Sports in Punjab, India

Punjabis play a wide variety of sports and games, ranging from modern games such as hockey and cricket, to the more traditional games such as Kabaddi, Kushtian (wrestling) and Khuddo khoondi (similar to hockey). There are over 100 traditional games and sports of Punjab.^[1]

To promote traditional games of Punjab, the state government has since 2014 been working on initiatives to promote the Punjab Rural Games. The games will include sports such as Kushtian in the state.^[2]

The sports played in Punjab include the following:

Cricket

PCA Stadium Mohali wide

Cricket is a favourite sport of Punjabis. The sport is governed at State level by the Punjab Cricket Association.^[3] The Kings XI Punjab are a franchise cricket team based in Mohali, Punjab, that plays in the Indian Premier League.

Gatka

Gatka (Punjabi: ਗਤਕਾ) is a traditional South Asian form of combat-training in which wooden sticks are used to simulate swords in sparring matches.

Kabaddi

Punjab Circle style

This is the state game of Punjab.

Kabaddi World Cup

Punjab has been coordinating the Kabaddi World cup since 2010 which is based on the Punjab Circle style. The Men's final in the World cup of 2014 was played between India and Pakistan and was won by India 45–42.^[4] The Women's final was between India and New Zealand with India winning 36–27 for the second time in a row.

The closing ceremony was held at the Guru Gobind Singh Stadium, Badal Sri Muktsar Sahib. Star acts included Arif Lohar, Miss Poojaa, Gippy Grewal, and Satinder Satti. American motorcyclists also performed.^[5]

World Kabaddi League

World Kabaddi League was introduced in 2014. The league followed the rules & guidelines as defined by the Punjab^[6] circle^[7] style Kabaddi. The league was played across four countries^[8] from August 2014 to December 2014.

Traditional Punjabi Kabaddi styles

Lambi Kauddi

In Lambi Kauddi (Punjabi: ਲੰਬੀ ਕੌਡੀ)^[9] there are 15 players with a circular pitch of 15–20 feet. There is no outer limit. The players can run as far they can. There is no referee. The raider will say "kauddi, kauddi" throughout the attack.

Saunchi Kauddi

Saunchi Kauddi (Punjabi: ਸੌਚੀ ਕੌਡੀ)^[9] (also called Saunchi pakki/Punjabi: ਸੌਚੀ ਪੱਕੀ) can best be described as being similar to boxing. It is popular in the Malwa area of Punjab. It is unlimited players with a circular playing pitch. A bamboo with a red cloth is dug into the ground which is paraded by the winner.

In sauchi kabaddi, the raider will hit the defender but only on the chest. The defender will then hold the raiders wrist. A foul is declared if any other part of the body is grabbed. If the defender hold the raiders wrist and restricts his movement, he will be declared the winner. If the raider loses the grip of the defender, then the raider will be the winner.^[9]

Goongi Kabaddi

A popular style is "Goongi Kabaddi" (Punjabi: ਗੂੰਗੀ ਕਬੱਡੀ) (silent Kabaddi) where a raider player does not speak and say the word kabaddi but just touches the opponent's team player and the whom he touches only that player will try to stop the player. The struggle will continue till he reaches the starting line or acknowledge the defeat and loses a point, or if he safely reaches the starting line, he will get the point.^{[citation needed]}

Hockey

Hockey is a popular sport in Punjab. The state has its own team: Punjab Warriors.

The other team is the Sher-e-Punjab professional field hockey team based in Jalandhar, Punjab that plays in World Series Hockey.

Football

Punjab Football Association (PFA) is the state governing body of football in Punjab, India. It is affiliated with the All India Football Federation, the sports national governing body. Then JCT FC and currently Punjab FC play in the I-League.

Basketball

Punjab has traditionally been home to several of India's top basketball players who have represented the country's national basketball team.

In 2016, the Punjab Steelers were runners-up of the UBA Pro Basketball League, India's national championship for professional basketball teams.

Traditional sports and games

There are a wide variety of traditional games played by children and adults. With the spread of games such as hockey and cricket, some of the traditional Punjabi games are not played as much as they once were.^[9] However, the current repertoire of traditional Punjabi games is wide and this article gives an outline of some of the games.

In order to play a game, it is necessary to select the captain who is known as a dayee (ਦਾਈ), meetee (ਮੀਟੀ), or pit. There are various ways of selecting players. One method used by children to select the captain is by all the players standing in a circle, with one player going around the circle singing:

Engan mengan
Tali talengan
Kalaa peelaa dakra
Gurh kahava bail vadhava
Moollee patra
Patra valey ghorhay aya
Hath kutarhee per kutarhee
Nikal balya teri vari
^[9]

Punjabi:

ਏਂਗਣ ਮੇਂਗਣ
ਤਲੀ ਤਲੇਂਗਣ
ਕਾਲਾ ਪੀਲਾ ਡੱਕਰਾ
ਗੂੜ ਖਾਵਾਂਂ ਵੇਲ ਵਧਾਵਾਂ
ਮੂਲੀ ਪੱਤਰਾ
ਪੱਤਰਾਂ ਵਾਲੇ ਘੋੜੇ ਆਏ
ਹੱਥ ਕੁਤਾੜੀ ਪੈਰ ਕੁਤਾੜੀ
ਨਿਕਲ ਬਾਲਿਆ ਤੇਰੀ ਵਾਰੀ
^[9]

The player saying the above will stop at the player when the song finishes who then is selected. The last player becomes the captain.

Male sports and games

Kushtian (Punjabi: ਕੁਸ਼ਤੀਆ)

The wrestling will take place in a circular court with soft ground which in Punjabi is called an "akharha". Two wrestlers will continue to wrestle until the back of one touches the ground. The winner will parade the court with the loser following him.^[9] The wrestlers are called Pehlwans who train with modern weights and traditional weights such as a Gada (mace).

The aim of kushti is to wrestle the opponent and to block the other player. The traditional methods of wrestling in the Punjab include the following:^[1]

kalajang marna (Punjabi: ਕਲਾਜੰਗ ਮਾਰਨਾ), rela karna (Punjabi: ਰੇਲਾ ਕਰਨਾ), dhaak charhna (Punjabi: ਢਾਕ ਚਾੜਨਾ,) patti paina (Punjabi: ਪੱਟੀ ਪੈਣਾ), Multani marni (Punjabi: ਮੁਲਤਾਨੀ ਮਾਰਨੀ), andar tangi (Punjabi: ਅੰਦਰ ਟੰਗੀ), bahar tangi (Punjabi: ਬਾਹਰ ਟੰਗੀ), dhobi pattrha (Punjabi: ਧੋਬੀ ਪਟੜਾ), morha (Punjabi: ਮੋੜਾ), killi (Punjabi: ਕਿੱਲੀ), suttne hath pauna (Punjabi: ਸੂਟਨੇ ਹੱਥ ਪਾਉਣਾ), andarli te baharli marni (Punjabi: ਅੰਦਰਲੀ ਤੇ ਬਾਹਰਲੀ ਮਾਰਨੀ), sutt karni (Punjabi: ਸੁੱਟ ਕਰਨੀ), jholi karni (Punjabi: ਝੋਲੀ ਕਰਨੀ,) gaphuaa marna (Punjabi: ਗਫੂਆ ਮਾਰਨਾ), nkale puttna (Punjabi: ਨਕਾਲੋੰ ਪੁੱਟਣਾ), ghorhi pauni (Punjabi: ਘੋੜੀ ਪਾਉਣੀ), machhi gota marna (Punjabi: ਮੱਛੀ ਗੋਤਾ ਮਾਰਨਾ), goda tekna (Punjabi: ਗੋਡਾ ਟੇਕਣਾ), burhka kadhna (Punjabi: ਬੁੜਕਾ ਕੱਢਣਾ), saltu (Punjabi: ਸਾਲਤੂ), munna pherna (Punjabi: ਮੁੰਨਾ ਫੇਰਨਾ), karhunga (Punjabi: ਕੁੜੰਗਾ), joorh (Punjabi: ਜੂੜ), kulla (Punjabi: ਕੁੱਲਾ), chomukhya (Punjabi: ਚੌਮੁਖੀਆ), bagti (Punjabi: ਬਾਗੜੀ), raam baan (Punjabi: ਰਾਮ ਬਾਣ), porhi (Punjabi: ਪੌੜੀ), kunda (Punjabi: ਕੁੰਡਾ), ik tangi (Punjabi: ੲਿੱਕ ਤੰਗੀ), savari (Punjabi: ਸ਼ਵਾਰੀ), rerh (Punjabi: ਰੇੜ), charkha (Punjabi: ਚਰਖਾ), janeyoo (Punjabi: ਜਨੇਊ), (Punjabi: ਕਰਾਸ਼), puthi (Punjabi: ਪੁੱਠੀ), putha (Punjabi: ਪੁੱਠਾ), bagal (Punjabi: ਬਗਲ), savi (Punjabi: ਸ਼ਾਵੀ), dasti (Punjabi: ਦਸ਼ਤੀ), tega (Punjabi: ਤੇਗਾ).

Khuddo khoondi (Punjabi: ਖਿੱਦੋ ਖੂੰਡੀ)

Similar to field hockey, the game involves using a ball made of rags and a stick with a natural curve at one end. The stick would normally be a tree branch.^[10]

Gulli danda(Punjabi: ਗੁੱਲੀ ਡੰਡਾ)

Similar to cricket. Guli Danda is an amateur sport, popular among rural youth in the Punjab. It is a game played by boys individually and in a team depending upon the availability of players. It can be played in a variety of ways depending on the rule made at the beginning of game. In this game, a thick stick, almost three feet long and a small piece of wood which has sharp edges is needed, and a small piece of wood called gully which is hit with the stick (Danda) and the opposition has to out the player by catching the flying wood when it is hit by player.^[11]

Rassakashi (Punjabi: ਰੱਸਾਕਸ਼ੀ)

Tug of war with two teams: Men generally played this game but women also participate in the game. A line is drawn between the two teams, each having one end of the rope in its hands.^[9]

Dand parhangrha (Punjabi: ਡੰਡ ਪੜਾਂਗੜਾ)

A group of boys gather around a tree. A circle with a diameter of 2 1/2 feet is drawn. A short stick is placed in the circle. One boy is selected to pick the stick and throw it as far possible, by swinging it under his leg. Another boy is selected to collect the stick during which time all the boys run up the tree. The boy who has collected the stick places it in the circle. The other boys try to get the stick before being caught by the boy who placed it there. If the boy who placed the stick tags another player before anyone picks up the stick, the boy who has been tagged is the one who has to stay on the ground and try to tag another player. If a player picks up the stick before the original player on the ground who collected the stick tags another, the game ends and a new game start but the original player has to tag another player.^[9]

Bandar keela (Punjabi: ਬਾਂਦਰ ਕੀਲਾ)

This Game Start was Since 1902 5 October Boys play this game in winter by digging a pole into the ground and attaching a four-foot rope. All the boys place their shoes near the pole. The boy who is holding the rope (the key player) is meant to stop the other boys from getting their shoes.^[9] During the game, if the key player touches another player then that player becomes the key player(bandar) and the game goes on ....^[12]

Tibla tiblee (Punjabi: ਟਿਬਲਾ ਟਿਬਲੀ)

This is a boys and a teenagers game. The boys will form two teams. Team one will ask team two, "which house in the village has 3 (x) and 4(y)?" If the other team guess, they win but if not, the losing team will have to carry the winning boys on their backs to the house in question.^[9]

Rabb di Khuti (Punjabi: ਰਬ ਦੀ ਖੁਤੀ)

The game is played by as many players wish to play who will select the key player (dyee). The players will use a soft ground and dig holes about 9" wide and 6" deep. Each hole is called a khuti. There will be as many holes as there are players. In the middle of the playing ground, a larger hole will be dug out and is referred to as rabb di khuti (God's hole).

The key player will throw a ball made of rags high into the air. The player that catches it will then be carried by the key player to enable key player to kick the ball into the hole. If he does, the two players switch and the key player will be carried enabling the other player to kick the ball. If the player kicks the ball into another player's hole, then the two will switch sides. This is repeated for all the players. If the ball lands in the rabb di khuti, the player who threw the ball will try to tag another player with the ball. All the other players try to avoid being hit.

Noon miani (Punjabi: ਨੂਣ ਮਿਆਣੀ)edit

The game is played on a grid on the ground with an approximate measurement of 25 meters in each side. 4 boxes of equal size are drawn in the grid leaving a 2-meter track on the outskirts. In the center of the grid, a fifth square is drawn filled with a heap of sand or soil (mitti di dheri (Punjabi: ਮਿਟੀ ਦੀ ਢੇਰੀ)) which represents salt. Outside the grid, another box is drawn on the northern edge, in the center which represents the store called sandook (Punjabi: ਸੰਦੂਕ).^[9]

The key player is selected to mind the salt in the center square. The other players try to get the salt and run along the pathways to go to the other side of the store. The key player's aim is to tag the other players.

To start the game, one player will touch the key player's hand and then run away to avoid being tagged. If the other players step into the 4 boxes in the grid, they will be killed and declared "madeen" (Punjabi: ਮਦੀਨ). The key player cannot go backwards on the track, until he reaches the end of the box, whilst remaining on the track. He cannot step into any box in the grid.

Players who take the salt and run across the store area are declared "nar" (Punjabi: ਨਰ.) The players who get tagged become "madeen". The key player will become "nar" after tagging another player. Otherwise, he will be "madeen". Once all players become either"nar" or "madeen", the game ends.

At this point, the players who have crossed the store area and have become "nar" will stand in a line. About 25 metres away, the "madeen" group will stand in a line. The "nar" players will ask the "madeen" players: "bil bachya di maa, roti pakki ai ki na?" (translation: bill's mother, are the chapattis made?) (Punjabi: ਬਿਲ ਬਚਿਆ ਦੀ ਮਾਂਂ. ਰੋਟੀ ਪਕੀ ਏ ਕਿ ਨਾ?). If the "madeen" group say no, the "nar" group will ask the question again until the "madeen" group say, yes. At this point, all the players run to tag each other. The "madeen" players who get tagged by the "nar" players, will need to carry them to the centre square. The game then starts again but this time, the key player will be the player who became "madeen" first.^[9]

Tipriedit

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Sports_in_Punjab,_India
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