Gliese 179

Gliese 179
Observation data; Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0
Constellation	Orion
Right ascension	04h 52m 05.73212s
Declination	+06° 28′ 35.5887″
Apparent magnitude (V)	11.94
Characteristics
Spectral type	M2V or M3.5
Apparent magnitude (U)	14.791
Apparent magnitude (B)	13.530
Apparent magnitude (R)	10.85
Apparent magnitude (I)	9.334
Apparent magnitude (J)	7.814±0.024
Apparent magnitude (H)	7.209±0.046
Apparent magnitude (K)	6.942±0.018
U−B color index	1.26
B−V color index	1.590±0.015
V−R color index	1.09
R−I color index	1.52
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)	–9.05±0.15 km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: 153.615 mas/yr ; Dec.: −306.046 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	80.5623 ± 0.0236 mas
Distance	40.48 ± 0.01 ly ; (12.413 ± 0.004 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)	11.50
Details
Mass	0.400±0.005 M☉; 0.357±0.03 M☉
Radius	0.400±0.005 R☉; 0.318±0.024 R☉; 0.38±0.02 R☉
Luminosity	0.0158±0.0003 L☉; 0.016±0.02 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)	4.148 cgs
Temperature	3,424±16 K
Metallicity	+0.36±0.04 dex; +0.30±0.10 dex; +0.12 dex
Age	4.6+3.5; −2.4 Gyr
Other designations
	GJ 179, HIP 22627, G 83-37, 84-15, 82-52, LTT 11525, NLTT 14088, Ross 401, Wolf 1539
Database references
SIMBAD	data
Exoplanet Archive	data
ARICNS	data

Gliese 179 is a small red dwarf star with an exoplanetary companion in the equatorial constellation of Orion. It is much too faint to be visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 11.94.^[2] The system is located at a distance of 40.5 light-years (12.4 parsecs) from the Sun based on parallax measurements, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of –9 km/s.^[2] It is a high proper motion star, traversing the celestial sphere at an angular rate of 0.370″·yr⁻¹.^[12]

This is an M-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of M2V.^[3] Based on the motion of this star through space, it is estimated to be roughly 4.6 billion years old.^[10] It is chromospherically active^[5] with a projected rotational velocity of 4 km/s.^[7] This star is smaller and less massive than the Sun, but has a higher metal content. It is radiating just 1.6% of the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,424.^[8]

In 2009, a Jovian-type planet was found in orbit around the star,^[5] one of the few red dwarfs known to harbor a planet of this mass.^[10] The radial velocity data suggested there may be an additional companion. At the orbital distance of this planet, it is not expected to be influenced by tidal interactions with the host star.^[10] In 2023, the inclination and true mass of Gliese 179 b were determined via astrometry.^[13] A second candidate planet was reported in 2017^[14] and was also reported in a 2019 preprint. This is a potential super-Earth with a minimum mass equal to about five times the mass of the Earth.^[15]

The Gliese 179 planetary system^[13]^[15]
Companion (in order from star)	Mass	Semimajor axis (AU)	Orbital period (days)	Eccentricity	Inclination	Radius
c (unconfirmed)	≥4.9±2.7 M_🜨	0.032±0.003	3.4798+0.0014 −0.0010	0.04+0.27 −0.04	—	—
b	0.95+0.16 −0.11 $M$ _J	2.424+0.071 −0.075	2303+34 −31	0.179+0.048 −0.044	61+16 −13 or 119+13 −16°	—

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012). "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation". Astronomy Letters. 38 (5): 331. arXiv:1108.4971. Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A. doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015. S2CID 11925764.
^ ^a ^b Stephenson, C. B. (July 1986). "Dwarf K and M stars of high proper motion found in a hemispheric survey". The Astronomical Journal. 92: 139–165. Bibcode:1986AJ.....92..139S. doi:10.1086/114146.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Schweitzer, A.; et al. (May 2019). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Different roads to radii and masses of the target stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 625: 16. arXiv:1904.03231. Bibcode:2019A&A...625A..68S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834965. S2CID 102351979. A68.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Howard, Andrew W.; et al. (2010). "The California Planet Survey. I. Four New Giant Exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal. 721 (2): 1467–1481. arXiv:1003.3488. Bibcode:2010ApJ...721.1467H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/721/2/1467. S2CID 14147776.
^ Houdebine, Éric R.; et al. (2019). "The Mass-Activity Relationships in M and K Dwarfs. I. Stellar Parameters of Our Sample of M and K Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (2): 56. arXiv:1905.07921. Bibcode:2019AJ....158...56H. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab23fe. S2CID 159041104.
^ ^a ^b Hojjatpanah, S.; et al. (2019). "Catalog for the ESPRESSO blind radial velocity exoplanet survey". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 629: A80. arXiv:1908.04627. Bibcode:2019A&A...629A..80H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834729. S2CID 199552090.
^ ^a ^b Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara; et al. (April 2012). "Metallicity and Temperature Indicators in M Dwarf K-band Spectra: Testing New and Updated Calibrations with Observations of 133 Solar Neighborhood M Dwarfs" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 748 (2): 93. arXiv:1112.4567. Bibcode:2012ApJ...748...93R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/748/2/93. S2CID 41902340.
^ Lindgren, Sara; Heiter, Ulrike (2017). "Metallicity determination of M dwarfs. Expanded parameter range in metallicity and effective temperature". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 604. A97. arXiv:1705.08785. Bibcode:2017A&A...604A..97L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730715. S2CID 119216828.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Veyette, Mark J.; Muirhead, Philip S. (August 2018). "Chemo-kinematic Ages of Eccentric-planet-hosting M Dwarf Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 863 (2): 16. arXiv:1807.06017. Bibcode:2018ApJ...863..166V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aad40e. S2CID 119218351. 166.
^ "Wolf 1539". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
^ Lépine, Sébastien; Shara, Michael M. (March 2005). "A Catalog of Northern Stars with Annual Proper Motions Larger than 0.15" (LSPM-NORTH Catalog)". The Astronomical Journal. 129 (3): 1483–1522. arXiv:astro-ph/0412070. Bibcode:2005AJ....129.1483L. doi:10.1086/427854. S2CID 2603568.
^ ^a ^b Xiao, Guang-Yao; Liu, Yu-Juan; et al. (March 2023). "The Masses of a Sample of Radial-Velocity Exoplanets with Astrometric Measurements". Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 23 (5). arXiv:2303.12409. Bibcode:2023RAA....23e5022X. doi:10.1088/1674-4527/accb7e. S2CID 257663647.
^ Butler, R. Paul; et al. (13 April 2017). "The LCES HIRES/Keck Precision Radial Velocity Exoplanet Survey". The Astronomical Journal. 153 (5): 208. arXiv:1702.03571. Bibcode:2017AJ....153..208B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa66ca. hdl:2299/18220. S2CID 14954371.
^ ^a ^b Tuomi, M.; Jones, H. R. A.; Anglada-Escudé, G.; Butler, R. P.; Arriagada, P.; Vogt, S. S.; et al. (2019). "Frequency of planets orbiting M dwarfs in the Solar neighbourhood". arXiv:1906.04644 .

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[GaiaDR3-1] Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.

[Anderson_Francis_2012-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012). "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation". Astronomy Letters. 38 (5): 331. arXiv:1108.4971. Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A. doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015. S2CID 11925764.

[Stephenson1986-3] Stephenson, C. B. (July 1986). "Dwarf K and M stars of high proper motion found in a hemispheric survey". The Astronomical Journal. 92: 139–165. Bibcode:1986AJ.....92..139S. doi:10.1086/114146.

[Schweitzer_et_al_2019-4] Schweitzer, A.; et al. (May 2019). "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Different roads to radii and masses of the target stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 625: 16. arXiv:1904.03231. Bibcode:2019A&A...625A..68S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834965. S2CID 102351979. A68.

[Howard2010-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Howard, Andrew W.; et al. (2010). "The California Planet Survey. I. Four New Giant Exoplanets". The Astrophysical Journal. 721 (2): 1467–1481. arXiv:1003.3488. Bibcode:2010ApJ...721.1467H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/721/2/1467. S2CID 14147776.

[Houdebine_et_al_2019-6] Houdebine, Éric R.; et al. (2019). "The Mass-Activity Relationships in M and K Dwarfs. I. Stellar Parameters of Our Sample of M and K Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (2): 56. arXiv:1905.07921. Bibcode:2019AJ....158...56H. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab23fe. S2CID 159041104.

[Hojjatpanah_et_al_2019-7] Hojjatpanah, S.; et al. (2019). "Catalog for the ESPRESSO blind radial velocity exoplanet survey". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 629: A80. arXiv:1908.04627. Bibcode:2019A&A...629A..80H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834729. S2CID 199552090.

[apj748_2_934-8] Rojas-Ayala, Bárbara; et al. (April 2012). "Metallicity and Temperature Indicators in M Dwarf K-band Spectra: Testing New and Updated Calibrations with Observations of 133 Solar Neighborhood M Dwarfs" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 748 (2): 93. arXiv:1112.4567. Bibcode:2012ApJ...748...93R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/748/2/93. S2CID 41902340.

[Lindgren2017-9] Lindgren, Sara; Heiter, Ulrike (2017). "Metallicity determination of M dwarfs. Expanded parameter range in metallicity and effective temperature". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 604. A97. arXiv:1705.08785. Bibcode:2017A&A...604A..97L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730715. S2CID 119216828.

[Veyette_Muirhead_2018-10] Veyette, Mark J.; Muirhead, Philip S. (August 2018). "Chemo-kinematic Ages of Eccentric-planet-hosting M Dwarf Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 863 (2): 16. arXiv:1807.06017. Bibcode:2018ApJ...863..166V. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aad40e. S2CID 119218351. 166.

[SIMBAD-11] "Wolf 1539". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2021-11-17.

[Lepine_Shara_2005-12] Lépine, Sébastien; Shara, Michael M. (March 2005). "A Catalog of Northern Stars with Annual Proper Motions Larger than 0.15" (LSPM-NORTH Catalog)". The Astronomical Journal. 129 (3): 1483–1522. arXiv:astro-ph/0412070. Bibcode:2005AJ....129.1483L. doi:10.1086/427854. S2CID 2603568.

[Xiao2023-13] Xiao, Guang-Yao; Liu, Yu-Juan; et al. (March 2023). "The Masses of a Sample of Radial-Velocity Exoplanets with Astrometric Measurements". Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 23 (5). arXiv:2303.12409. Bibcode:2023RAA....23e5022X. doi:10.1088/1674-4527/accb7e. S2CID 257663647.

[Butler2017-14] Butler, R. Paul; et al. (13 April 2017). "The LCES HIRES/Keck Precision Radial Velocity Exoplanet Survey". The Astronomical Journal. 153 (5): 208. arXiv:1702.03571. Bibcode:2017AJ....153..208B. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa66ca. hdl:2299/18220. S2CID 14954371.

[Tuomi_et_al_2019-15] Tuomi, M.; Jones, H. R. A.; Anglada-Escudé, G.; Butler, R. P.; Arriagada, P.; Vogt, S. S.; et al. (2019). "Frequency of planets orbiting M dwarfs in the Solar neighbourhood". arXiv:1906.04644 .

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Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0
Constellation	Orion
Right ascension	04^h 52^m 05.73212^s^[1]
Declination	+06° 28′ 35.5887″^[1]
Apparent magnitude (V)	11.94^[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type	M2V^[3] or M3.5^[4]
Apparent magnitude (U)	14.791^[2]
Apparent magnitude (B)	13.530^[2]
Apparent magnitude (R)	10.85^[2]
Apparent magnitude (I)	9.334^[2]
Apparent magnitude (J)	7.814±0.024^[2]
Apparent magnitude (H)	7.209±0.046^[2]
Apparent magnitude (K)	6.942±0.018^[2]
U−B color index	1.26^[2]
B−V color index	1.590±0.015^[2]
V−R color index	1.09^[2]
R−I color index	1.52^[2]
Astrometry

Radial velocity (R_v)	–9.05±0.15^[2] km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: 153.615 mas/yr^[1] Dec.: −306.046 mas/yr^[1]
Parallax (π)	80.5623 ± 0.0236 mas^[1]
Distance	40.48 ± 0.01 ly (12.413 ± 0.004 pc)
Absolute magnitude (M_V)	11.50^[2]

Details

Mass	0.400±0.005 M_☉^[4] 0.357±0.03^[5] `M`_☉
Radius	0.400±0.005 R_☉^[4] 0.318±0.024 R_☉^[6] 0.38±0.02^[5] `R`_☉
Luminosity	0.0158±0.0003 L_☉^[4] 0.016±0.02^[5] `L`_☉
Surface gravity (log g)	4.148^[7] cgs
Temperature	3,424±16^[8] K
Metallicity	+0.36±0.04 dex^[9] +0.30±0.10 dex^[5] +0.12^[10] dex
Age	4.6+3.5 −2.4^[10] Gyr

Other designations
GJ 179, HIP 22627, G 83-37, 84-15, 82-52, LTT 11525, NLTT 14088, Ross 401, Wolf 1539^[11]
Database references
SIMBAD	data
Exoplanet Archive	data
ARICNS	data

See also

References