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| Connecticut Open | |
|---|---|
| Defunct tennis tournament | |
| Tour | WTA Tour |
| Founded | 1948 |
| Abolished | 2019 |
| Editions | 50 |
| Location | New Haven, Connecticut United States |
| Category | ATP World Series (1990–1997) ATP International Series (1998–2008) ATP World Tour 250 series (2009–2010) WTA Tier IV (1988–1989) WTA Tier III (1990–1994) WTA Tier II (1997–2008) WTA Premier (2009–2018) |
| Surface | Hard / outdoor |
The Connecticut Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts under various names and in various venues from 1948 until 2019.
It was most recently a Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Premier Tournament on the WTA Tour, held annually at the Cullman-Heyman Tennis Center in New Haven, Connecticut, United States, just before the fourth and last Grand Slam tournament of the year, the US Open.[1] From 2005 through 2010, the tournament was also part of the ATP World Tour 250 series of the ATP Tour.
In 2019, the tournament sanction was sold to APG, a sports and entertainment company, which transferred it to Zhengzhou, China.[2]
History
The tournament was created in 1948 as the U.S. Women's Hardcourt Championships and first played in Sacramento, California, in the United States. Over the 20 years of its first run, the event was held in various locations in the western United States: San Francisco; Berkeley, California; Salt Lake City, Utah; Seattle, Washington; La Jolla, California; and Denver, Colorado. Among the winners of the event were Doris Hart, Darlene Hard, Nancy Richey, Rosemary Casals, Billie Jean King, and Jane Bartkowicz. The event was discontinued in 1969 after the beginning of the Open Era.[3]
In 1988, the United States Tennis Association (USTA) reinstated the tournament. The first edition of the new U.S. Women's Hardcourt Championships was held that year in San Antonio, Texas, first as part of Tier IV of the WTA Tour, then as an upgraded Tier III event in 1990. The championships were sponsored by Post Cereals in 1990[4] and by Acura from 1992 to 1994.[4] Over the first years of its second run, the tournament was won by several past or future World No. 1s, including Steffi Graf, Monica Seles, and Martina Navratilova. The event was held in Stratton Mountain, Vermont, in 1993 and 1994, but conflicts with the 1996 Summer Olympics prevented the tournament from being held the following two years. In 1997, the event returned again, now within Tier II and first in Stone Mountain, Georgia, then settling in 1998 in New Haven, Connecticut, under the new sponsorship of Pilot Pen.[3] In the first years of its run in New Haven, the renamed Pilot Pen International saw its competition dominated by Lindsay Davenport (four-time runner-up in New Haven, one previous time in Stone Mountain, and 2005 champion) and Venus Williams (four-time champion from 1999 to 2002).
New Haven was already host to a men's tournament, the Pilot Pen International. It was created in 1973 in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, as the Volvo International, and moved to Connecticut in 1990, where it took Pilot Pen sponsorship in 1997. When the men's event was cancelled in 1999, the women's Pilot Pen tournament remained the only one of the region.
In 2005, the USTA purchased the men's tournament of Long Island, New York,[5] and merged it with the women's Pilot Pen International to create Pilot Pen Tennis, the first large joint ATP–WTA tournament leading to the US Open.[6] The tournament became the last event of the US Open Series and continued to attract top players, including champions Caroline Wozniacki, Svetlana Kuznetsova, James Blake, Justine Henin, and Nikolay Davydenko.
In 2011, after the men's competition moved to Winston-Salem, the newly women's-only event was renamed the New Haven Open at Yale.[7] In 2014, it was renamed the Connecticut Open.[8]
In 2019, the Connecticut Open ended due to a lack of funding. The tournament's sanction was sold and assigned to Zhengzhou, China, after the 2019 US Open.[9] In 2021, the Tennis in the Land tournament in Cleveland took over its former spot on the WTA schedule.[10]
Past finals
Women's singles
| Location | Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| San Francisco | 1948* |  Gussie Moran |
 Virginia Wolfenden Kovacs |
2–6, 6–1, 6–2 |
| 1949* | Doris Hart |
Dorothy Head Knode |
6–3, 6–4 | |
| Berkeley, California | 1950* | Patricia Canning Todd |
 Magda Rurac |
6–2, 6–1 |
| Salt Lake City | 1951 | Patricia Canning Todd (2) |
Anita Kanter
|
6–1, 6–4 |
| Seattle | 1952 | Mary Arnold Prentiss |
Anita Kanter |
6–1, 8–6 |
| Salt Like City | 1953 | Anita Kanter |
Joan Merciadis |
6–0, 6–4 |
| 1954 | Beverly Baker Fleitz |
Barbara Green |
6–1, 6–3 | |
| La Jolla, California | 1955 | Mimi Arnold |
Patricia Canning Todd |
6–0, 6–0 |
| 1956 | Nancy Chaffee Kiner |
Patricia Canning Todd |
6–4, 5–7, 7–5 | |
| 1957 | Beverly Baker Fleitz (2) |
Mimi Arnold |
6–1, 6–1 | |
| 1958 | Beverly Baker Fleitz (3) |
Karen Hantze |
6–1, 8–6 | |
| Denver, Colorado | 1959 |  Sandra Reynolds |
Beverly Baker Fleitz |
6–3, 6–2 |
| La Jolla, California | 1960 | Katherine D. Chabot |
Karen Hantze |
4–6, 7–5, 7–5 |
| 1961 | Nancy Richey |
Dorothy Head Knode |
6–1, 6–1 | |
| Seattle | 1962 | Carol Hanks |
Marilyn Montgomery |
7–5, 6–3 |
| La Jolla, California | 1963 | Darlene Hard |
Tory Fretz |
6–1, 8–6 |
| Sacramento, California | 1964 | Kathleen Harter |
Kathy Blake |
6–1, 6–0 |
| 1965 | Rosemary Casals |
Kathleen Harter |
6–4, 4–6, 6–2 | |
| La Jolla, California | 1966 | Billie Jean King |
Patti Hogan |
7–5, 6–0 |
| Sacramento, California | 1967 | Jane "Peaches" Bartkowicz |
Valerie Ziegenfuss |
6–4, 6–4 |
| La Jolla, California | 1968 | Maryna Godwin |
Janet Newberry |
6–3, 8–6 |
| Sacramento, California | 1969 | Eliza Pande |
Kristien Kemmer |
7–5, 6–4 |
| 1970– 1987 |
Not held | |||
| San Antonio, Texas | 1988 |  Steffi Graf |
 Katerina Maleeva |
6–4, 6–1 |
| 1989 | Steffi Graf (2) |
Ann Henricksson |
6–1, 6–4 | |
| 1990 |  Monica Seles |
 Manuela Maleeva-Fragnière |
6–4, 6–3 | |
| 1991 | Steffi Graf (3) |
Monica Seles |
6–4, 6–3 | |
| 1992 | Martina Navratilova |
 Nathalie Tauziat |
6–2, 6–1 | |
| Stratton Mountain, Vermont | 1993 |  Conchita Martínez |
Zina Garrison |
6–3, 6–2 |
| 1994 | Conchita Martínez (2) |
Arantxa Sánchez Vicario |
4–6, 6–3, 6–4 | |
| 1995 | Not held | |||
| 1996 | Not held | |||
| Stone Mountain, Georgia | 1997 | Lindsay Davenport |
Sandrine Testud |
6–4, 6–1 |
| New Haven, Connecticut | 1998 | Steffi Graf (4) |
 Jana Novotná |
6–4, 6–1 |
| 1999 | Venus Williams |
Lindsay Davenport |
6–2, 7–5 | |
| 2000 | Venus Williams (2) |
Monica Seles |
6–2, 6–4 | |
| 2001 | Venus Williams (3) |
Lindsay Davenport |
7–6(8–6), 6–4 | |
| 2002 | Venus Williams (4) |
Lindsay Davenport |
7–5, 6–0 | |
| 2003 | Jennifer Capriati |
Lindsay Davenport |
6–2, 4–0 retired | |
| 2004 |  Elena Bovina |
Nathalie Dechy |
6–2, 2–6, 7–5 | |
| 2005 | Lindsay Davenport (2) |
Amélie Mauresmo |
6–4, 6–4 | |
| 2006 |  Justine Henin |
Lindsay Davenport |
6–0, 1–0 retired | |
| 2007 | Svetlana Kuznetsova |
 Ágnes Szávay |
4–6, 3–0 retired | |
| 2008 |  Caroline Wozniacki |
Anna Chakvetadze |
3–6, 6–4, 6–1 | |
| 2009 | Caroline Wozniacki (2) |
Elena Vesnina |
6–2, 6–4 | |
| 2010 | Caroline Wozniacki (3) |
Nadia Petrova |
6–3, 3–6, 6–3 | |
| 2011 | Caroline Wozniacki (4) |
Petra Cetkovská |
6–4, 6–1 | |
| 2012 | Petra Kvitová |
Maria Kirilenko |
7–6(11–9), 7–5 | |
| 2013 | Simona Halep |
Petra Kvitová |
6–2, 6–2 | |
| 2014 | Petra Kvitová (2) |
 Magdaléna Rybáriková |
6–4, 6–2 | |
| 2015 | Petra Kvitová (3) |
Lucie Šafářová |
6–7(6–8), 6–2, 6–2 | |
| 2016 |  Agnieszka Radwańska |
 Elina Svitolina |
6–1, 7–6(7–3) | |
| 2017 |  Daria Gavrilova |
Dominika Cibulková |
4–6, 6–3, 6–4 | |
| 2018 |  Aryna Sabalenka |
Carla Suárez Navarro |
6–1, 6–4 | |
- From 1948 through 1950, the U.S. Women's Hardcourt Championships were a combined event with the Pacific Coast Championships.
