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The territory of Luxembourg has been ruled successively by counts, dukes and grand dukes. It was part of the medieval Kingdom of Germany, and later the Holy Roman Empire until it became a sovereign state in 1815.
Counts of Luxembourg
House of Ardenne–Luxembourg
Image | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Siegfried | 922 | 28 October 998 | 963 – 28 October 998 |
||
Henry I | 964 | 27 February 1026 | 28 October 998 – 27 February 1026 |
his son | |
Henry II | 1007 | 16 October 1047 | 27 February 1026 – 16 October 1047 |
his nephew | |
Giselbert | 1007 | 14 August 1059 | 16 October 1047 – 14 August 1059 |
his brother | |
Conrad I | 1040 | 8 August 1086 | 14 August 1059 – 8 August 1086 |
his son | |
Henry III | 1070 | 1096 | 8 August 1086 – 1096 | ||
William I | 1081 | 1131 | 1096 – 1131 |
his brother | |
Conrad II | 1106 | 1136 | 1131 – 1136 |
his son | |
Ermesinde I | 1080 | 1143 | 1136 – 1136 |
his aunt |
House of Luxembourg–Namur
Image | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Henry IV the Blind |
1112 | 14 August 1196 | 1136 – 14 August 1196 |
her son |
House of Hohenstaufen
Image | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Otto | June/July 1170 | 13 January 1200 | 1196 – 1197 |
his third-cousin once removed |
House of Luxembourg–Namur
Image | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ermesinde II | July 1186 | 12 February 1247 | 1197 – 12 February 1247 |
Henry IV's only daughter and Otto's fourth cousin | |
Theobald I | 1158 | 13 February 1214 | 1197 – 13 February 1214 |
her first husband and co-ruler | |
Waleran | 1180 | 2 July 1226 | May 1214 – 2 July 1226 |
her second husband and co-ruler |
House of Luxembourg–Limburg
Image | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Henry V the Blond |
1216 | 24 December 1281 | 12 February 1247 – 24 December 1281 |
their son | |
Henry VI the Condemned |
1240 | 5 June 1288 | 24 December 1281 – 5 June 1288 |
his son | |
Henry VII | 1275/1270 | 24 August 1313 | 5 June 1288 – 24 August 1313 | ||
John the Blind |
10 August 1296 | 26 August 1346 | 24 August 1313 – 26 August 1346 | ||
Charles IV | 14 May 1316 | 29 November 1378 | 26 August 1346 – 1353 | ||
Wenceslaus I | 25 February 1337 | 7 December 1383 | 1353 – 13 March 1354 |
his brother |
Dukes of Luxembourg
In 1354, the county was elevated to a duchy.
House of Luxembourg-Limburg
Image | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wenceslaus I | 25 February 1337 | 7 December 1383 | 13 March 1354 – 7 December 1383 |
himself as count | |
Wenceslas II the Lazy |
26 February 1361 | 16 August 1419 | 7 December 1383 – 1388 |
his nephew | |
Jobst | December 1351 | 18 January 1411 | 1388 – 18 January 1411 |
his cousin | |
Elisabeth I | November 1390 | 2 August 1451 | 18 January 1411 – 1443 |
his heiress & first cousin once removed | |
Anthony | August 1384 | 25 October 1415 | 18 January 1411 – 25 October 1415 |
her first husband and co-ruler | |
John II the Pitiless |
1374 | 6 January 1425 | 10 March 1418 – 6 January 1425 |
her second husband and co-ruler |
As Elisabeth had no surviving children, she sold Luxembourg to Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1441, but only to succeed upon her death. Philip captured the city of Luxembourg in 1443, but did not assume the ducal title because of conflicting claims by Anne of Austria, the closest Luxembourg relative.
Claimants
Image | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elisabeth I | November 1390 | 2 August 1451 | 1443 to 2 August 1451 |
||
Ladislaus the Posthumous |
22 February 1440 | 23 November 1457 | 2 August 1451 to 23 November 1457 |
Her first cousin once removed | |
Anne | 12 April 1432 | 13 November 1462 | 23 November 1457 to 13 November 1462 |
His sister | |
William the Brave |
30 April 1425 | 17 September 1482 | Her husband and co-pretender | ||
Elisabeth II | 1436 | 30 August 1505 | 13 November 1462 to 1467 |
Her sister | |
Casimir Jagiellon | 30 November 1427 | 7 June 1492 | Her husband and co-pretender | ||
George of Poděbrady | 23 April 1420 | 22 March 1471 | 1458 to 1471 |
Claimed title as king of Bohemia[1] |
House of Valois-Burgundy
In 1467, when Elisabeth II of Austria, last rival claimant to the title, renounced her rights, Philip III's son, Charles, Duke of Burgundy, assumed the title of duke of Luxembourg, making it a subsidiary title of the Duke of Burgundy.
Image | Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Reign | Relationship with predecessor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Philip I "the Good" |
31 July 1396 | 15 June 1467 | 1443 to 15 June 1467 |
Elisabeth I's second cousin once removed and "usurper" | |
Charles II "the Bold" |
10 November 1433 | 5 January 1477 | 15 June 1467 to 5 January 1477 |
His son | |
Mary I "the Rich" |
13 February 1457 | 27 March 1482 | 5 January 1477 to 27 March 1482 |
His daughter | |
Maximilian I "the Last Knight" |
22 March 1459 | 12 January 1519 | Her husband and co-ruler |
House of Habsburg
In 1482, Luxembourg passed to the House of Habsburg. After the abdication of Emperor Charles V, the duchy of Luxembourg fell to the Spanish line of the House of Habsburg.