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The province of Alberta, Canada, is divided into ten types of local governments – urban municipalities (including cities, towns, villages and summer villages), specialized municipalities, rural municipalities (including municipal districts (often named as counties), improvement districts, and special areas), Métis settlements, and Indian reserves. All types of municipalities are governed by local residents and were incorporated under various provincial acts, with the exception of improvement districts (governed by either the provincial or federal government), and Alberta's Indian reserves (governed by local band governments under federal jurisdiction).
Alberta also has numerous unincorporated communities (including urban service areas, hamlets and a townsite) that are not independent municipalities in their own right. However, they are all recognized as sub-municipal entities by Ministry of Municipal Affairs under the jurisdiction of specialized municipalities or rural municipalities, with the exception of the lone townsite (its jurisdiction is shared with an Indian reserve that surrounds it).
With the exception of Métis settlements, Statistics Canada recognizes all of Alberta's municipalities as census subdivisions and groups them into 19 census divisions based on geography. Within census divisions, Statistics Canada groups some of Alberta's municipalities/census subdivisions into two census metropolitan areas (CMAs) or 12 census agglomerations (CAs) for enumeration purposes. All CMAs include large urban centres and surrounding census subdivisions. All CAs also include large urban centres and in some cases their surrounding census subdivisions.
With the exception of Indian reserves, the administration of municipalities in Alberta is regulated by the Municipal Government Act,[1] the Special Areas Act[2] and the Metis Settlements Act.[3]
As of 2019, the combined unofficial population of all of Alberta's municipalities was 4,271,759.[4]
Municipalities
Urban municipalities
Cities
According to Section 82 of the Municipal Government Act (MGA), an area may incorporate as a city if:
- it has a population of 10,000 people or more; and
- the majority of its buildings are on parcels of land smaller than 1,850 m2 (19,900 sq ft).[1]
Essentially, cities are formed from urban communities with populations of at least 10,000 people.[5]
Alberta currently has a total of 19 cities with a combined population totalling 2,959,559 as of 2019.[4]
Name | Region | Incorporation date (city)[6] |
Council size[6] |
2021 Census of Population[7] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population (2021) |
Population (2016) |
Change (%) |
Land area (km2) |
Population density (per km2) | ||||
Airdrie | Calgary Metro | Jan 1, 1985 | 7 | 74,100 | 61,581 | +20.3% | 84.39 | 878.1 |
Beaumont[AB 1] | Edmonton Metro | Jan 1, 2019 | 7 | 20,888 | 17,457 | +19.7% | 24.70 | 845.7 |
Brooks[AB 2] | Southern | Sep 1, 2005 | 7 | 14,924 | 14,451 | +3.3% | 18.21 | 819.5 |
Calgary[AB 3] | Calgary Metro | Jan 1, 1894 | 15 | 1,306,784 | 1,239,220 | +5.5% | 820.62 | 1,592.4 |
Camrose | Central | Jan 1, 1955 | 9 | 18,772 | 18,742 | +0.2% | 41.67 | 450.5 |
Chestermere[AB 4] | Calgary Metro | Jan 1, 2015 | 7 | 22,163 | 19,887 | +11.4% | 32.83 | 675.1 |
Cold Lake | North | Oct 1, 2000 | 7 | 15,661 | 14,976 | +4.6% | 66.61 | 235.1 |
Edmonton[AB 5] | Edmonton Metro | Oct 8, 1904 | 13 | 1,010,899 | 933,088 | +8.3% | 765.61 | 1,320.4 |
Fort Saskatchewan | Edmonton Metro | Jul 1, 1985 | 7 | 27,088 | 24,169 | +12.1% | 56.50 | 479.4 |
Grande Prairie | Northern | Jan 1, 1958 | 9 | 64,141 | 63,166 | +1.5% | 132.71 | 483.3 |
Lacombe | Central | Sep 5, 2010 | 7 | 13,396 | 13,057 | +2.6% | 20.59 | 650.6 |
Leduc | Edmonton Metro | Sep 1, 1983 | 7 | 34,094 | 29,993 | +13.7% | 42.25 | 807.0 |
Lethbridge | Southern | May 9, 1906 | 9 | 98,406 | 92,729 | +6.1% | 121.12 | 812.5 |
Lloydminster (part)[AB 6] | Central | Jan 1, 1958 | 7 | 19,739 | 19,645 | +0.5% | 23.98 | 823.1 |
Medicine Hat | Southern | May 9, 1906 | 9 | 63,271 | 63,260 | 0.0% | 111.97 | 565.1 |
Red Deer | Central | Mar 25, 1913 | 9 | 100,844 | 100,418 | +0.4% | 104.34 | 966.5 |
Spruce Grove | Edmonton Metro | Mar 1, 1986 | 7 | 37,645 | 34,108 | +10.4% | 37.52 | 1,003.3 |
St. Albert | Edmonton Metro | Jan 1, 1977 | 7 | 68,232 | 65,589 | +4.0% | 47.84 | 1,426.3 |
Wetaskiwin[AB 7] | Central | May 9, 1906 | 7 | 12,594 | 12,655 | −0.5% | 18.75 | 671.7 |
Total cities | — | — | 157 | 3,023,641 | 2,838,191 | +6.5% | 2,572.21 | 1,175.5 |
Towns
According to Section 81 of the Municipal Government Act (MGA), an area may incorporate as a town if:
- it has a population of 1,000 people or more; and
- the majority of its buildings are on parcels of land smaller than 1,850 m2 (19,900 sq ft).[1]
Essentially, towns are formed from urban communities with populations of at least 1,000 people. When a town's population exceeds 10,000 people, its council may apply to change its status to that of a city, but the change in incorporated status is not mandatory.[5]
Communities with shrinking populations are allowed to retain town status even if the number of residents falls below the 1,000 limit. Some of Alberta's towns have never reached a population of 1,000 people, but were incorporated as towns before the current requirement to have a population of 1,000 or more.
Alberta currently has a total of 107 towns, with a combined population totalling 466,470 as of 2019.[4]
Name | Specialized/rural municipality[8] |
Incorporation date (town)[9] |
Municipal census population (year)[10] |
Population (2016)[11] |
Population (2011)[11] |
Change (%)[11] |
Land area (km2)[11] |
Population density (per km2)[11] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Athabasca[N 1] | Athabasca County | Sep 19, 1911 | 2,965 | 2,990 | −0.8% | 17.65 | 168.0 | |
Banff | Improvement District No. 9 (Banff) | Jan 1, 1990 | 8,875 (2017) |
7,851 | 7,584 | +3.5% | 4.77 | 1,645.9 |
Barrhead | Barrhead No. 11, County of | Nov 26, 1946 | 4,579 | 4,432 | +3.3% | 8.17 | 560.5 | |
Bashaw | Camrose County | May 1, 1964 | 830 | 873 | −4.9% | 2.99 | 277.6 | |
Bassano | Newell, County of | Jan 16, 1911 | 1,206 | 1,282 | −5.9% | 5.22 | 231.0 | |
Beaverlodge | Grande Prairie No. 1, County of | Jan 24, 1956 | 2,465 | 2,365 | +4.2% | 5.73 | 430.2 | |
Bentley | Lacombe County | Jan 1, 2001 | 1,078 | 1,073 | +0.5% | 2.24 | 481.3 | |
Blackfalds | Lacombe County | Apr 1, 1980 | 10,125 (2018) |
9,328 | 6,300 | +48.1% | 16.44 | 567.4 |
Bon Accord | Sturgeon County | Nov 20, 1979 | 1,529 | 1,488 | +2.8% | 2.13 | 717.8 | |
Bonnyville | Bonnyville No. 87, M.D. of | Feb 3, 1948 | 6,422 (2017) |
5,975[12] | 6,216 | −3.9% | 14.18 | 421.4 |
Bow Island | Forty Mile No. 8, County of | Feb 1, 1912 | 2,043 (2017) |
1,983 | 2,025 | −2.1% | 5.81 | 341.3 |
Bowden | Red Deer County | Sep 1, 1981 | 1,240 | 1,241 | −0.1% | 2.8 | 442.9 | |
Bruderheim | Lamont County | Sep 17, 1980 | 1,395 (2018) |
1,308 | 1,155 | +13.2% | 7.12 | 183.7 |
Calmar | Leduc County | Jan 19, 1954 | 2,228 | 1,970 | +13.1% | 4.68 | 476.1 | |
Canmore | Bighorn No. 8, M.D. of Kananaskis Improvement District[13] |
Jun 1, 1966 | 13,992 | 12,288 | +13.9% | 69.43 | 201.5 | |
Cardston | Cardston County | Jul 2, 1901 | 3,909 (2018) |
3,585 | 3,580 | +0.1% | 8.59 | 417.3 |
Carstairs | Mountain View County | Sep 1, 1966 | 4,077 | 3,442 | +18.4% | 11.92 | 342.0 | |
Castor | Paintearth No. 18, County of | Jun 27, 1910 | 929 | 932 | −0.3% | 2.63 | 353.2 | |
Claresholm | Willow Creek No. 26, M.D. of | Aug 31, 1905 | 3,780 | 3,758 | +0.6% | 8.11 | 466.1 | |
Coaldale | Lethbridge County | Jan 7, 1952 | 8,691 (2019)[14] |
8,215 | 7,493 | +9.6% | 7.99 | 1,028.2 |
Coalhurst | Lethbridge County | Jun 1, 1995 | 2,784 (2019)[15] |
2,668 | 1,978 | +34.9% | 3.11 | 857.9 |
Cochrane | Rocky View County | Feb 15, 1971 | 29,277 (2019)[16] |
25,853 | 17,580 | +47.1% | 29.83 | 866.7 |
Coronation | Paintearth No. 18, County of | Apr 29, 1912 | 940 | 947 | −0.7% | 3.62 | 259.7 | |
Crossfield | Rocky View County | Aug 1, 1980 | 3,308 (2018) |
2,983 | 2,853 | +4.6% | 11.96 | 249.4 |
Daysland | Flagstaff County | Apr 2, 1907 | 824 | 807 | +2.1% | 1.75 | 470.9 | |
Devon | Leduc County | Feb 24, 1950 | 6,578 | 6,515 | +1.0% | 14.3 | 460.0 | |
Diamond Valley | Foothills County | Jan 1, 2023[17] | 5,259 | 4,540 | +15.8% | 9.63 | 546.1 | |
Didsbury | Mountain View County | Sep 27, 1906 | 5,268 | 4,957 | +6.3% | 16.37 | 321.8 | |
Drayton Valley | Brazeau County | Feb 1, 1957 | 7,235 | 7,118 | +1.6% | 30.72 | 235.5 | |
Drumheller[N 2] | Kneehill County Special Area No. 2 Starland County Wheatland County[18] |
Mar 2, 1916 January 1, 1998 |
7,982 | 8,029 | −0.6% | 108.03 | 73.9 | |
Eckville | Lacombe County | Jul 1, 1966 | 1,163 (2018) |
1,125 | 1,125 | 0.0% | 1.6 | 703.1 |
Edson | Yellowhead County | Sep 21, 1911 | 8,414 | 8,475 | −0.7% | 29.72 | 283.1 | |
Elk Point | St. Paul No. 19, County of | Jan 1, 1962 | 1,452 | 1,412 | +2.8% | 4.91 | 295.7 | |
Fairview | Fairview No. 136, M.D. of | Apr 25, 1949 | 2,998 | 3,162 | −5.2% | 11.36 | 263.9 | |
Falher | Smoky River No. 130, M.D. of | Jan 1, 1955 | 1,047 | 1,075 | −2.6% | 2.78 | 376.6 | |
Fort Macleod[N 3] | Willow Creek No. 26, M.D. of | Mar 29, 1912 | 2,967 | 3,117 | −4.8% | 23.41 | 126.7 | |
Fox Creek | Greenview No. 16, M.D. of | Sep 1, 1983 | 1,971 | 1,969 | +0.1% | 12.36 | 159.5 | |
Gibbons | Sturgeon County | Apr 1, 1977 | 3,159 | 3,030 | +4.3% | 7.5 | 421.2 | |
Grimshaw | Peace No. 135, M.D. of | Feb 2, 1953 | 2,718 | 2,515 | +8.1% | 7.09 | 383.4 | |
Hanna | Special Area No. 2 | Apr 14, 1914 | 2,559 | 2,673 | −4.3% | 8.81 | 290.5 | |
Hardisty | Flagstaff County | Nov 9, 1910 | 554 | 639 | −13.3% | 5.13 | 108.0 | |
High Level | Mackenzie County | Sep 1, 1983 | 3,992 (2017) |
3,159 | 3,641 | −13.2% | 29.2 | 108.2 |
High Prairie | Big Lakes County | Jan 10, 1950 | 2,564 | 2,600 | −1.4% | 7.22 | 355.1 | |
High River | Foothills No. 31, M.D. of | Feb 12, 1906 | 13,584 | 12,930 | +5.1% | 21.39 | 635.1 | |
Hinton | Yellowhead County | Dec 29, 1958 | Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Urban_service_area |