List of rulers of Brandenburg

This article lists the Margraves and Electors of Brandenburg during the period of time that Brandenburg was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire.

The Mark, or March, of Brandenburg was one of the primary constituent states of the Holy Roman Empire. It was created in 1157 as the Margraviate of Brandenburg by Albert the Bear, Margrave of the Northern March. In 1356, by the terms of the Golden Bull of Charles IV, the Margrave of Brandenburg was given the permanent right to participate in the election of the Holy Roman Emperor with the title of Elector (German: Kurfürst).

The early rulers came from several different dynasties, but from 1415 Brandenburg and its successor states were ruled by the House of Hohenzollern for over 500 years. From 1618 onward, Brandenburg was ruled in personal union with the Duchy of Prussia. The Hohenzollerns raised Prussia to a kingdom as the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701, and from then on Brandenburg was de facto treated as part of the kingdom even though it was legally still part of the Holy Roman Empire. The titles of Margrave of Brandenburg and Elector of Brandenburg were abolished along with the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, and Brandenburg was formally integrated into Prussia. Despite this, the Prussian kings still included the title "Margrave of Brandenburg" in their royal style. From 1871 to 1918 the Hohenzollerns were also German Emperors.

Margraves and Electors of Brandenburg

House of Ascania

Partitions of Brandenburg under Ascanian rule


Margraviate of Brandenburg (1157-1266/67)
Krossen (1266–1308)	Stendal (1266–1318)	Neumark (1266–1318)	Salzwedel (1267–1317)	Stargard (1267–1316)

Margraviate of Brandenburg (Neumark then Stendal lines) (1318–1320)				Annexed to the Duchy of Mecklenburg

Table of rulers

Ruler	Born	Reign	Death	Ruling part	Consort	Notes
Albert I the Bear	c.1100	1157–1170	18 November 1170	Margraviate of Brandenburg	Sophie of Winzenburg 1124 thirteen children	First Margrave who founded a dynasty in Brandenburg. Ruler of the Northern March from 1134.
Otto I	1128	1170–1184	8 July 1184	Margraviate of Brandenburg	Judith of Poland 1148 two children Ada of Holland 1175 one child	Ruled together with his father since 1144.
Otto II the Generous	c.1150	1184–1205	4 July 1205	Margraviate of Brandenburg	Unmarried	Left no descendants, and the Margraviate went to his brother.
Albert II	1177	1205–1220	25 February 1220	Margraviate of Brandenburg	Matilda of Lusatia (1185–1225) 1205 four children	Brother of the previous.
Regencies of Henry I, Count of Anhalt (1220–25), Albert I, Archbishop of Magdeburg (1220–21), Matilda of Lusatia (1221–25)						Children of Albert II, ruled jointly, but their children divided the margraviate.
John I	1213	1220–1266	4 April 1266	Margraviate of Brandenburg	Sophie of Denmark (1217–1247) 1230 six children Brigitte Jutta of Saxony (d. 4 April 1266) 1230 six children
Otto III the Pious	1215	1220–1267	9 October 1267	Margraviate of Brandenburg	Beatrice of Bohemia 1243 six children
John II	1237	1267–1281	10 September 1281	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Krossen)	Hedwig of Werle (1243–1287) c.1260 two children	Children of John I. Despite co-rulership between them, they received different parts in the Margraviate to rule (alone or in co-rulership): John II received seat at Krossen; Otto IV received seat at Stendal; Conrad received seat at Neumark, and associated his eldest son in 1286 (who predeceased him).
Otto IV of the Arrow	1238	1267–1308	27 November 1308	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Stendal)	Heilwig of Holstein-Kiel (d.1305) 1279 no children Judith of Henneberg (d.1315) 1308 no children
Conrad I	1240	1267–1304	1304	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Neumark)	Constance of Greater Poland 1260 Santok three children
Otto VII	c.1260	1286–1297	1297	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Neumark)	Unmarried
John III of Prague	1213	1267–1268	4 April 1266	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Salzwedel)	Unmarried	Children of Otto III. Despite co-rulership between them, they received different parts in the Margraviate to rule (alone or in co-rulership): John III (and then Otto V with Otto VI) received the seat at Salzwedel, from which Otto VI abdicated in 1286; Albert III received a seat in Stargard (which he ruled alone at least from 1284.
Otto V the Tall	1246	1267–1298	1298	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Salzwedel)	Judith of Henneberg-Coburg (1252–1327) 22 October 1268 four children
Otto VI the Short	3/17 November 1264	1267–1286	6 July 1303	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Salzwedel)	Hedwig of Habsburg February 1279 Vienna no children
Albert III	c.1250	1267–1300	Between 19 Sept. and 4 Dec. 1300	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Stargard)	Matilda of Denmark(d.1300) 1268 four children
Conrad II	1261	1281–1308	1308	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Krossen)	Unmarried	With his childless death his land reverted to Stendal.
Herman the Tall	1275	1298–1308	1 February 1308	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Salzwedel)	Anne of Austria 1295 Graz four children	Children of Otto V, divided the land. Beatrice's part was then annexed to the Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor.
Beatrice (I)	1270	1298–1316	1316	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Upper Lusatia)	Bolko I, Duke of Świdnica 4 October 1284 Berlin ten children Władysław, Duke of Bytom 21 September 1308 two children
Beatrice (II)	c.1270	1300–1314	22 September 1314	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Stargard)	Henry II, Lord of Mecklenburg 1292 Stargard Castle four children	Daughter and heiress of Albert III. Her marriage transferred the Stargard region into the Duchy of Mecklenburg.
John IV	1261	1304–1305	1305	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Neumark)	Unmarried	Co-ruler of his father since 1291. His childless death reverted his lands to Stendal.
Henry I Lackland	21 March 1256	1308–1318	14 February 1318	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Delitzsch since 1297; at Stendal since 1308)	Agnes of Bavaria 1303 three children	Younger brother of John II, Otto IV and Conrad I. Started his co-rulership in 1297, receiving seat at Delitzsch; he ended up as successor of his childless elder brother Otto IV.
Regency of Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal (1308–1316)						Children of Herman, divided the land: John V received the core of Salzwedel; Matilda received a seat at Lower Lusatia; Agnes received a seat at Altmark; Jutta received a seat at Coburg. John's childless death left the main core of Salzwedel to be reunited by his regent Valdemar. The remaining possessions were annexed by the respective marriages.
John V the Illustrious	1302	1308–1317	26 March 1317	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Salzwedel)	Unmarried
Matilda	1296	1308–1329	31 March 1329	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Lower Lusatia)	Henry IV, Duke of Żagań 5 January 1310 four children
Agnes	1297	1308–1334	27 November 1334	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Altmark)	Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal 1309 no children Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1319 no children
Judith	1301	1308–1353	1353	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Coburg)	Henry IX, Count of Henneberg-Schleusingen 1 January 1317 or 1 February 1319 five children
Waldemar the Great	1280	1305–1318	14 August 1319	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Neumark)	Agnes of Brandenburg-Salzwedel (1297-27 November 1334) 1309 no children	Son of Conrad, co-ruled with his uncles since 1308. Left no descendants, and the margraviate went to his underage cousin.
Waldemar the Great	1280	1318–1319	14 August 1319	Margraviate of Brandenburg
Regency of Wartislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania (1319–1320)						Son of Henry I. Died as a minor. After the extinction of the Ascanian dynasty in 1320, Brandenburg came under the control of the Emperor Louis IV of the House of Wittelsbach, who granted Brandenburg to his eldest son, Louis V of Bavaria.
Henry II the Child	1302	1319–1320	26 March 1317	Margraviate of Brandenburg	Unmarried
Sophia	1300	1320–1356	1356	Margraviate of Brandenburg (at Landsberg)	Magnus I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1327 eight children	After her death, the Margraviate of Landsberg was annexed to the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

House of Wittelsbach

Ruler	Born	Reign	Death	Ruling part	Consort	Notes
Louis I the Brandenburger	May 1315	1323–1351	18 September 1361	Margraviate of Brandenburg	Margaret of Denmark 1324 no children Margaret, Countess of Tyrol 10 February 1342 Meran four children	In 1351 his brothers Louis and Otto gave up their inheritance in Bavaria, in exchange for the Electoral dignity in Brandenburg.
Louis II the Roman	7 May 1328	1351–1365	17 May 1365	Margraviate of Brandenburg	Cunigunde of Poland before 1349 no children Ingeborg of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1360 no children	Elevated in 1356 by the Holy Roman Emperor as First Elector of Brandenburg.
Otto the Lazy	1340/42	1365–1373	15 November 1379	Electorate of Brandenburg	Catherine of Bohemia 19 March 1366 no children	Co-ruler of Brandenburg with his brother from 1351, but as a minor (b. 1346) took no part in administration until his brother's death. Abdicated 1373 but retained Electoral title. Died 1379.

Luxemburg Dynasty

Name	Began	Ended	Comments
Wenceslaus Wenzel	2 October 1373	29 November 1378	Emperor Charles IV forced the last Wittelsbach Elector to abdicate, and then installed his own son, Wenceslaus. As Wenceslaus was still a minor (b. 1361), the Emperor administered the margraviate for him.
Sigismund	29 November 1378	1388	Younger brother of Wenceslaus; took control of Brandenburg on his brother's ascension as King of Germany and Bohemia. Gave up Brandenburg to his cousin Jobst as security for a substantial loan.
Jobst	1388	16 January 1411	Sigismund's first cousin, nephew of Charles IV. Elected as German King in 1410 in opposition to Sigismund, but died very shortly afterwards.
Sigismund	16 January 1411	30 April 1415	Following Jobst's death, Sigismund regained control of Brandenburg and was elected undisputed King of Germany.

House of Hohenzollern

Partitions of Brandenburg under Hohenzollern rule


Electorate of Brandenburg (1415–1440)	Margraviate of Brandenburg (under Luxemburg rule)

	Margraviate of Brandenburg (1417–1440)
Electorate of Brandenburg and Margraviate of Brandenburg-Brandenburg (1440–1618)		Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1440–1791)	Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1st creation) (1440–1457)

			Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (2nd creation) (1486–1495)

			Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (3rd creation) (1515–1557)
	Margraviate of Brandenburg-Küstrin (1535–1571)


			Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (changed seat from Kulmbach to Bayreuth) (1603–1769)
Electorate of Brandenburg, Duchy of Prussia and Margraviate of Brandenburg-Brandenburg (1618–1701)
	Margraviate of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1692–1788)
Electorate of Brandenburg and Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1806)



Kingdom of Prussia (1806–1918)

Table of rulers

(Note: here, the numbering of the princes is the same for all principalities, as all were titled Margraves of Brandenburg, despite the different parts of land and its particular numbering of the rulers. The princes are numbered by the year of their succession.)

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=List_of_rulers_of_Brandenburg
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Ruler	Born	Reign	Death	Ruling part	Consort	Notes
Frederick I Friedrich I	21 September 1371	30 April 1415 – 20 September 1440	20 September 1440	Electorate of Brandenburg	Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut 18 September 1401 ten children	Originally Burgrave of Nuremberg as Frederick VI. Appointed by King Sigismund in 1415 and enfeoffed in 1417.
Frederick I Friedrich I	21 September 1371	1417–1426	20 September 1440	Margraviate of Brandenburg		In spite of being granted with the Electorate in 1415, the Margraviate was only given to him in 1417, which he abdicated to his son in 1426. In 1420 joined all his ancestors' Nurembergian lands with Brandenburg.
John the Alchemist	1406	1426–1440	16 November 1464	Margraviate of Brandenburg	Barbara of Saxe-Wittenberg 1416 four children	Received the Margraviate of Brandenburg from his father. However, after the latter's death, Brandenburg was redivided, and from then on retained Kulmbach. Abdicated 1457.
John the Alchemist	1406	1440–1457	16 November 1464	Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach	Barbara of Saxe-Wittenberg 1416 four children
Frederick II Irontooth Friedrich II Eisenzahn	19 November 1413	20 September 1440 – 10 February 1471	10 February 1471	Margraviate and Electorate of Brandenburg	Catherine of Saxony 11 June 1441 Wittenberg three children	Reunited definitely the Margraviate and the Electorate of Brandenburg; however, his father gave to his brothers the lands of Ansbach and Kulmbach.
Albert I Achilles Albrecht Achilles	9 November 1414	1440–1486	11 March 1486	Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach	Margaret of Baden 1446 four children Anna of Saxony 12 November 1458 Ansbach thirteen children	Received Ansbach after his father's death. In 1457 inherited Kulmbach from his brother John. On the death of his brother in 1471, became Elector.
		1457–1486		Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
		10 February 1471 – 11 March 1486		Electorate of Brandenburg
John Cicero Johann Cicero	2 August 1455	11 March 1486 – 9 January 1499	9 January 1499	Electorate of Brandenburg	Margaret of Thuringia 15 August 1476 Berlin six children	Eldest son of Albert Achilles.
Sigismund	27 September 1468	1486–1495	26 February 1495	Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach	Unmarried	Received Kulmbach after his father's death. Left no descendants, and Kulmbach returned to Ansbach.
Frederick I the Elder	8 May 1460	1486–1536	4 April 1536	Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach	Sophia of Poland 14 February 1479 Frankfurt (Oder) seventeen children	Received Ansbach after his father's death. In 1495 inherited the land of his brother. In 1515 the lands were separated again.
Frederick I the Elder	8 May 1460	1495–1515	4 April 1536	Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
Joachim I Nestor	21 February 1484	9 January 1499 – 11 July 1535	11 July 1535	Electorate of Brandenburg	Elizabeth of Denmark 10 April 1502 Berlin five children
Casimir	27 December 1481	1515–1527	21 September 1527	Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach	Susanna of Bavaria 25 August 1518 Augsburg five children	Eldest son of Frederick III, received Kulmbach in his father's lifetime.
Regency of George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1527–1541)						Left no descendants, and Kulmbach returned to Ansbach.
Albert II Alcibiades the Warlike	28 March 1522	1527–1557	8 January 1557	Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach	Unmarried	Left no descendants, and Kulmbach returned to Ansbach.
Joachim II Hector	13 January 1505	11 July 1535 – 3 January 1571	3 January 1571	Electorate of Brandenburg	Magdalena of Saxony 6 November 1524 Dresden six children Hedwig of Poland 29 August/1 September 1535 Kraków six children	First Protestant Elector of Brandenburg.
John	3 August 1513	1535–1571	13 January 1571	Margraviate of Brandenburg-Küstrin	Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 11 November 1537 Wolfenbüttel two children	Son of Elector Joachim I. The Margraviate of Küstrin was created for him. After his death without male descendants, Küstrin was annexed again to the Electorate.
George I the Pious	4 March 1484	1536–1543	27 December 1543	Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach	Beatrice de Frangepan 21 January 1509 Gyula no children Hedwig of Münsterberg-Oels 9 January 1525 Oleśnica two children Emilie of Saxony 25 August 1533 four children
Regencies of Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg and Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (1543–1548), John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (1543–1547) and Maurice, Elector of Saxony (1547–1548)						In 1557, reunited Kulmbach to Ansbach once more. Left no descendants, and the Margraviates passed to sons of the Elector John George.
George Frederick I the Elder	5 April 1539	1543–1603	25 April 1603	Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach	Elisabeth of Brandenburg-Küstrin 26 December 1558 Küstrin no children Sophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg 3 May 1579 Dresden no children
George Frederick I the Elder	5 April 1539	1557–1603	25 April 1603	Margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
John George Johann Georg	11 September 1525