Triaenonychidae

Triaenonychidae
	Fumontana deprehendor
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Opiliones
Suborder:	Laniatores
Superfamily:	Triaenonychoidea
Family:	Triaenonychidae; Sørensen in L. Koch, 1886
Subfamilies
	Triaenonychinae; Kaolinonychinae; Nippononychinae; Paranonychinae; Sclerobuninae; Soerensenellinae;
Diversity
	c. 120 genera, > 440 species

The Triaenonychidae are a family of harvestmen with about 120 genera and more than 440 described species.

Description

Most Triaenonychidae are from three to five millimeters long, although some species from South Africa can be only 1 millimetre (0.039 in) long. Some species in the subfamily Adaeinae are almost 10 mm (0.39 in) long. Legs are almost always short, measuring 4–12 mm (0.16–0.47 in). The armed pedipalps are large, and much stronger than the legs.^[1]

Distribution

Triaenonychidae are found in North and South America, Japan and Korea, Australia and New Zealand, and Madagascar.^[1]

Relationships

The Triaenonychidae should probably split into at least two families. The genera from the Australian region are considered Triaenonychidae sensu stricto, and may include the strange Synthetonychiidae; the northern species should be grouped with Travuniidae.^[1]

Name

The name of the type genus Triaenonyx is combined from Ancient Greek τρίαινα (triaina, "trident, fish spear") and ὄνυξ (onyx, "claw").^[1]

Genera

The following genera are included in the family:^[2]

Triaenonychinae Sørensen in L. Koch, 1886

Triaenonychini Sørensen in L. Koch, 1886

Acumontia Loman, 1898
Allonuncia Hickman, 1958
Amatola Lawrence, 1931
Ankaratrix Lawrence, 1959
Ankylonuncia Hickman, 1958
Antongila Roewer, 1931
Austromontia Lawrence, 1931
Austronuncia Lawrence, 1931
Bezavonia Roewer, 1949
Biacumontia Lawrence, 1931
Brasiloctis Mello-Leitão, 1938
Breviacantha Kauri, 1954
Bryonuncia Hickman, 1958
Callihamina Roewer, 1942
Callihamus Roewer, 1931
Calliuncus Roewer, 1931
Ceratomontia Roewer, 1915
Cluniella Forster, 1955
Conoculus Forster, 1949
Decarynella Fage, 1945
Diaenobunus Roewer, 1914
Diasia Sørensen, 1902
Equitius Simon, 1880
Graemontia Lawrence, 1931
Gunvoria Kauri, 1961
Hedwiga Roewer, 1931
Hendea Roewer, 1931
Hendeola Forster, 1954
Heteronuncia Roewer, 1920
Hickmanoxyomma G. S. Hunt, 1990
Holonuncia Forster, 1955
Hovanuncia Lawrence, 1959
Ivohibea Lawrence, 1959
Lawrencella Strand, 1932
Leionuncia Hickman, 1958
Lispomontia Lawrence, 1937
Lizamontia Kury, 2004 South Africa
Lomanella Pocock, 1903
Mensamontia Lawrence, 1931
Metanuncia Roewer, 1914
Micromontia Lawrence, 1939
Millomontia Lawrence, 1959
Millotonyx Lawrence, 1959
Monomontia Lawrence, 1931
Nahuelonyx E. A. Maury, 1988
Neonuncia Roewer, 1914
Notonuncia Hickman, 1958
Nucina Hickman, 1958
Nuncia Loman, 1902
Nunciella Roewer, 1929
Nuncioides Hickman, 1958
Odontonuncia Hickman, 1958
Paramontia Lawrence, 1934
Paranuncia Roewer, 1914
Parattahia Roewer, 1914
Paulianyx Lawrence, 1959
Perthacantha Roewer, 1931
Planimontia Kauri, 1961
Prasma Roewer, 1931
Prasmiola Forster, 1954
Promecostethus Enderlein, 1909
Psalenoba Roewer, 1931
Rhynchobunus Hickman, 1958
Roewerania Lawrence, 1934
Rostromontia Lawrence, 1931
Speleomontia Lawrence, 1931
Stylonuncia Hickman, 1958
Tasmanonyx Hickman, 1958
Triaenomontia Roewer, 1914
Triaenonychoides H. Soares, 1968
Triaenonyx Sørensen in L. Koch, 1886
Triconobunus Roewer, 1914
Valdivionyx E. A. Maury, 1988
Yatala Roewer, 1942
Yulella Lawrence, 1939

Adaeini Pocock, 1902

Adaeulum Roewer, 1914
Adaeum Karsch, 1880
Cryptadaeum Lawrence, 1931
Heteradaeum Lawrence, 1963
Larifuga Loman, 1898
Larifugella Lawrence, 1933
Micradaeum Lawrence, 1931
Montadaeum Lawrence, 1931
Paradaeum Lawrence, 1931
Triregia Forster, 1948

Triaenobunini Pocock, 1902

Pyenganella Hickman, 1958
Tasmanonuncia Hickman, 1958
Thelbunus Hickman, 1958
Triaenobunus Sørensen in L. Koch, 1886
Dingupa Forster, 1952
Algidia Hogg, 1920
Allobunus Hickman, 1958
Americobunus Muñoz-Cuevas, 1972
Araucanobunus Muñoz-Cuevas, 1973
Cenefia Roewer, 1931
Chilobunus Hickman, 1958
Chrestobunus Roewer, 1914
Dipristes Roewer, 1931
Eubunus Hickman, 1958
Glyptobunus Roewer, 1914
Mestonia Hickman, 1958
Miobunus Roewer, 1915
Muscicola Forster, 1954
Phanerobunus Roewer, 1915
Phoxobunus Hickman, 1958
Pristobunus Roewer, 1931

incertae sedis

Fumontana Shear, 1977
Picunchenops E. A. Maury, 1988

Kaolinonychinae Suzuki, 1975

Kaolinonychus Suzuki, 1975
Mutsunonychus Suzuki, 1976

Nippononychinae Suzuki, 1975

Nippononychus Suzuki, 1975
Metanippononychus Suzuki, 1975
Izunonychus Suzuki, 1975

Paranonychinae Briggs, 1971

Kainonychus Suzuki, 1975
Metanonychus Briggs, 1971
Paranonychus Briggs, 1971

Sclerobuninae Dumitrescu, 1976

Cyptobunus Banks, 1905
Sclerobunus Banks, 1893
Zuma Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942

Sorensenellinae Forster, 1954

Karamea Forster, 1954
Sorensenella Pocock, 1903

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Adriano B. Kury (2007). "Triaenonychidae Sørensen, 1886". In Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha, Glauco Machado & Gonzalo Giribet (ed.). Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press. pp. 239–246. ISBN 978-0-674-02343-7.
^ Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: Triaenonychidae

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[pinto-239ff-1] Adriano B. Kury (2007). "Triaenonychidae Sørensen, 1886". In Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha, Glauco Machado & Gonzalo Giribet (ed.). Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press. pp. 239–246. ISBN 978-0-674-02343-7.

[2] Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: Triaenonychidae

[1]

[2]

Triaenonychidae

Fumontana deprehendor
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Opiliones
Suborder:	Laniatores
Superfamily:	Triaenonychoidea
Family:	Triaenonychidae Sørensen in L. Koch, 1886
Subfamilies
Triaenonychinae Kaolinonychinae Nippononychinae Paranonychinae Sclerobuninae Soerensenellinae
Diversity
c. 120 genera, > 440 species