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D.Litt. Abdul Majid Daryabadi
Mawlānā
Personal details
Born	(1892-03-16)16 March 1892 Dariyabad, Barabanki British India
Died	6 January 1977(1977-01-06) (aged 84) Barabanki, India
Political party	Khilafat Movement
Parent	Abdul Qadir (father)
Alma mater	University of Lucknow University of Allahabad Aligarh Muslim University St. Stephen's College, Delhi
Personal
Denomination	Sunni
Jurisprudence	Hanafi
Creed	Maturidi
Main interest(s)	Comparative religion, Tafsir, Biography, Orientalism, Modernism, Islamic philosophy, Psychology, travelogue, Sufism, Journalism
Notable work(s)	Tafseer-e-Majidi (1941) Hakeemul Ummat (1956) Aalamul Quran (1959)
Senior posting
Disciple of	Ashraf Ali Thanwi
Influenced by Shibli Nomani, Muhammad Iqbal, Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Hussain Ahmed Madani, Akbar Allahabadi
Awards	Arabic Scholar Award by Government of India (1966) D.Litt. by Aligarh Muslim University (1976)

Abdul Majid Daryabadi (16 March 1892 – 6 January 1977) was an Islamic scholar, philosopher, writer, critic, researcher, journalist and exegete of the Quran in Indian subcontinent in the 20th century.^[1][2] He was as one of the most influential Indian Muslim scholar and was much concerned with modernism and comparative religions and orientalism in India.^[3] In his early life, he became sceptical of religion and called himself a "rationalist". For almost nine years, he remained away from religion but repented and became a devout Muslim.^[4] He was actively associated with the Khilafat Movement, Royal Asiatic Society, Aligarh Muslim University, Nadwatul Ulama, Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy and several other leading Islamic and literary organisations.^[5] He was disciple of Ashraf Ali Thanwi and Hussain Ahmed Madani.

Throughout his academic career he edited the Urdu weekly Sidq-e-Jaded, which was acclaimed in the Indo-Pak subcontinent for its inspiring message and stylistic features.^[2] He continued to edit the journal until his death. He had a unique style of writing which was expressive and tinged with humor and sarcasm.^[2] He was influenced by Ashraf Ali Thanwi to write a Tafsir and then he wrote a famous Tafsir in English first then in Urdu named Tafseer-e-Majidi.^[2] He wanted to purify the Muslims thinking to understand and implement true Islamic teachings and free from "foreign" and "un-Islamic" elements and to review the decision of previous scholars before blindly accepting them.^[3] In 1967, he got the Arabic Scholar Award from the Government of India. In 1975, the Aligarh Muslim University awarded him a Doctorate in Literature. He died in January 1977.^[2]

Life and family

Abdul Majid Daryabadi was born in Daryabad.^[6] His father was Abdul Qadir (1848-1912) ibn Mufti Mazhar Karim Qudwai (d.1873) Ibn Shaykh Mukhdum Bakhsh.^[7] He came from a Qidwai family.^[7] His father was a follower of Qadiriyya Sufi Order. His mother's name is Bibi NaSirun Nisa.^[8] She was also from Qudwai ancestry. Her father that means Daryabadis maternal grandfather was elder brother of Daryabadis grandfather Mufti Mazhar Karim Qudwai.^[8] So, his father married to his cousin. His maternal grandfather was the resident at Lucknow. Therefore, Lucknow became his second home. His father was also born in Lucknow.^[8] He was the youngest son of his family among five siblings. His father was the youngest son of his family too. While he wrote his autobiography named Aap Biti, he noticed that only one elder brother named Abdul Majid (d.1951) and one elder sister named Zarifunnisa (d.1945) were alive. Later his sister's name is changed into Bibi Sakina.^[9]

Education

He was brought up in a religious environment.^[10] He learnt Arabic and Persian, which his father had a good command of, at home.^[10] He was admitted to Sitapur High School^[10] where he studied until class ten from 1902 to 1908.^[10] The school was nearest to his house.

In July 1908 he was admitted to Canning College, Lucknow (later the University of Lucknow.^[10] At that time, all colleges of Lucknow were under Allahabad University (estd. 1887).^[10] Then he was admitted in B.A. (honours) in Philosophy at that college in 1910. The subjects in his BA (honours) were English (text), General English, Philosophy and Arabic. First two were compulsory.^[10] Than Metaphysics, Ethics and Psychology were included in three branches of Philosophy.^[10] He was very much interested in Psychology. Selective writings of Ibn Khaldun, Maqamat-i-Hariri, Maqamat-i-Badiuzzaman Hamadani, Mutanabbi and Abu Tamam were included in Arabic language and Arabic Literature. In April 1912, he appeared in BA (honours) examination.^[10] Therefore, he went to Allahabad for appearing to BA final exam, under Allahabad University (estd. 1887).^[10] The result was published in June 1912 and he obtained second class in B.A. (honours). Therefore, he graduated in 1912.^[10] In that time, he exposed himself to the rationalist and an agnostic. He had a natural taste for Philosophy. However, during his time, there is no M.A. course in Philosophy except two Universities.^[10] One was Banaras Hindu University (estd. 1915) and other was Aligarh Muslim University (estd. 1920). Then he decided to go to Aligarh and got admitted in M.A. course in Philosophy.^[10] In March 1913, the first-year examination of MA was held, but he failed. Then he was admitted in St. Stephen's College, Delhi in 1913 to continue his MA in philosophy.^[10] However, he could not pursue his studies for long time and ought to stop his higher education midway due to his father's death in the time of performing his Haj in 1912.^[10] At that time, Daryabadi was 20 years old. He had none of his relatives to defray the expenses of his education.^[10] However, his father handed him over his father's intimate friend Raja Sahib Mahmud Abad before going for his pilgrimage. He had not come back home after completing his pilgrimage, because he died during his pilgrimage.^[11] In addition, meanwhile the Peoples Bank was become bankrupted. In this reason, the whole of his father's deposited money was lost. Therefore, he could not pursue his object.^[11] From this event and this situation, it was realized that perhaps none of his relatives or nearest persons were rich and wealthy to bear the expenditure of his studies.^[11] Then he entered the field of job. In 1918, he took to a study of Buddhism and Theosophy.^[11] Later, in his own words, he progressively became a Muslim under the influence of Ashraf Ali Thanwi, the famous Urdu poet Akbar Allahabadi. He was associated with Khilafat Conference at Lucknow in 1927 and was president of the Oudh Khilafat Committee.^[11]

Received the title 'Maulana'

Abdul Majid Daryabadi has not educated from Madrasah education, but the Arabic language and literature were always text course in Daryabadis studies at Canning College, Lucknow.^[11] He passed from Canning College in 1912 with Arabic. In this why, he knew Arabic very well and he had good command in English and deep knowledge in Psychology, Philosophy and Logic.^[11] When he was a college student at the age of 15/16, he wrote two articles, first is named; Mahmud Ghaznavi and second is Ghadha-i Insani. Both the articles have been published at weekly magazine Wakil of Amritsar. Later the Wakil Book Agency had published his first two articles in the shape of booklet in 1910. The two articles are very much authentic and have literary values.^[11] After the evaluation of these two articles, Wakil Book Agency had given him a title "Mawlana" and sent a letter to him. After that they had written first his name Maulana Abdul Majid Daryabadiin spite of his name Abdul Majid Daryabadi and printed the name of writer Mawlana Abdul Majid Daryabadi on the cover page of the booklet, while he was a college student.^[11] However, the title "Maulana", he did not accept because at that time he became agnostic and rationalist that means the duration of his rationalism from 1909 to 1918. In that time he wrote and introduced himself Mr. Abdul Majid rather than Mawlana.^[11] However, the time of his childhood and youth was in Islam. After that time, he came back to Islam by the influence of Haji Warith Ali Shah, Akbar Ilah Abadi, Maulana Muhammad Ali Jawhar and Rishi Bahgwan Das. They were the influential persons who had done appreciable work to come back him to Islam.^[11] In a result, he has contributed the Muslim community by the Tafsir Literature.^[11]

Marriage

He married Aftun Nisa, the daughter of former magistrate Shaykh Yusufuz-Zaman on 2 June 1916.^[11] In October 1930 he had a second marriage which ended in divorce.^[11] He had remained with his first wife Aftun Nisa. All of his daughters and sons (who died in early childhood) were with his first wife.^[11]

Career

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Abdul_Majid_Daryabadi
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