Emperor of the Romans
Imperial
Last to reign Constantine XI 6 January 1449 – 29 May 1453
Details
First monarch	Constantine I
Last monarch	Constantine XI
Formation	11 May 330
Abolition	29 May 1453
Residence	Great Palace, Blachernae Palace
Appointer	Unspecified, de facto hereditary[1]
Pretender(s)	None

The foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD marks the conventional start of the Eastern Roman Empire, which fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD. Only the emperors who were recognized as legitimate rulers and exercised sovereign authority are included, to the exclusion of junior co-emperors (symbasileis) who never attained the status of sole or senior ruler, as well as of the various usurpers or rebels who claimed the imperial title.

The following list starts with Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor, who rebuilt the city of Byzantium as an imperial capital, Constantinople, and who was regarded by the later emperors as the model ruler. Modern historians distinguish this later phase of the Roman Empire as Byzantine due to the imperial seat moving from Rome to Byzantium, the Empire's integration of Christianity, and the predominance of Greek instead of Latin.

The Byzantine Empire was the direct legal continuation of the eastern half of the Roman Empire following the division of the Roman Empire in 395. Emperors listed below up to Theodosius I in 395 were sole or joint rulers of the entire Roman Empire. The Western Roman Empire continued until 476. Byzantine emperors considered themselves to be Roman emperors in direct succession from Augustus;^[2] the term "Byzantine" became convention in Western historiography in the 19th century. The use of the title "Roman Emperor" by those ruling from Constantinople was not contested until after the papal coronation of the Frankish Charlemagne as Holy Roman emperor (25 December 800).

In practice, according to the Hellenistic political system, the Byzantine emperor had been given total power through God to shape the state and its subjects, he was the last authority and legislator of the empire and all his work was in imitation of the sacred kingdom of God, also according to the Christian principles, he was the ultimate benefactor and protector of his people.^[3]

The title of all Emperors preceding Heraclius was officially "Augustus", although other titles such as Dominus were also used. Their names were preceded by Imperator Caesar and followed by Augustus. Following Heraclius, the title commonly became the Greek Basileus (Gr. Βασιλεύς), which had formerly meant sovereign, though Augustus continued to be used in a reduced capacity. Following the establishment of the rival Holy Roman Empire in Western Europe, the title "Autokrator" (Gr. Αὐτοκράτωρ) was increasingly used. In later centuries, the Emperor could be referred to by Western Christians as the "Emperor of the Greeks". Towards the end of the Empire, the standard imperial formula of the Byzantine ruler was " in Christ, Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans" (cf. Ῥωμαῖοι and Rûm).^[4]

Dynasties were a common tradition and structure for rulers and government systems in the medieval period. The principle or formal requirements for hereditary succession, however, was not a formal part of the Empire's governance,^[5] hereditary succession was a custom and tradition, carried on as habit and benefitted from some sense of legitimacy, but not as a "rule" or inviolable or unchallengeable requirement of for office at the time.^[1]

Portrait	Name[a]	Reign	Notes
Constantinian dynasty (306–363) See also: Constantinian dynasty
	Constantine I "the Great" Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Μέγας Fl. Valerius Constantinus	25 July 306 – 22 May 337 (30 years, 9 months and 27 days)	Born at Naissus c. 272 as the son of the Augustus Constantius and Helena. Proclaimed Augustus of the western empire upon the death of his father on 25 July 306, he became sole ruler of the western empire after the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in 312. In 324, he defeated the eastern Augustus Licinius and re-united the empire under his rule, reigning as sole emperor until his death. Constantine completed the administrative and military reforms begun under Diocletian, who had begun ushering in the Dominate period. Actively interested in Christianity, he played a crucial role in its development and the Christianization of the Roman world, through his convocation of the First Ecumenical Council at Nicaea. He is said to have received baptism on his deathbed. He also reformed coinage through the introduction of the gold solidus, and initiated a large-scale building program, crowned by the re-foundation the city of Byzantium as "New Rome", popularly known as Constantinople. He was regarded as the model of all subsequent Byzantine emperors.[6]
	Constantius II Κωνστάντιος Fl. Iulius Constantius	22 May 337 – 3 November 361 (24 years, 1 month and 25 days)	Born on 7 August 317, as the second surviving son of Constantine I, he inherited the eastern third of Roman Empire upon his father's death, sole Roman Emperor from 353, after the overthrow of the western usurper Magnentius. Constantius' reign saw military activity on all frontiers, and dissension between Arianism, favoured by the emperor, and the "Orthodox" supporters of the Nicene Creed. In his reign, Constantinople was accorded equal status to Rome, and the original Hagia Sophia was built. Constantius appointed Constantius Gallus and Julian as Caesares, and died on his way to confront Julian, who had risen up against him.[7]
	Julian "the Apostate" Ἰουλιανὸς ὁ Ἀποστάτης Fl. Claudius Iulianus	3 November 361 – 26 June 363 (1 year, 7 months and 23 days)	Born in May 332, grandson of Constantius Chlorus and cousin of Constantius II. Proclaimed by his army in Gaul, became legitimate Emperor upon the death of Constantius. Killed on campaign against Sassanid Persia.
Non-dynastic (363–364)
	Jovian Ἰοβιανός Claudius Iovianus[b]	27 June 363 – 17 February 364 (7 months and 21 days)	Born c. 332. Captain of the guards under Julian, elected by the army upon Julian's death. Died on journey back to Constantinople.
Valentinianic dynasty (364–379) See also: Valentinianic dynasty
	Valentinian I Οὐαλεντινιανός Valentinianus	26 February – 28 March 364 (1 month and 2 days)	Born in 321. An officer under Julian and Jovian, he was elected by the army upon Jovian's death. He soon appointed his younger brother Valens as Emperor of the East, while he himself ruled in the West. Died of cerebral haemorrhage in 375.
	Valens Οὐάλης	28 March 364 – 9 August 378 (14 years, 4 months and 12 days)	Born in 328. A soldier of the Roman army, he was appointed Emperor of the East by his elder brother Valentinian I. Killed at the Battle of Adrianople.
	Gratian Γρατιανός, Gratianus	9 August 378 – 19 January 379 (5 months and 10 days)	Born on 18 April/23 May 359, the son of Valentinian I. Emperor of the West, he inherited rule of the East upon the death of Valens and appointed Theodosius I as Emperor of the East. Assassinated on 25 August 383 during the rebellion of Magnus Maximus.
Theodosian dynasty (379–457) See also: Theodosian dynasty
	Theodosius I "the Great" Θεοδόσιος ὁ Μέγας	19 January 379 – 17 January 395 (15 years, 11 months and 29 days)	Born on 11 January 347, in Spain. Aristocrat and military leader, brother-in-law of Gratian, who appointed him as emperor of the East. He reunited the whole Empire after defeating Eugenius at the Battle of the Frigidus, on 6 September 394. The last emperor to rule both halves of the Empire.
	Arcadius Ἀρκάδιος	17 January 395 – 1 May 408 (13 years, 3 months and 14 days)	Born in 377/378, the eldest son of Theodosius I; proclaimed Augustus on 16 January 383. On the death of Theodosius I in 395, the Roman Empire was permanently divided between the Eastern Roman Empire, later referred to as the Byzantine Empire, and the Western Roman Empire. Theodosius' eldest son Arcadius became emperor in the East while his younger son Honorius became emperor in the West.
	Theodosius II Θεοδόσιος	1 May 408 – 28 July 450 (42 years, 2 months and 27 days)	Born on 10 April 401, the only son of Arcadius; proclaimed Augustus on 10 January 402. Succeeded upon the death of his father. As a minor, the praetorian prefect Anthemius was regent in 408–414. He died in a riding accident.
	Marcian Μαρκιανός, Marcianus	25 August 450 – 27 January 457 (6 years, 5 months and 2 days)	Born in 396. A soldier and politician, he became emperor after being wed by the Augusta Pulcheria, sister of Theodosius II, following the latter's death. Died of gangrene.
Leonid dynasty (457–518) See also: Leonid dynasty
	Leo I "the Great" and "the Butcher" Λέων ὁ Μέγας / Μακέλλης	7 February 457 – 18 January 474 (16 years, 11 months and 11 days)	Born in Dacia c. 400, and of Bessian origin, Leo became a low-ranking officer and served as an attendant of the Gothic magister militum, Aspar, who chose him as emperor on Marcian's death. He was the first emperor to be crowned by the Patriarch of Constantinople, and the first one to legislate in Greek.[8] His reign was marked by the pacification of the Danube and peace with Persia, which allowed him to intervene in the affairs of the West, supporting candidates for the throne and dispatching an expedition to recover Carthage from the Vandals in 468. Initially a puppet of Aspar, Leo began promoting the Isaurians as a counterweight to Aspar's Goths, marrying his daughter Ariadne to the Isaurian leader Tarasicodissa (Zeno). With their support, in 471 Aspar was murdered and Gothic power over the army was broken.[9]
	Leo II "the Little" Λέων ὁ μικρός	18 January – November 474 (10 months)	Born 468, he was the grandson of Leo I by Leo's daughter Ariadne and her Isaurian husband, Zeno. He was raised to Augustus on 17 November 473. Leo ascended the throne after the death of his grandfather on 18 January 474. He crowned his father as co-emperor and effective regent on 29 January, dying shortly after.
	Zeno Ζήνων (Ταρασικοδίσσας)	29 January 474 – 9 January 475 (11 months and 11 days) August 476 – 9 April 491 (14 years and 8 months)	Born c. 425 in Isauria, originally named Tarasicodissa. As the leader of Leo I's Isaurian soldiers, he rose to comes domesticorum, married the emperor's daughter Ariadne and took the name Zeno, and played a crucial role in the elimination of Aspar and his Goths. He was named co-emperor by his son on 29 January 474 and became sole ruler upon the latter's death, but had to flee to his native country before Basiliscus in 475, regaining control of the capital in 476. Zeno concluded peace with the Vandals, saw off challenges against him by Illus and Verina, and secured peace in the Balkans by enticing the Ostrogoths under Theodoric the Great to migrate to Italy. Zeno's reign also saw the end of the western line of emperors. His pro-Monophysite stance made him unpopular and his promulgation of the Henotikon resulted in the Acacian Schism with the papacy.[10]
	Basiliscus Βασιλίσκος	9 January 475 – August 476 (1 year and 7 months)	General and brother-in-law of Leo I, seized power from Zeno and crowned himself emperor on 12 January. Zeno was restored soon after. Died in 476/477
	Anastasius I "Dicorus" Ἀναστάσιος ὁ Δίκορος	11 April 491 – 9 July 518 (27 years, 2 months and 28 days)	Born c. 430 at Dyrrhachium, he was a palace official (silentiarius) when he was chosen as her husband and Emperor by Empress-dowager Ariadne. He was nicknamed "Dikoros" (Latin: Dicorus), because of his heterochromia. Anastasius reformed the tax system and the Byzantine coinage and proved a frugal ruler, so that by the end of his reign he left a substantial surplus. His Monophysite sympathies led to widespread opposition, most notably the Revolt of Vitalian and the Acacian Schism. His reign was also marked by the first Bulgar raids into the Balkans and by a war with Persia over the foundation of Dara. He died childless.[11]
Justinian dynasty (518–602) See also: Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty
	Justin I Ἰουστῖνος, Iustinus	9 July 518 – 1 August 527 (9 years and 23 days)	Born c. 450 at Bederiana (Justiniana Prima), Dardania. Officer and commander of the Excubitors bodyguard under Anastasius I, he was elected by army and people upon the death of Anastasius I.
	Justinian I "the Great" Ἰουστινιανὸς ὁ Μέγας Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus	1 August 527 – 14 November 565 (38 years, 7 months and 13 days)	Born in 482/483 at Tauresium (Taor), Macedonia. Nephew of Justin I, raised to co-emperor on 1 April 527. Succeeded on Justin I's death. Attempted to restore the western territories of the Empire, reconquering Italy, North Africa and parts of Spain. Also responsible for the corpus juris civilis, or the "body of civil law," which is the foundation of law for many modern European nations.[12]
	Justin II Ἰουστῖνος, Iustinus	14 November 565 – 5 October 578 (12 years, 10 months and 21 days)	Born c. 520. Nephew of Justinian I, he seized the throne on the death of Justinian I with support of army and Senate. Became insane, hence in 573–574 under the regency of his wife Sophia, and in 574–578 under the regency of Tiberius Constantine.
	Tiberius II Constantine Τιβέριος Κωνσταντῖνος Tiberius Constantinus	5 October 578 – 14 August 582 (3 years, 10 months and 19 days)	Born c. 535, commander of the Excubitors, friend and adoptive son of Justin. Was named Caesar and regent in 574. Succeeded on Justin II's death.
	Maurice Μαυρίκιος Τιβέριος Mauricius Tiberius	14 August 582 – 27 November 602 (20 years, 3 months and 14 days)	Born in 539 at Arabissus, Cappadocia. Became an official and later a general. Married the daughter of Tiberius II and was proclaimed emperor on 13 August 582. Named his son Theodosius as co-emperor in 590. Deposed by Phocas and executed on 27 November 602 at Chalcedon.
Non-dynastic (602–610)
	Phocas Φωκᾶς, Focas	23 November 602 – 5 October 610 (7 years, 10 months and 12 days)	Subaltern in the Balkan army, he led a rebellion that deposed Maurice. Increasingly unpopular and tyrannical, he was deposed and executed by Heraclius.
Heraclian dynasty (610–695) See also: Byzantine Empire under the Heraclian dynasty
	Heraclius Ἡράκλειος	5 October 610 – 11 February 641 (30 years, 4 months and 6 days)	Born c. 575 as the eldest son of the Exarch of Africa, Heraclius the Elder. Began a revolt against Phocas in 609 and deposed him in October 610. Brought the Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602–628 to successful conclusion but was unable to stop the Muslim conquest of Syria. Replaced Latin with Greek as the official language of administration in the East.[13][c]
	Heraclius Constantine[d] Ἡράκλειος νέος Κωνσταντῖνος Heraclius novus Constantinus	11 February – 25 May 641 (3 months and 14 days)	Born on 3 May 612 as the eldest son of Heraclius by his first wife Fabia Eudokia. Named co-emperor on 22 January 613, he succeeded to throne with his younger brother Heraklonas following the death of Heraclius. Died of tuberculosis, allegedly poisoned by Empress-dowager Martina.
	Heraclonas Ἡρακλεωνᾶς, Heraclius	11 February – c. 5 November 641 (8 months and 25 days)	Born in 626 to Heraclius' second wife Martina, named co-emperor on 4 July 638. Succeeded to throne with Constantine III following the death of Heraclius. Sole emperor after the death of Constantine III, under the regency of Martina, but was forced to name Constans II co-emperor by the army, and was deposed by the Senate in September 641 (or early 642).
	Constans II "the Bearded" Ἡράκλειος Κωνσταντῖνος (Κώνστας) Heraclius Constantinus (Constans)	c. 5 November 641 – 15 July 668 (26 years and 10 months)	Born on 7 November 630, the son of Constantine III. Raised to co-emperor in summer 641 after his father's death due to army pressure, he became sole emperor after the forced abdication of his uncle Heraklonas. Baptized Heraclius, he reigned as Constantine. "Constans" is his nickname. Moved his seat to Syracuse, where he was assassinated, possibly on the orders of Mizizios.
	Constantine IV "the Younger" Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ νέος Constantinus	September 668 – c. 10 July 685 (16 years and 10 months)	Born in 652, co-emperor since 13 April 654, he succeeded following the murder of his father Constans II. Erroneously called "Constantine the Bearded" by historians through confusion with his father. He called the Third Council of Constantinople which condemned the heresy of Monothelitism, repelled the First Arab Siege of Constantinople, and died of dysentery.
	Justinian II "the Slit-nosed" Ἰουστινιανὸς ὁ Ῥινότμητος Iustinianus (first reign)	c. 10 July 685 – 695 (10 years)	Born in 669, son of Constantine IV, he was named co-emperor in 681 and became sole emperor upon Constantine IV's death. Deposed by military revolt in 695, mutilated (hence his surname) and exiled to Cherson, whence he recovered his throne in 705.
Twenty Years' Anarchy (695–717) Main article: Twenty Years' Anarchy
	Leontius Λεόντιος	695 – 698 (3 years)	General from Isauria, he deposed Justinian II and was overthrown in another revolt in 698. He was executed in February 706.
	Tiberius III (Apsimarus) Τιβέριος (Ἀψίμαρος)	698 – 705 (7 years)	Admiral of Germanic origin, originally named Apsimar. He rebelled against Leontius after a failed expedition. Reigned under the name of Tiberius until deposed by Justinian II in 705. Executed in February 706.
	Justinian II "the Slit-nosed" (second reign)	c. 21 August 705 – 4 November 711 (6 years, 2 months and 14 days)	Returned on the throne with Bulgar support. Named son Tiberius as co-emperor in 706. Deposed and killed by military revolt.
	Philippicus (Bardanes) Φιλιππικός (Βαρδάνης) Filepicus	4 November 711 – 3 June 713 (1 year, 6 months and 30 days)	A general of Armenian origin, he deposed Justinian II and was in turn overthrown by a revolt of the Opsician troops.
	Anastasius II Ἀρτέμιος Ἀναστάσιος Artemius Anastasius	4 June 713 – late 715 (less than 2 years)	Originally named Artemios. A bureaucrat and secretary under Philippicus, he was raised to the purple by the soldiers who overthrew Philippicus. Deposed by another military revolt, he led an abortive attempt to regain the throne in 718 and was killed.
	Theodosius III Θεοδόσιος	late 715 – 25 March 717 (less than 2 years)	A fiscal official, he was proclaimed emperor by the rebellious Opsician troops. Entered Constantinople in November 715. Abdicated following the revolt of Leo the Isaurian and became a monk.
Isaurian dynasty (717–802) See also: Byzantine Empire under the Isaurian dynasty
	Leo III "the Isaurian" Λέων ὁ Ἴσαυρος	25 March 717 – 18 June 741 (24 years, 2 months and 24 days)	Born c. 685 in Germanikeia, Commagene, he became a general. Rose in rebellion and secured the throne in spring 717. Repelled the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople and initiated the Byzantine Iconoclasm.
	Constantine V "the Dung-named" Κωνσταντῖνος Κοπρώνυμος	18 June 741 – 14 September 775 (34 years, 2 months and 27 days)	Born in July 718, the only son of Leo III. Co-emperor since 720, he succeeded upon his father's death. After overcoming the usurpation of Artabasdos, he continued his father's iconoclastic policies and won several victories against the Arabs and the Bulgars. He is given the surname "the Dung-named" by hostile later chroniclers.
	Artabasdos Ἀρτάβασδος	June 741 – 2 November 743 (2 years and 5 months)	General and son-in-law of Leo III, Count of the Opsician Theme. Led a revolt that secured Constantinople, but was defeated and deposed by Constantine V, who blinded and tonsured him.
	Leo IV "the Khazar" Λέων ὁ Χάζαρος	14 September 775 – 8 September 780 (4 years, 11 months and 25 days)	Born on 25 January 750 as the eldest son of Constantine V. Co-emperor since 751, he succeeded upon his father's death.
	Constantine VI Κωνσταντῖνος	8 September 780 – 19 August 797 (16 years, 11 months and 11 days)	Born in 771, the only child of Leo IV. Co-emperor since 14 April 776, sole emperor upon Leo's death in 780, until 790 under the regency of his mother, Irene of Athens. He was overthrown on Irene's orders, blinded and imprisoned, probably dying of his wounds shortly after.
	Irene Εἰρήνη	19 August 797 – 31 October 802 (5 years, 2 months and 12 days)	Born c. 752 in Athens, she married Leo IV on 3 November 768 and was crowned empress on 17 December. Regent for her son Constantine VI in 780–790, she overthrew him in 797 and became empress-regnant. In 787 she called the Second Council of Nicaea which condemned the practice of iconoclasm and restored the veneration of icons to Christian practice. Deposed in a palace coup in 802, she was exiled and died on 9 August 803.
Nikephorian dynasty (802–813) Main article: Byzantine Empire under the Nikephorian dynasty
	Nikephoros I "Genikos" or "the Logothete" Νικηφόρος ὁ Γενικός/ὁ Λογοθέτης	31 October 802 – 26 July 811 (8 years, 8 months and 26 days)	Logothetes tou genikou (general finance minister) under Irene, led initially successful campaigns against the Bulgars but was killed at the Battle of Pliska.
	Staurakios Σταυράκιος	26 July 811 – 2 October 811 (2 months and 4 days)	Only son of Nikephoros I, crowned co-emperor in December 803. Succeeded on his father's death; however, he had been heavily wounded at Pliska and left paralyzed. He was forced to abdicate, and retired to a monastery where he died soon after.
	Michael I Rangabe Μιχαὴλ Ῥαγγαβέ	2 October 811 – 11 July 813 (1 year, 9 months and 9 days)	Son-in-law of Nikephoros I, he succeeded Staurakios on his abdication. Resigned after the revolt under Leo the Armenian and retired to a monastery, where he died on 11 January 844. Reigned with eldest son Theophylact as co-emperor.
Non-dynastic (813–820)
	Leo V "the Armenian" Λέων ὁ Ἀρμένιος	11 July 813 – 25 December 820 (7 years, 5 months and 14 days)	General of Armenian origin, born c. 755. He rebelled against Michael I and became emperor. Appointed his son Symbatios co-emperor under the name of Constantine in 813. Revived Byzantine Iconoclasm. Murdered by a conspiracy led by Michael the Amorian.
Amorian dynasty (820–867) See also: Byzantine Empire under the Amorian dynasty
	Michael II "the Amorian" Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἐξ Ἀμορίου	25 December 820 – 2 October 829 (8 years, 9 months and 7 days)	Born in 770 at Amorium, he became an army officer. A friend of Leo V, he was raised to high office but led the conspiracy that murdered him. Survived the rebellion of Thomas the Slav, lost Crete to the Arabs and faced the beginning of the Muslim conquest of Sicily, reinforced iconoclasm.
	Theophilos Θεόφιλος	2 October 829 – 20 January 842 (12 years, 3 months and 18 days)	Born in 813, as the only son of Michael II. Crowned co-emperor on 12 May 821, he succeeded on his father's death.
	Michael III "the Drunkard" Μιχαὴλ ὁ Μέθυσος	20 January 842 – 24 September 867 (25 years, 8 months and 4 days)	His precise date of birth is uncertain, but the balance of available evidence supports a birthdate in January 840. The son of Theophilos, he succeeded on Theophilos' death. Under the regency of his mother Theodora until 856, and under the effective control of his uncle Bardas in 862–866. Ended iconoclasm. Murdered by Basil the Macedonian. A pleasure-loving ruler, he was nicknamed "the Drunkard" by later, pro-Basil chroniclers.
Macedonian dynasty (867–1056) See also: Macedonian dynasty and Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty
	Basil I "the Macedonian" Βασίλειος ὁ Μακεδών	24 September 867 – 29 August 886 (18 years, 11 months and 5 days)	Born in the Theme of Macedonia c. 811, he rose in prominence through palace service, becoming a favourite of Michael III, who crowned him co-emperor on 26 May 866. He overthrew Michael and established the Macedonian dynasty. He led successful wars in the East against the Arabs and the Paulicians, and recovered southern Italy for the Empire.
	Leo VI "the Wise" Λέων ὁ Σοφός	29 August 886 – 11 May 912 (25 years, 8 months and 12 days)	Born on 19 September 866, either the legitimate son of Basil I or the illegitimate son of Michael III. Co-emperor since 6 January 870. Leo was known for his erudition. His reign saw a height in Saracen (Muslim) naval raids, culminating in the Sack of Thessalonica, and was marked by unsuccessful wars against the Bulgarians under Simeon I.
	Alexander Ἀλέξανδρος	11 May 912 – 6 June 913 (1 year and 26 days)	Son of Basil I, Alexander was born in 870 and raised to co-emperor in 879. Sidelined by Leo VI, Alexander dismissed his brother's principal aides on his accession. He died of exhaustion after a polo game.
	Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Πορφυρογέννητος Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Eastern_Roman_emperor Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.  Navigácia: Veda > Analytika Antropológia Aplikované vedy Bibliometria Dejiny vedy Encyklopédie Filozofia vedy Forenzné vedy Humanitné vedy Knižničná veda Kryogenika Kryptológia Kulturológia Literárna veda Medzidisciplinárne oblasti Metódy kvantitatívnej analýzy Metavedy Metodika Metodológia vedy Náboženstvo a veda Náučná literatúra Podvody vo vede Popularizácia vedy Potravinárstvo Prírodné vedy Pseudoveda Scientometria Spoločenské vedy Teórie Teatrológia Technické vedy Technika Terminológia Umenie Výskum Veda Veda a technika podľa štátu Veda a technika podľa kontinentu Veda a technika podľa roka Veda v kozme Vedci Vedecká literatúra Vedecké databázy Vedecké experimenty Vedecké konferencie Vedecké metódy Vedecké ocenenia Vedecké organizácie Vedecké parky Vedeckí spisovatelia Vzdelávanie Záhady Príbuzné výrazy: Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia. www.astronomia.sk | www.biologia.sk | www.botanika.sk | www.dejiny.sk | www.economy.sk | www.elektrotechnika.sk | www.estetika.sk | www.farmakologia.sk | www.filozofia.sk | Fyzika | www.futurologia.sk | www.genetika.sk | www.chemia.sk | www.lingvistika.sk | www.politologia.sk | www.psychologia.sk | www.sexuologia.sk | www.sociologia.sk | www.veda.sk I www.zoologia.sk