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Longueuil
Ville de Longueuil | |
|---|---|
| Ville de Longueuil | |
  _2014.jpg)   Clockwise from top left: City Hall, Université de Sherbrooke, rue Saint-Charles, Jacques-Cartier Bridge and downtown. | |
.svg) Flag .svg) Coat of arms  Logo | |
| Motto(s): | |
  Longueuil Location in southern Quebec. | |
| Coordinates: 45°32′N 73°31′W / 45.533°N 73.517°W[1] | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| Region | Montérégie |
| RCM | None |
| Agglomeration | Longueuil |
| Settled | 1657 [2] |
| Constituted | January 1, 2002 |
| Boroughs | |
| Government | |
| • Type | Longueuil City Council |
| • Mayor | Catherine Fournier |
| • MPs | Denis Trudel (BQ) Stéphane Bergeron (BQ) Sherry Romanado (L) |
| • MNAs | Shirley Dorismond (CAQ) Lionel Carmant (CAQ) Isabelle Poulet (CAQ) Ian Lafrenière (CAQ) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 122.64 km2 (47.35 sq mi) |
| • Land | 115.17 km2 (44.47 sq mi) |
| • Water | 7.47 km2 (2.88 sq mi) 6.1% |
| Population (2021)[5] | |
| • Total | 254,483 |
| • Density | 2,198.2/km2 (5,693/sq mi) |
| • Pop 2016–2021 |  6.1% |
| • Dwellings | 117,006 |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Postal code(s) | |
| Area code(s) | 450 and 579 |
| Demonym | Longueuillois(e) |
| Website | www |
Longueuil (French pronunciation: [lɔ̃ɡœj] ⓘ) is a city in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is the seat of the Montérégie administrative region and the central city of the urban agglomeration of Longueuil. It sits on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River directly across from Montreal. The population as of the Canada 2021 Census totalled 254,483, making it Montreal's second largest suburb, the fifth most populous city in Quebec and twentieth largest in Canada.
Charles Le Moyne founded Longueuil as a seigneurie in 1657. It would become a parish in 1845, a village in 1848, a town in 1874 and a city in 1920. Between 1961 and 2002, Longueuil's borders grew three times, as it was amalgamated with surrounding municipalities; there was a strong de-amalgamation in 2006 (see 2000–2006 municipal reorganization in Quebec).
Longueuil is a residential, commercial and industrial city. It incorporates some urban features, but is essentially a suburb. Longueuil can be classified as a commuter town as a large portion of its residents commute to work in Montreal. Most buildings are single-family homes constructed in the post-war period. The city consists of three boroughs: Le Vieux-Longueuil, Saint-Hubert and Greenfield Park.
Longueuil is the seat of the judicial district of Longueuil.[6] Residents of the city are called Longueuillois.
History
 | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2009) |
The territory of New France was divided into seigneuries in order to ensure the colony's defence. Longueuil was founded in 1657 by Charles Le Moyne, a merchant from Ville-Marie (present day Montreal), as a seigneurie.[7] According to Abbé Faillon, Charles Le Moyne, lord of the area starting in 1657, named Longueuil after the village of Longueil (note slightly different spelling) which is today the seat of a canton in the district of Dieppe in his homeland of Normandy.
His son, Charles Le Moyne de Longueuil, built Fort Longueuil as his fortified residence. It was constructed of stone between 1685 and 1690 and had four towers.[8]
Fort Longueuil was believed to be occupied by American troops during the American Revolutionary War. It was subsequently occupied by the British. It was demolished in 1810 due to its poor condition.[8] The archaeological remains of Fort Longueuil were recognized as a National Historic Site of Canada on May 25, 1923. The site extends beneath the present-day Saint-Antoine-de-Padoue Cathedral.[8]
The seigneurial system ended in 1845 and Longueuil was turned into a parish municipality named Saint-Antoine-de-Longueuil.[7] In 1848, a portion detached from the parish and officially established as the village of Longueuil. This same village became a town in 1874, and then a city in 1920.[7] Musician Paul Pratt notably served as the city's mayor from 1935 to 1966.
Longueuil's city limits expanded for the first time in 1961 when it merged with Montréal-Sud, and again in 1969 when it merged with Ville Jacques-Cartier.[7] In both cases, Longueuil was chosen as the name of the new city.
On January 1, 2002, as part of the 2000–2006 municipal reorganization in Quebec, the provincial government amalgamated the former Longueuil with Boucherville, Brossard, Greenfield Park, LeMoyne, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, Saint-Hubert and Saint-Lambert. As with the 1960s, the name Longueuil was chosen for the new city. However, after a change of government and a 2004 referendum, Boucherville, Brossard, Saint-Lambert and Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville were re-constituted as independent cities on January 1, 2006. As such, the current city of Longueuil now includes only the former cities of Longueuil (1969–2002), Saint-Hubert, Greenfield Park and LeMoyne.
Geography
Longueuil occupies 115.59 square kilometres (44.6 sq mi) of land. The city is bordered by the cities of Saint-Lambert to the west, Brossard to the southwest, Boucherville to the northeast, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville to the east, and the Saint Lawrence River and Montreal to the northwest. The city of Longueuil is located approximately 7 kilometres (5 mi) east of Montreal on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River.
Longueuil is located in the Saint Lawrence River valley, and is a vast plain. Areas near the river were originally swamp land with mixed forest, and later prime agricultural land. Agricultural land still exists in the portions of the city furthest from the river.
The city of Longueuil also includes Île Charron, a small island in the Saint Lawrence River, and part of the Boucherville Islands.
Street addresses in Longueuil increase west and east from the Chemin de Chambly, with suffixes of "Ouest" and "Est" used on east–west streets that cross it, and south from the Saint Lawrence River. (As in Montreal, the local cardinal directions are skewed to align with the shore of the river, and local grid "north" is closer to geographic northwest.)
Climate
Like Montreal, Longueuil is classified as humid continental or hemiboreal (Köppen climate classification Dfb). Longueuil has long winters, lasting from November to March, short springs during April and May, average summers, lasting from June to August, and short autumns during September and October.
| Climate data for Montréal/Saint-Hubert Airport (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high humidex | 15.4 | 15.5 | 23.4 | 34.7 | 38.7 | 47.2 | 46.2 | 46.9 | 41.8 | 34.5 | 24.9 | 18.0 | 47.2 |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) |
15.3 (59.5) |
23.7 (74.7) |
30.6 (87.1) |
33.3 (91.9) |
35.0 (95.0) |
35.6 (96.1) |
35.6 (96.1) |
33.8 (92.8) |
28.9 (84.0) |
22.8 (73.0) |
17.1 (62.8) |
35.6 (96.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −5.6 (21.9) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
2.3 (36.1) |
11.3 (52.3) |
19.1 (66.4) |
23.8 (74.8) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.4 (77.7) |
20.5 (68.9) |
13.0 (55.4) |
5.6 (42.1) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
11.4 (52.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −10.4 (13.3) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
5.7 (42.3) |
12.9 (55.2) |
17.9 (64.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
19.5 (67.1) |
14.7 (58.5) |
7.9 (46.2) |
1.5 (34.7) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
6.2 (43.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −15.1 (4.8) |
−13.1 (8.4) |
−7.3 (18.9) |
0.1 (32.2) |
6.7 (44.1) |
11.9 (53.4) |
14.8 (58.6) |
13.6 (56.5) |
8.8 (47.8) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−10.1 (13.8) |
0.9 (33.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −36.1 (−33.0) |
−37.2 (−35.0) |
−36.1 (−33.0) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
0.0 (32.0) |
4.9 (40.8) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−22.8 (−9.0) |
−37.2 (−35.0) |
−37.2 (−35.0) |
| Record low wind chill | −49.0 | −46.0 | −40.0 | −26.0 | −10.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −6.0 | −14.0 | −30.0 | −45.0 | −49.0 |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 75.8 (2.98) |
61.9 (2.44) |
71.6 (2.82) |
82.7 (3.26) |
81.7 (3.22) |
87.3 (3.44) |
96.8 (3.81) |
88.3 (3.48) |
84.5 (3.33) |
87.0 (3.43) |
104.3 (4.11) |
88.8 (3.50) |
1,010.7 (39.82) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 26.4 (1.04) |
22.8 (0.90) |
33.9 (1.33) |
67.8 (2.67) |
81.5 (3.21) |
97.3 (3.83) |
96.8 (3.81) |
88.3 (3.48) |
84.5 (3.33) |
85.3 (3.36) |
84.4 (3.32) |
39.4 (1.55) |
808.4 (31.83) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 52.0 (20.5) |
39.0 (15.4) |
36.5 (14.4) |
13.4 (5.3) |
0.2 (0.1) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1.4 (0.6) |
18.0 (7.1) |
48.8 (19.2) |
209.3 (82.6) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 17.4 | 13.8 | 14.2 | 13.4 | 13.7 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 11.5 | 10.8 | 13.1 | 15.6 | 16.3 | 164.6 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 4.5 | 4.5 | 7.5 | 11.7 | 13.7 | 12.2 | 12.3 | 11.5 | 10.8 | 12.7 | 12.3 | 6.0 | 119.7 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 15.4 | 11.8 | 9.3 | 3.5 | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.74 | 5.7 | 12.9 | 59.48 |
| Source: Environment Canada[9] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1851 | 1,496 | — |
| 1861 | 2,816 | +88.2% |
| 1871 | 2,083 | −26.0% |
| 1881 | 2,355 | +13.1% |
| 1891 | 2,757 | +17.1% |
| 1901 | 2,835 | +2.8% |
| 1911 | 3,972 | +40.1% |
| 1921 | 4,682 | +17.9% |
| 1931 | 5,407 | +15.5% |
| 1941 | 7,087 | +31.1% |
| 1951 | 11,103 | +56.7% |
| 1956 | 14,332 | +29.1% |
| 1961 | 24,131 | +68.4% |
| 1966 | 25,593 | +6.1% |
| 1971 | 97,590 | +281.3% |
| 1976 | 122,429 | +25.5% |
| 1981 | 124,320 | +1.5% |
| 1986 | 125,441 | +0.9% |
| 1991 | 129,808 | +3.5% |
| 1996 | 127,977 | −1.4% |
| 2001 | 128,016 | +0.0% |
| 2006 | 229,230 | +79.1% |
| 2011 | 231,409 | +1.0% |
| 2016 | 239,700 | +3.6% |
| 2021 | 254,483 | +6.2% |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1871 | 3,977 | — |
| 1881 | 4,488 | +12.8% |
| 1891 | 4,895 | +9.1% |
| 1901 | 5,204 | +6.3% |
| 1911 | 6,984 | +34.2% |
| 1921 | 11,521 | +65.0% |
| 1931 | 14,094 | +22.3% |
| 1941 | 18,165 | +28.9% |
| 1951 | 58,012 | +219.4% |
| 1956 | 83,584 | +44.1% |
| 1961 | 106,166 | +27.0% |
| 1966 | 129,944 | +22.4% |
| 1971 | 157,986 | +21.6% |
| 1976 | 197,767 | +25.2% |
| 1981 | 209,557 | +6.0% |
| 1986 | 215,583 | +2.9% |
| 1991 | 226,965 | +5.3% |
| 1996 | 227,408 | +0.2% |
| 2001 | 225,761 | −0.7% |
| 2006 | 229,330 | +1.6% |
| 2011 | 231,409 | +0.9% |
| 2016 | 239,700 | +3.6% |
| 2021 | 254,483 | +6.2% |
| [11][12] | ||
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Longueuil had a population of 254,483 living in 113,086 of its 117,006 total private dwellings, a change of 6.1% from its 2016 population of 239,897. With a land area of 115.77 km2 (44.70 sq mi), it had a population density of 2,198.2/km2 (5,693.3/sq mi) in 2021.[13]
| 2021 | 2016 | 2011 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 254,483 (+6.1% from 2016) | 239,700 (+3.6% from 2011) | 231,409 (+0.9% from 2006) |
| Land area | 115.77 km2 (44.70 sq mi) | 115,785 km2 (44,705 sq mi) | 115.59 km2 (44.63 sq mi) |
| Population density | 2,198.2/km2 (5,693/sq mi) | 2,070.9/km2 (5,364/sq mi) | 2,002.0/km2 (5,185/sq mi) |
| Median age | 41.6 (M: 40.4, F: 42.4) | 41.9 (M: 40.7, F: 43.4) | 41.9 (M: 40.4, F: 43.5) |
| Private dwellings | 117,006 (total) | 110,761 (total) | 106,499 (total) |
| Median household income | $71,500 | $58,626 | $58,317 |
Of the 147,805 workers in Longueuil, the median income was $36,400, which is above Quebec's provincial average of $36,000. Among the 69,945 full-time workers, the median income was $58,000 or slightly below the provincial average.[19] Several of Montreal's most impoverished neighborhoods are located in Longueuil.[20]
Language
As of the 2021 Canadian Census, French was the mother tongue language of 71.9% of Longueuil's residents while English was the first language of 5.8%. Other languages were spoken by 17.8% of the population, with the most spoken being Spanish (4.5%), Arabic (2.9%), Romanian (0.9%), Haitian Creole (0.9%), Portuguese (0.8%), Mandarin (0.8%), Russian (0.7%) and Dari (0.7%).[21] These figures include multiple responses.
| Canada Census Mother Tongue - Longueuil, Quebec | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Total | French
|
English
|
French & English
|
Other
| |||||||||||||
| Year | Responses | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | |||||
2021
|
251,825
|
181,075 |  0.89%
|
71.9% | 14,565 | 4.78%
|
5.8% | 4,460 | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Longueuil||||||||||