine, The New York Times International Edition, and The New York Times Book Review. In addition, the paper has produced several television series, podcasts—including The Daily—and games through The New York Times Games. The New York Times has been involved in several controversies in its history.

History

1851–1896

The New York Times was established in 1851 by New-York Tribune journalists Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones.^[4] The Times experienced significant circulation, particularly among conservatives; New-York Tribune publisher Horace Greeley praised the New-York Daily Times.^[5] During the American Civil War, Times correspondents gathered information directly from Confederate states.^[6] In 1869, Jones inherited the paper from Raymond,^[7] who had changed its name to The New-York Times.^[8] Under Jones, the Times began to publish a series of articles criticizing Tammany Hall political boss William M. Tweed, despite vehement opposition from other New York newspapers.^[9] In 1871, The New-York Times published Tammany Hall's accounting books; Tweed was tried in 1873 and sentenced to twelve years in prison. The Times earned national recognition for its coverage of Tweed.^[10] In 1891, Jones died, creating a management imbroglio in which his children had insufficient business acumen to inherit the company and his will prevented an acquisition of the Times.^[11] Editor-in-chief Charles Ransom Miller, editorial editor Edward Cary, and correspondent George F. Spinney established a company to manage The New-York Times,^[12] but faced financial difficulties during the Panic of 1893.^[13]

1896–1945

In August 1896, Chattanooga Times publisher Adolph Ochs acquired The New-York Times, implementing significant alterations to the newspaper's structure. Ochs established the Times as a merchant's newspaper and removed the hyphen from the newspaper's name.^[14] In 1905, The New York Times opened Times Tower, marking expansion.^[15] The Times experienced a political realignment in the 1910s amid several disagreements within the Republican Party.^[16] The New York Times reported on the sinking of the Titanic, as other newspapers were cautious about bulletins circulated by the Associated Press.^[17] Through managing editor Carr Van Anda, the Times focused on scientific advancements, reporting on Albert Einstein's then-unknown theory of general relativity and becoming involved in the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun.^[18] In April 1935, Ochs died, leaving his son-in-law Arthur Hays Sulzberger as publisher.^[19] The Great Depression forced Sulzberger to reduce The New York Times's operations,^[20] and developments in the New York newspaper landscape resulted in the formation of larger newspapers, such as the New York Herald Tribune and the New York World-Telegram.^[21] In contrast to Ochs, Sulzberger encouraged wirephotography.^[22]

The New York Times extensively covered World War II through large headlines,^[23] reporting on exclusive stories such as the Yugoslav coup d'état.^[24] Amid the war, Sulzberger began expanding the Times's operations further, acquiring WQXR-FM in 1944—the first non-Times investment since the Jones era—and established a fashion show in Times Hall. Despite reductions as a result of conscription, The New York Times retained the largest journalism staff of any newspaper.^[25] The Times's print edition became available internationally during the war through the Army & Air Force Exchange Service; The New York Times Overseas Weekly later became available in Japan through The Asahi Shimbun and in Germany through the Frankfurter Zeitung. The international edition would develop into a separate newspaper.^[26] Journalist William L. Laurence publicized the atomic bomb race between the United States and Germany, resulting in the Federal Bureau of Investigation seizing copies of the Times. The United States government recruited Laurence to document the Manhattan Project in April 1945.^[27] Laurence became the only witness of the Manhattan Project, a detail realized by employees of The New York Times following the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.^[28]

1945–1998

Following World War II, The New York Times continued to expand.^[29] The Times was subject to investigations from the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, a McCarthyist subcommittee that investigated purported communism from within press institutions. Arthur Hays Sulzberger's decision to dismiss a copyreader who plead the Fifth Amendment drew ire from within the Times and from external organizations.^[30] In April 1961, Sulzberger resigned, appointing his son-in-law, The New York Times Company president Orvil Dryfoos.^[31] Under Dryfoos, The New York Times established a newspaper based in Los Angeles.^[32] In 1962, the implementation of automated printing presses in response to increasing costs mounted fears over technological unemployment. The New York Typographical Union staged a strike in December, altering the media consumption of New Yorkers. The strike left New York with three remaining newspapers—the Times, the Daily News, and the New York Post—by its conclusion in March 1963.^[33] In May, Dryfoos died of a heart ailment.^[34] Following weeks of ambiguity, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger became The New York Times's publisher.^[35]

Technological advancements leveraged by newspapers such as the Los Angeles Times and improvements in coverage from The Washington Post and The Wall Street Journal necessitated adaptations to nascent computing.^[36] The New York Times published "Heed Their Rising Voices" in 1960, a full-page advertisement purchased by supporters of Martin Luther King Jr. criticizing law enforcement in Montgomery, Alabama for their response to the civil rights movement. Montgomery Public Safety commissioner L. B. Sullivan sued the Times for defamation. In New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the verdict in Alabama county court and the Supreme Court of Alabama violated the First Amendment.^[37] The decision is considered to be landmark.^[38] After financial losses, The New York Times ended its international edition, acquiring a stake in the Paris Herald Tribune, forming the International Herald Tribune.^[39] The Times initially published the Pentagon Papers, facing opposition from then-president Richard Nixon. The Supreme Court ruled in The New York Times's favor in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971), allowing the Times and The Washington Post to publish the papers.^[40]

The New York Times remained cautious in its initial coverage of the Watergate scandal.^[41] As Congress began investigating the scandal, the Times furthered its coverage,^[42] publishing details on the Huston Plan, alleged wiretapping of reporters and officials,^[43] and testimony from James W. McCord Jr. that the Committee for the Re-Election of the President paid the conspirators off.^[44] The exodus of readers to suburban New York newspapers, such as Newsday and Gannett papers, adversely affected The New York Times's circulation.^[45] Contemporary newspapers balked at additional sections; Time devoted a cover for its criticism and New York wrote that the Times was engaging in "middle-class self-absorption".^[46] The New York Times, the Daily News, and the New York Post were the subject of a strike in 1978,^[47] allowing emerging newspapers to leverage halted coverage.^[48] The Times deliberately avoided coverage of the AIDS epidemic, running its first front-page article in May 1983. Max Frankel's editorial coverage of the epidemic, with mentions of anal intercourse, contrasted with then-executive editor A. M. Rosenthal's puritan approach, intentionally avoiding descriptions of the luridity of gay venues.^[49]

Following years of waning interest in The New York Times, Sulzberger resigned in January 1992, appointing his son, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., as publisher.^[50] The Internet represented a generational shift within the Times; Sulzberger, who negotiated The New York Times Company's acquisition of The Boston Globe in 1993, derided the Internet, while his son expressed antithetical views. @times appeared on America Online's website in May 1994 as an extension of The New York Times, featuring news articles, film reviews, sports news, and business articles.^[51] Despite opposition, several employees of the Times had begun to access the Internet.^[52] The online success of publications that traditionally co-existed with the Times—such as America Online, Yahoo, and CNN—and the expansion of websites such as Monster.com and Craigslist that threatened The New York Times's classified advertisement model increased efforts to develop a website.^[53] nytimes.com debuted on January 19 and was formally announced three days later.^[54] The Times published domestic terrorist Ted Kaczynski's essay Industrial Society and Its Future in 1995, contributing to his arrest after his brother David recognized the essay's penmanship.^[55]

1998–present

Following the establishment of nytimes.com, The New York Times retained its journalistic hesitancy under executive editor Joseph Lelyveld, refusing to publish an article reporting on the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal from Drudge Report. nytimes.com editors conflicted with print editors on several occasions, including wrongfully naming security guard Richard Jewell as the suspect in the Centennial Olympic Park bombing and covering the death of Diana, Princess of Wales in greater detail than the print edition.^[56] The New York Times Electronic Media Company was adversely affected by the dot-com crash.^[57] The Times extensively covered the September 11 attacks. The following day's print issue contained sixty-six articles,^[58] the work of over three hundred dispatched reporters.^[59] Journalist Judith Miller was the recipient of a package containing a white powder during the 2001 anthrax attacks, furthering anxiety within The New York Times.^[60] In September 2002, Miller and military correspondent Michael R. Gordon wrote an article for the Times claiming that Iraq had purchased aluminum tubes. The article was cited by then-president George W. Bush to claim that Iraq was constructing weapons of mass destruction; the theoretical use of aluminum tubes to produce nuclear material was subject of debate.^[61] In March 2003, the United States invaded Iraq, beginning the Iraq War.^[62]

The New York Times attracted controversy after thirty-six articles^[63] from journalist Jayson Blair were discovered to be plagiarized.^[64] Criticism over then-executive editor Howell Raines and then-managing editor Gerald M. Boyd mounted following the scandal, culminating in a town hall in which a deputy editor criticized Raines for failing to question Blair's sources in article he wrote on the D.C. sniper attacks.^[65] In June 2003, Raines and Boyd resigned.^[66] Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. appointed Bill Keller as executive editor.^[67] Miller continued to report on the Iraq War as a journalistic embed covering the country's weapons of mass destruction program. Keller and then-Washington bureau chief Jill Abramson unsuccessfully attempted to subside criticism. Conservative media criticized the Times over its coverage of missing explosives from the Al Qa'qaa weapons facility.^[68] An article in December 2005 disclosing warrantless surveillance by the National Security Agency contributed to further criticism from the George W. Bush administration and the Senate's refusal to renew the Patriot Act.^[69] In the Plame affair, a Central Intelligence Agency inquiry found that Miller had become aware of Valerie Plame's identity through then-vice president Dick Cheney's chief of staff Scooter Libby, resulting in Miller's resignation.^[70]

During the Great Recession, The New York Times suffered significant fiscal difficulties as a consequence of the subprime mortgage crisis and a decline in classified advertising.^[71] Exacerbated by Rupert Murdoch's revitalization of The Wall Street Journal through his acquisition of Dow Jones & Company, The New York Times Company began enacting measures to reduce the newsroom budget. The company was forced to borrow US$250 million (equivalent to $353,786,707.88 in 2023) from Mexican billionaire Carlos Slim and fired over one hundred employees by 2010.^[72] nytimes.com's coverage of the Eliot Spitzer prostitution scandal, resulting in the resignation of then-New York governor Eliot Spitzer, furthered the legitimacy of the website as a journalistic medium.^[73] The Times's economic downturn renewed discussions of an online paywall;^[74] The New York Times implemented a paywall in March 2011.^[75] Abramson succeeded Keller,^[76] continuing her characteristic investigations into corporate and government malfeasance into the Times's coverage.^[77] Following conflicts with newly appointed chief executive Mark Thompson's ambitions,^[78] Abramson was dismissed by Sulzberger Jr., who named Dean Baquet as her replacement.^[79]

Leading up to the 2016 presidential election, The New York Times elevated the Hillary Clinton email controversy^[80] and the Uranium One controversy;^[81] national security correspondent Michael S. Schmidt initially wrote an article in March 2015 stating that Hillary Clinton had used a private email server as secretary of state.^[82] Donald Trump's upset victory contributed to an increase in subscriptions to the Times.^[83] The New York Times experienced unprecedented indignation from Trump, who referred to publications such as the Times as "enemies of the people" at the Conservative Political Action Conference and tweeting his disdain for the newspaper and CNN.^[84] In October 2017, The New York Times published an article by journalists Jodi Kantor and Megan Twohey alleging that dozens of women had accused film producer and The Weinstein Company co-chairman Harvey Weinstein of sexual misconduct.^[85] The investigation resulted in Weinstein's resignation and conviction,^[86] precipitated the Weinstein effect,^[87] and served as a catalyst for the #MeToo movement.^[88] The New York Times Company vacated the public editor position^[89] and eliminated the copy desk in November.^[90] Sulzberger Jr. announced his resignation in December 2017, appointing his son, A. G. Sulzberger, as publisher.^[91]

Trump's relationship—equally diplomatic and negative—marked Sulzberger's tenure.^[92] In September 2018, The New York Times published "I Am Part of the Resistance Inside the Trump Administration", an anonymous essay by a self-described Trump administration official later revealed to be Department of Homeland Security chief of staff Miles Taylor.^[93] The animosity—which extended to nearly three hundred instances of Trump disparaging the Times by May 2019—^[94] culminated in Trump informing federal agencies to cancel their subscriptions to The New York Times and The Washington Post in October 2019.^[95] Trump's tax returns have been the subject of three separate investigations.^[c] During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Times began implementing data services and graphs.^[99] On May 23, 2020, The New York Times's front page solely featured U.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss, a subset of the 100,000 people in the United States who died of COVID-19, the first time that the Times's front page lacked images since they were introduced.^[100] Since 2020, The New York Times has focused on broader diversification, developing online games and producing television series.^[101] The New York Times Company acquired The Athletic in January 2022.^[102]

Organization

Management

Since 1896, The New York Times has been published by the Ochs-Sulzberger family, having previously been published by Henry Jarvis Raymond until 1869^[103] and by George Jones until 1896.^[104] Adolph Ochs published the Times until his death in 1935,^[105] when he was succeeded by his son-in-law, Arthur Hays Sulzberger. Sulzberger was publisher until 1961^[106] and was succeeded by Orvil Dryfoos, his son-in-law, who served in the position until his death in 1963.^[107] Arthur Ochs Sulzberger succeeded Dryfoos until his resignation in 1992.^[108] His son, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., served as publisher until 2018. The New York Times's current publisher is A. G. Sulzberger, Sulzberger Jr.'s son.^[91] As of 2023, the Times's executive editor is Joseph Kahn^[109] and the paper's managing editors are Marc Lacey and Carolyn Ryan, having been appointed in June 2022.^[110] The New York Times's deputy managing editors are Sam Dolnick,^[111] Monica Drake,^[112] and Steve Duenes,^[113] and the paper's assistant managing editors are Matthew Ericson,^[114] Jonathan Galinsky, Hannah Poferl, Sam Sifton, Karron Skog,^[115] and Michael Slackman.^[116]

The New York Times is owned by The New York Times Company, a publicly traded company. The New York Times Company, in addition to the Times, owns Wirecutter, The Athletic, The New York Times Cooking, and The New York Times Games, and acquired Serial Productions and Audm. The New York Times Company holds undisclosed minority investments in multiple other businesses, and formerly owned The Boston Globe and several radio and television stations.^[117] The New York Times Company is majority-owned by the Ochs-Sulzberger family through elevated shares in the company's dual-class stock structure held largely in a trust, in effect since the 1950s;^[118] as of 2022, the family holds ninety-five percent of The New York Times Company's Class B shares, allowing it to elect seventy percent of the company's board of directors.^[119] Class A shareholders have restrictive voting rights.^[120] As of 2023, The New York Times Company's chief executive is Meredith Kopit Levien, the company's former chief operating officer who was appointed in September 2020.^[121]

Journalists

As of March 2023, The New York Times Company employs 5,800 individuals,^[101] including 1,700 journalists according to deputy managing editor Sam Dolnick.^[122] Journalists for The New York Times may not run for public office, provide financial support to political candidates or causes, endorse candidates, or demonstrate public support for causes or movements.^[123] Journalists are subject to the guidelines established in "Ethical Journalism" and "Guidelines on Integrity".^[124] According to the former, Times journalists must abstain from using sources with a personal relationship to them and must not accept reimbursements or inducements from individuals who may be written about in The New York Times, with exceptions for gifts of nominal value.^[125] The latter requires attribution and exact quotations, though exceptions are made for linguistic anomalies. Staff writers are expected to ensure the veracity of all written claims, but may delegate researching obscure facts to the research desk.^[126] In March 2021, the Times established a committee to avoid journalistic conflicts of interest with work written for The New York Times, following columnist David Brooks's resignation from the Aspen Institute for his undisclosed work on the initiative Weave.^[127]

Bureaus of The New York Times

Location	Chief
Afghanistan and Pakistan	Christina Goldbaum[128]
Albany, New York, United States	Luis Ferré-Sadurní[129]
Andes, South America	Julie Turkewitz[130]
Baghdad, Iraq	—[131]
Brazil	Jack Nicas[132]
Brussels, Belgium	Matina Stevis-Gridneff[133]
Beijing, China	Keith Bradsher[134]
Berlin, Germany	Katrin Bennhold[135]
Cairo, Egypt	Vivian Yee[136]
Chicago, Illinois, United States	Julie Bosman[137]
Eastern and Central Europe[d]	Andrew Higgins[138]
Houston, Texas, United States	J. David Goodman[139]
Istanbul, Turkey	Ben Hubbard[140]
Kyiv, Ukraine	Andrew Kramer[141]
Jerusalem, Israel	Patrick Kingsley[142]
Johannesburg, South Africa	John Eligon[143]
London, England	Mark Landler[144]
Los Angeles, California, United States	Corina Knoll[145]
Miami, Florida	Patricia Mazzei[146]
Mid-Atlantic, United States[e]	Campbell Robertson[147]
Moscow, Russia	Anton Troianovski[138]
Mexico City, Mexico	Natalie Kitroeff[148]
New England, United States	Jenna Russell[149]
New York City Hall, New York, United States	Emma Fitzsimmons[150]
New York Police Department, New York, United States	Maria Cramer[151]
Paris, France	Roger Cohen[152]
Persian Gulf[f]	Vivian Nereim[153]
Rome, Italy	Jason Horowitz[154]
San Francisco, California, United States	Heather Knight[155]
Seattle, Washington, United States	Mike Baker[156]
South Asia[g]	Mujib Mashal[158]
Southeast Asia[h]	Sui-Lee Wee[159]
Seoul, South Korea	Choe Sang-Hun[160]
Shanghai, China	Alexandra Stevenson[134]
Sydney	Damien Cave[161]
Tokyo, Japan	Motoko Rich[162]
United Nations	Farnaz Fassihi[163]
Washington, D.C., United States	Elisabeth Bumiller[164]
West Africa[i]	Ruth Maclean[165]

Editorial board

The New York Times editorial board was established in 1896 by Adolph Ochs. With the opinion department, the editorial board is independent of the newsroom.^[166] Then-editor-in-chief Charles Ransom Miller served as opinion editor from 1883 until his death in 1922.^[167] Rollo Ogden succeeded Miller until his death in 1937.^[168] From 1937 to 1938, John Huston Finley served as opinion editor; in a prearranged plan, Charles Merz succeeded Finley.^[169] Merz served in the position until his retirement in 1961.^[170] John Bertram Oakes served as opinion editor from 1961 to 1976, when then-publisher Arthur Ochs Sulzberger appointed Max Frankel.^[171] Frankel served in the position until 1986, when he was appointed as executive editor.^[172] Jack Rosenthal was the opinion editor from 1986 to 1993.^[173] Howell Raines succeeded Rosenthal until 2001, when he was made executive editor.^[174] Gail Collins succeeded Raines until her resignation in 2006.^[175] From 2007 to 2016, Andrew Rosenthal was the opinion editor.^[176] James Bennet succeeded Rosenthal until his resignation in 2020.^[177] As of 2023, the editorial board comprises fourteen opinion writers.^[178] The New York Times's opinion editor is Kathleen Kingsbury^[179] and the deputy opinion editor is Patrick Healy.^[115]

The New York Times's editorial board was initially opposed to liberal beliefs, opposing women's suffrage in 1900 and 1914. The editorial board began to espouse progressive beliefs during Oakes' tenure, conflicting with the Ochs-Sulzberger family, of which Oakes was a member as Adolph Ochs's nephew; in 1976, Oakes publicly disavowed with Sulzberger's endorsement of Daniel Patrick Moynihan over Bella Abzug in the 1976 Senate Democratic primaries in a letter sent from Martha's Vineyard. Under Rosenthal, the editorial board took positions supporting assault weapons legislation and the legalization of marijuana, but publicly criticized the Obama administration over its portrayal of terrorism.^[176] Since 1960, The New York Times has endorsed Democratic candidates, supporting a total of twelve Republican candidates and thirty Democratic candidates.^{[180][181][j]} With the exception of Wendell Willkie, the Times's Republican presidential endorsements have won the general election. In 2016, the editorial board issued an anti-endorsement against Donald Trump for the first time in its history.^[182]

Unionization

Since 1940, editorial, media, and technology workers of The New York Times have been represented by the New York Times Guild. The Times Guild, along with the Times Tech Guild, are represented by the NewsGuild-CWA.^[183] In 1940, Arthur Hays Sulzberger was called upon by the National Labor Relations Board amid accusations that he had discouraged Guild membership in the Times. Over the next few years, the Guild would ratify several contracts, expanding to editorial and news staff in 1942 and maintenance workers in 1943.^[184] The New York Times Guild has walked out several times in its history, including for six and a half hours in 1981^[185] and in 2017, when copy editors and reporters walked out at lunchtime in response to the elimination of the copy desk.^[186] On December 7, 2022, the union held a one-day strike,^[187] the first interruption to The New York Times since 1978.^[188] The New York Times Guild reached an agreement in May 2023 to increase minimum salaries for employees and a retroactive bonus.^[189] The Times Tech Guild is the largest technology union with collective bargaining rights in the United States.^[190]

Content

Circulation

As of May 2024, The New York Times has 10.5 million subscribers, with 9.9 million online subscribers and 640,000 print subscribers,^[191] the second-largest newspaper by print circulation in the United States behind The Wall Street Journal.^[192] The New York Times Company intends to have fifteen million subscribers by 2027.^[193] The Times's shift towards subscription-based revenue with the debut of an online paywall in 2011 contributed to subscription revenue exceeding advertising revenue the following year, furthered by the 2016 presidential election and Donald Trump.^[194] In 2022, Vox wrote that The New York Times's subscribers skew "older, richer, whiter, and more liberal"; to reflect the general population of the United States, the Times has attempted to alter its audience by acquiring The Athletic, investing in verticals such as The New York Times Games, and beginning a marketing campaign showing diverse subscribers to the Times. The New York Times Company chief executive Meredith Kopit Levien stated that the average age of subscribers has remained constant.^[195]

Newsletters

In October 2001, The New York Times began publishing DealBook, a financial newsletter edited by Andrew Ross Sorkin. The Times had intended to publish the newsletter in September, but delayed its debut following the September 11 attacks.^[196] A website for DealBook was established in March 2006.^[197] The New York Times began shifting towards DealBook as part of the newspaper's financial coverage in November 2010 with a renewed website and a presence in the Times's print edition.^[198] In 2011, the Times began hosting the DealBook Summit, an annual conference hosted by Sorkin.^[199] During the COVID-19 pandemic, The New York Times hosted the DealBook Online Summit in 2020^[200] and 2021.^[201] The 2022 DealBook Summit featured—among other speakers—former vice president Mike Pence and Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu,^[202] culminating in an interview with former FTX chief executive Sam Bankman-Fried; FTX had filed for bankruptcy several weeks prior.^[203] The 2023 DealBook Summit's speakers included vice president Kamala Harris, Israeli president Isaac Herzog, and businessman Elon Musk.^[199]

In June 2010, The New York Times licensed the political blog FiveThirtyEight in a three-year agreement.^[204] The blog, written by Nate Silver, had garnered attention during the 2008 presidential election for predicting the elections in forty-nine of fifty states. FiveThirtyEight appeared on nytimes.com in August.^[205] According to Silver, several offers were made for the blog; Silver wrote that a merger of unequals must allow for editorial sovereignty and resources from the acquirer, comparing himself to Groucho Marx.^[206] According to The New Republic, FiveThirtyEight drew as much as a fifth of the traffic to nytimes.com during the 2012 presidential election.^[207] In July 2013, FiveThirtyEight was sold to ESPN.^[208] In an article following Silver's exit, public editor Margaret Sullivan wrote that he was disruptive to the Times's culture for his perspective on probability-based predictions and scorn for polling—having stated that punditry is "fundamentally useless", comparing him to Billy Beane, who implemented sabermetrics in baseball. According to Sullivan, his work was criticized by several notable political journalists.^[209]

The New Republic obtained a memo in November 2013 revealing then-Washington bureau chief David Leonhardt's ambitions to establish a data-driven newsletter with presidential historian Michael Beschloss, graphic designer Amanda Cox, economist Justin Wolfers, and The New Republic journalist Nate Cohn.^[210] By March, Leonhardt had amassed fifteen employees from within The New York Times; the newsletter's staff included individuals who had created the Times's dialect quiz, fourth down analyzer, and a calculator for determining buying or renting a home.^[211] The Upshot debuted in April 2014.^[212] Fast Company reviewed an article about Illinois Secure Choice—a state-funded retirement saving system—as "neither a terse news item, nor a formal financial advice column, nor a politically charged response to economic policy", citing its informal and neutral tone.^[213] The Upshot developed "the needle" for the 2016 presidential election and 2020 presidential elections, a reviled thermometer dial displaying the probability of a candidate winning.^[214] In January 2016, Cox was named editor of The Upshot.^[215] Kevin Quealy was named editor in June 2022.^[216]

Political positions

According to an internal readership poll conducted by The New York Times in 2019, eighty-four percent of readers identified as liberal.^[217]

Crossword

In February 1942, The New York Times crossword debuted in The New York Times Magazine; according to Richard Shepard, the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 convinced then-publisher Arthur Hays Sulzberger of the necessity of a crossword.^[218] Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Www.nytimes.com
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