Yakima, Washington
City
Yakima as viewed from Lookout Point
Seal
Nickname(s):  The Palm Springs of Washington; The Heart of Central Washington
Location of Yakima in Yakima County
Yakima, Washington Location in the United States
Coordinates: 46°36′07″N 120°30′28″W / 46.60194°N 120.50778°W / 46.60194; -120.50778
Country	United States
State	Washington
County	Yakima
Incorporated	December 10, 1883
Government
• Type	Council–manager
• Body	City council
• Mayor	Patricia Byers[1]
• City manager	Vacant[1]
Area [2]
• City	28.27 sq mi (73.21 km2)
• Land	27.81 sq mi (72.02 km2)
• Water	0.46 sq mi (1.19 km2)  1.84%
Elevation	1,066 ft (325 m)
Population  (2020)[3]
• City	96,968
• Estimate  (2022)[4]	97,012
• Rank	US: 347th WA: 11th
• Density	1,346.4/sq mi (3,487.16/km2)
• Urban	133,145 (US: 257th)
• Metro	257,001 (US: 193rd)
Demonym	Yakimanian[5]
Time zone	UTC-8 (Pacific (PST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC-7 (PDT)
ZIP codes	98901–98904, 98907–98909
Area code	509
FIPS code	53-80010
GNIS feature ID	1509643[6]
Website	yakimawa.gov

Yakima (/ˈjækɪmɑː/ or /ˈjækɪmə/) is a city in, and the county seat of, Yakima County, Washington, United States, and the state's 11th most populous city. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 96,968 and a metropolitan population of 256,728.^[3] The unincorporated suburban areas of West Valley and Terrace Heights are considered a part of greater Yakima.^[7]

Yakima is about 60 miles (100 kilometers) southeast of Mount Rainier in Washington. It is situated in the Yakima Valley, a productive agricultural region noted for apple, wine, and hop production. As of 2011, the Yakima Valley produces 77% of all hops grown in the United States.^[8] The name Yakima originates from the Yakama Nation Native American tribe, whose reservation is located south of the city.

History

The Yakama people were the first known inhabitants of the Yakima Valley. In 1805, the Lewis and Clark Expedition came to the area and encountered abundant wildlife and rich soil, prompting the settlement of homesteaders.^[9] A Catholic Mission was established in Ahtanum, southwest of present-day Yakima, in 1847.^[10] The arrival of settlers and their conflicts with the natives resulted in the Yakima War. The U.S. Army established Fort Simcoe in 1856 near present-day White Swan as a response to the uprising. The Yakamas were defeated and forced to relocate to the Yakama Indian Reservation.^[11][12]

Yakima County was created in 1865. When bypassed by the Northern Pacific Railroad in December 1884, over 100 buildings were moved with rollers and horse teams to the nearby site of the depot. The new city was dubbed North Yakima and was officially incorporated and named the county seat on January 27, 1886. The name was changed to Yakima in 1918. Union Gap was the new name given to the original site of Yakima.^[13]

On May 18, 1980, the eruption of Mount St. Helens caused a large amount of volcanic ash to fall on the Yakima area. Visibility was reduced to near-zero conditions that afternoon, and the ash overloaded the city's wastewater treatment plant.^[13][14]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 27.69 sq mi (71.72 km²), of which 27.18 sq mi (70.40 km²) is land and 0.51 sq mi (1.32 km²) is water.^[15] Yakima is 1,095 feet above mean sea level.

The city of Yakima is located in the Upper Valley of Yakima County. The county is geographically divided by Ahtanum Ridge and Rattlesnake Ridge into two regions: the Upper (northern) and Lower (southern) valleys. Yakima is located in the more urbanized Upper Valley, and is the central city of the Yakima Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The unincorporated suburban areas of West Valley and Terrace Heights are considered a part of greater Yakima. Other nearby cities include Moxee, Tieton, Cowiche, Wiley City, Tampico, Gleed, and Naches in the Upper Valley, as well as Wapato, Toppenish, Zillah, Harrah, White Swan, Parker, Buena, Outlook, Granger, Mabton, Sunnyside, and Grandview in the Lower Valley.

Bodies of water

The Yakima River runs through the city from its source at Lake Keechelus in the Cascade Range to the Columbia River at Richland. It is the primary irrigation source for the Yakima Valley and also used for both fishing and recreation. The Naches River, a tributary of the Yakima River, forms the northern border of the city.

The Yakima Greenway is a 20-mile (32 km) system of parks, paved pathways, and nature reserves along the Yakima and Naches rivers.^[16] The community project was formed in 1983 with work to reclaim a former city landfill into a park, which opened in 1990 as Sarg Hubbard Park.^[17]

Several small lakes flank the northern edge of the city, including Myron Lake, Lake Aspen, Bergland Lake (private) and Rotary Lake (also known as Freeway Lake). These lakes are popular with fishermen and swimmers during the summer.

Climate

Yakima has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) with a Mediterranean precipitation pattern. Winters are cold, with December the coolest month, with a mean temperature of 28.5 °F (−1.9 °C).^[18] Annual average snowfall is 21.6 in (55 cm),^[18] with most occurring in December and January, when the snow depth averages 2 to 3 in (5.1 to 7.6 cm). There are 18.9 days per year in which the high does not surpass freezing, and 1.6 mornings where the low is 0 °F (−18 °C) or lower.^[18] Springtime warming is very gradual, with the average last freeze of the season May 13. Summer days are hot, but the diurnal temperature variation is large, averaging 34.9 °F (19.4 °C) in July, sometimes reaching as high as 50 °F (27.8 °C) during that season; there are 40.2 afternoons of maxima reaching 90 °F (32 °C) or greater annually and 5.7 afternoons of 100 °F (38 °C) maxima. Autumn cooling is very rapid, with the average first freeze of the season occurring on September 30. Due to the city's location in a rain shadow, precipitation, at an average of 8.01 in (203 mm) annually, is low year-round,^[18] but especially during summer. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −25 °F (−32 °C) on February 1, 1950,^[a] to 113 °F (45 °C) on June 29, 2021.^[20]

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Demographics

Zdroj:https://en.wikipedia.org?pojem=Yakima
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