Sclerosomatidae

Sclerosomatidae; Temporal range: Jurassic–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Hadrobunus grandis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Opiliones
Suborder:	Eupnoi
Superfamily:	Phalangioidea
Family:	Sclerosomatidae; Simon, 1879
Subfamilies
	Gagrellinae (117 genera); Gyantinae (3 genera); Leiobuninae (13 genera); Sclerosomatinae (10 genera)
Diversity
	4 subfamilies, c. 150 genera

The Sclerosomatidae are a family of harvestmen with about 1,300 known species.^[1] One former subfamily has been recently removed to form a new family, Globipedidae.^[2]

Name

The name is combined from Ancient Greek skleros "hard" and soma "body".^[3]

Genera

Gagrellinae Thorell, 1889

Abaetetuba Tourinho-Davis, 2004 (5 species)
Adungrella Roewer, 1955 (3 species)
Aguilaia González-Sponga, 2003 (1 species; Venezuela)
Akalpia Roewer, 1915 (2 species; India and Japan)
Altobunus Roewer, 1910 (3 species; Celebes and Philippines)
Amazonesia Soares, 1970 (2 species)
Antigrella Roewer, 1954 (1 species)
Aurivilliola Roewer, 1910 (17 species; South and Southeast Asia)
Azucarella Roewer, 1959 (1 species)
Bakerinulus Roewer, 1955 (1 species)
Bastia Roewer, 1910 (3 species; South and Southeast Asia)
Bastioides Mello-Leitão, 1931 (1 species; South America)
Baturitia Roewer, 1931 (1 species; Sunda Islands)
Bellonia González-Sponga, 2003 (1 species; Venezuela)
Biceropsis Roewer, 1935 (1 species; Burma)
Bonthainia Roewer, 1913 (5 species; South and Southeast Asia)
Bullobunus Roewer, 1910 (7 species; Philippines)
Caluga Roewer, 1959 (1 species)
Cardenalia Kury, 2017 (1 species; Venezuela)
Carinobius Roewer, 1955 (1 species)
Carmenia Roewer, 1915 (1 species; Colombia)
Carmichaelus Roewer, 1929 (1 species; India)
Ceratobunellus Roewer, 1911 (3 species; India)
Ceratobunoides Roewer, 1923 (2 species; Sumatra)
Ceratobunus Thorell, 1889 (13 species)
Cervibunus Roewer, 1912 (3 Species; South and Southeast Asia)
Chasenella Roewer, 1955 (2 species; Borneo)
Chebabius Roewer, 1935 (1 species; Burma)
Coonoora Roewer, 1929 (1 species; India)
Dentobunus Roewer, 1910 (33 species; Southeast Asia)
Diangathia Roewer, 1955 (1 species)
Echinobunus Roewer, 1912 (1 species; Java)
Euceratobunus Roewer, 1923 (1 species; India)
Eugagrella Roewer, 1910 (25 species; South and Southeast Asia)
Euzaleptus Roewer, 1911 (4 species; South and Southeast Asia)
Fesa Roewer, 1953 (1 species)
Gagrella Stoliczka, 1869 (226 species; Asia)
Gagrellenna Roewer, 1929 (1 species; India)
Gagrellina Roewer, 1913 (1 species; Celebes)
Gagrellissa Roewer, 1931 (1 species; Sunda Islands)
Gagrellopsis Sato & Suzuki, 1939 (1 species; Japan)
Gagrellula Roewer, 1910 (67 species; Asia)
Garleppa Roewer, 1912 (4 species; South America)
Geaya Roewer, 1910 (82 species; Latin America)
Globulosoma Martens, 1987 (2 species; Nepal)
Guaranobunus Ringuelet, 1954 (1 species; Argentina)
Hamitergum Crawford, 1992 (1 species; Russia)
Harmanda Roewer, 1910 (15 species; Asia)
Harmandina Schenkel, 1954 (1 species)
Hehoa Roewer, 1929 (1 species; India)
Heterogagrella Roewer, 1954 (2 species; Southeast Asia)
Hexazaleptus Suzuki, 1966 (1 species)
Hexomma Thorell, 1876 (9 species; Southeast Asia)
Himaldroma Martens, 1987 (2 species; Nepal)
Himalzaleptus Martens, 1987 (1 species; Nepal)
Holcobunus Roewer, 1910 (26 or 27 species; Latin America)
Holmbergiana Mello-Leitão, 1931 (3 species; South America)
Hologagrella Roewer, 1910 (7 species; Southeast Asia)
Hypogrella Roewer, 1955 (1 species)
Hypsibunus Thorell, 1891 (11 species; India & Southeast Asia)
Jussara Mello-Leitão, 1935 (10 species; South America)
Koyamaia Suzuki, 1972 (1 species)
Krusa Goodnight & Goodnight, 1947 (10 species; Mexico)
Krusella Roewer, 1953 (1 species; Venezuela)
Liopagus Chamberlin, 1916 (1 species)
Marthana Thorell, 1891 (24 species; Southeast Asia)
Melanopa Thorell, 1889 (30 species; India, Southeast Asia)
Melanopella Roewer, 1931 (3 species; Sunda Islands)
Melanopula Roewer, 1929 (5 species; South and Southeast Asia)
Metadentobunus Roewer, 1915 (3 species; Taiwan)^[4]
Metahehoa Suzuki, 1985 (1 species)
Metasyleus Roewer, 1955 (3 species)
Metaverpulus Roewer, 1912 (7 species; South Asia)
Metazaleptus Roewer, 1912 (8 species; South and Southeast Asia)
Microzaleptus Roewer, 1955 (1 species)
Munequita Mello-Leitão, 1941 (1 species; Brazil)
Neogagrella Roewer, 1913 (3 species; South and Southeast Asia)
Nepalgrella Martens, 1987 (2 species; Nepal)
Nepalkanchia Martens, 1990 (2 species; Nepal)
Obigrella Roewer, 1955 (1 species)
Octozaleptus Suzuki, 1966 (1 species)
Onostemma Mello-Leitão, 1938 (2 species; Brazil)
Oobunus Kishida, 1930 (1 species)
Orissula Roewer, 1955 (1 species)
Padangrella Roewer, 1954 (1 species)
Palniella Roewer, 1929 (1 species; India)
Paradentobunus Roewer, 1915 (1 species; India)
Paragagrella Roewer, 1912 (5 species; South and Southeast Asia)
Paragagrellina Schenkel, 1963 (1 species)
Parageaya Mello-Leitão, 1933 (6 species; Latin America)
Paratamboicus Mello-Leitão, 1940 (30 species; South America)
Paraumbogrella Suzuki, 1963 (1 species)
Paruleptes Soares, 1970 (1 species)
Pectenobunus Roewer, 1910 (4 species; South America)
Pergagrella Roewer, 1954 (1 species)
Pokhara Suzuki, 1970 (7 species; Nepal)
Prionostemma Pocock, 1903 (114 species; Mexico, Central America, and South America)
Prodentobunus Roewer, 1923 (4 species; Asia)
Psammogeaya Mello-Leitão, 1946 (1 species; Uruguay)
Psathyropus L. Koch, 1878 (40 species; Asia)
Pseudarthromerus Karsch, 1892 (1 species)
Pseudogagrella Redikortsev, 1936 (13 species; East Asia)
Pseudomelanopa Suzuki, 1974 (2 species; East Asia)
Pseudosystenocentrus Suzuki, 1985 (1 species)
Romerella Goodnight & Goodnight, 1943 (5 species; Mexico and South America)
Sarasinia Roewer, 1913 (1 species; Celebes)
Sataria Roewer, 1915 (3 species; India)
Scotomenia Thorell, 1889 (1 species; Burma)
Sericicorpus Martens, 1987 (1 species; Nepal)
Sinadroma Roewer, 1955 (1 species)
Syleus Thorell, 1876 (2 species; India)
Syngagrella Roewer, 1913 (1 species; Celebes)
Systenocentrus Simon, 1886 (6 species; Southeast and East Asia)
Tamboicus Roewer, 1912 (3 species; South America)
Taperina Roewer, 1953 (2 species)
Tetraceratobunus Roewer, 1915 (3 species; South Asia)
Thunbergia Martens, 2020 (4 species; South America)
Toragrella Roewer, 1955 (2 species)
Trachyrhinus Weed, 1892 (7 species; North America: Mexico and United States)
Umbogrella Roewer, 1955 (1 species)
Umbopilio Roewer, 1956 (2 species)
Vaho González-Sponga, 2003 (1 species)
Valle González-Sponga, 2003 (3 species)
Varinodulia Canals, 1935 (1 species)
Verpulus Simon, 1901 (13 species; South and Southeast Asia)
Verrucobunus Roewer, 1931 (3 species; East and Southeast Asia)
Xerogrella Martens, 1987 (1 species; Nepal)
Zaleptiolus Roewer, 1955 (4 species; Asia)
Zaleptulus Roewer, 1955 (3 species)
Zaleptus Thorell, 1876 (72 species; Asia and Australia)

Gyantinae Silhavý, 1946

Gyas Simon, 1879 (1 species; Alps)
Gyoides Martens, 1982 (6 species; Nepal)
Rongsharia Roewer, 1957 (3 species; Nepal)

Leiobuninae Banks, 1893

†Amauropilio Mello-Leitão, 1937 (fossil) (2 species; fossils found in Colorado)
Cosmobunus Simon, 1879 (5 species; Spain and Mexico)
Dilophiocara Redikorzev, 1931 (2 species)
Eumesosoma Cokendolpher, 1980 (6 species; United States)
Eusclera Roewer, 1910 (2 species; China and India)
Hadrobunus Banks, 1900 (2 species; United States)
Leiobunum C.L.Koch, 1839 (126 species - 2 extinct fossils; worldwide)
Leuronychus Banks, 1900 (2 species; North America)
Microliobunum Roewer, 1912 (2 species; Middle East)
Micronelima Schenkel, 1938 (1 species; Spain)
Nelima Roewer, 1910 (44 species; worldwide)
Paranelima Caporiacco, 1938 (6 species; Mexico and Central America)
Schenkeliobunum Starega, 1964 (1 species)
Togwoteeus Roewer, 1952 (1 species; United States)

Sclerosomatinae Simon, 1879

Astrobunus Thorell, 1876 (12 species; Europe)
Granulosoma Martens, 1973 (1 species)
Homalenotus C.L.Koch, 1839 (13 species; Southern Europe and North Africa)
Mastobunus Simon, 1879 (2 species; Southern Europe and North Africa)
Metasclerosoma Roewer, 1912 (5 species; Italy)
Pseudastrobunus Martens, 1973 (1 species)
Pseudohomalenotus Caporiacco, 1935 (1 species; the Karakoram)
Pygobunus Roewer, 1957 (2 species; Japan)
Umbopilio Roewer, 1956 (1 species)

Removed

Caiza Roewer, 1925. Subjective synonym of Pectenobunus Roewer, 1910) in Tourinho, 2004a

Pseudoarthromerus Karsch, 1891 (1 species; Japan, nomen nudum, therefore non-valid)

References

^ Sclerosomatidae Species List at Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog. Texas A&M University, archived from the original on 13 October 2014, retrieved 30 August 2015
^ Kury, A.B. & J.C. Cokendolpher (2020) Chapter 9. A new family from the New World (Eupnoi: Phalangioidea). In: WCO-Lite: online world catalogue of harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones). Version 1.0 — Checklist of all valid nomina in Opiliones with authors and dates of publication up to 2018 (Kury et al., ed.): 52-54.
^ Tourinho, Ana Lúcia (2007): Sclerosomatidae. Simon, 1879. In: Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2007: 127ff
^ Chen, S. L.; Shih, H. T. (2018). "A review of the harvestman genus Metadentobunus (Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae: Gagrellinae) with a description of a new species from Taiwan". Zoological Studies. 57.

External links

Media related to Sclerosomatidae at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Sclerosomatidae at Wikispecies

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[1] Sclerosomatidae Species List at Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog. Texas A&M University, archived from the original on 13 October 2014, retrieved 30 August 2015

[2] Kury, A.B. & J.C. Cokendolpher (2020) Chapter 9. A new family from the New World (Eupnoi: Phalangioidea). In: WCO-Lite: online world catalogue of harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones). Version 1.0 — Checklist of all valid nomina in Opiliones with authors and dates of publication up to 2018 (Kury et al., ed.): 52-54.

[pinto-127ff-3] Tourinho, Ana Lúcia (2007): Sclerosomatidae. Simon, 1879. In: Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2007: 127ff

[Chen-4] Chen, S. L.; Shih, H. T. (2018). "A review of the harvestman genus Metadentobunus (Opiliones: Sclerosomatidae: Gagrellinae) with a description of a new species from Taiwan". Zoological Studies. 57.

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Sclerosomatidae Temporal range: Jurassic–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Hadrobunus grandis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Opiliones
Suborder:	Eupnoi
Superfamily:	Phalangioidea
Family:	Sclerosomatidae Simon, 1879
Subfamilies
Gagrellinae (117 genera) Gyantinae (3 genera) Leiobuninae (13 genera) Sclerosomatinae (10 genera)
Diversity
4 subfamilies, c. 150 genera