A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
 Leaders from 10 of the 12 prospective member states at a TPP summit in 2010 | |
| Type | Trade agreement |
|---|---|
| Drafted | 5 October 2015[1][2][3] |
| Signed | 4 February 2016 |
| Location | Auckland, New Zealand |
| Effective | Not in force |
| Condition | Ratification by all original signatories, or (2 years after signature) ratification by at least 6 states corresponding to 85% of GDP of original signatories[4] |
| Signatories | |
| Ratifiers | |
| Depositary | New Zealand |
| Languages | English (prevailing in the case of conflict or divergence), Spanish, Vietnamese, Japanese, French |
| Full text | |
 Trans-Pacific Partnership at Wikisource | |
The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), or Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA), was a proposed trade agreement between 12 Pacific Rim economies: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, Vietnam, and the United States. In the United States, the proposal was signed on 4 February 2016 but not ratified as a result of significant domestic political opposition.[5] After taking office, the newly elected President Donald Trump formally withdrew the United States from TPP in January 2017,[6] therefore ensuring the TPP could not be ratified as required and did not enter into force. The remaining countries negotiated a new trade agreement called Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, which incorporated most of the provisions of the TPP and which entered into force on 30 December 2018.
The TPP began as an expansion of the Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement (TPSEP or P4) signed by Brunei, Chile, New Zealand and Singapore in 2005. Beginning in 2008, additional countries joined the discussion for a broader agreement: Australia, Canada, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, the United States, and Vietnam, bringing the negotiating countries to twelve. In January 2017, the United States withdrew from the agreement.[7] The other 11 TPP countries agreed in May 2017 to revive it[8][9] and reached agreement in January 2018. In March 2018, the 11 countries signed the revised version of the agreement, called Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership.[10] After ratification by six of them (Australia, Canada, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand and Singapore), the agreement came into force for those countries on 30 December 2018.
The original TPP contained measures to lower both non-tariff and tariff barriers to trade,[11] and establish an investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanism.[12] The U.S. International Trade Commission,[13] the Peterson Institute for International Economics, the World Bank and the Office of the Chief Economist at Global Affairs Canada stated that the final agreement, if ratified, would have led to net positive economic outcomes for all signatories.[Note 1] Many observers at the time said the trade deal would also have served a geopolitical purpose, namely to reduce the signatories' dependence on Chinese trade and bring the signatories closer to the United States.[22][23][24][25]
Membership
Twelve countries participated in negotiations for the TPP: the four parties to the 2005 Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement and eight additional countries. All twelve signed the TPP on 4 February 2016.[26] The agreement would have entered into force after ratification by all signatories, if this had occurred within two years. If the agreement had not been ratified by all before 4 February 2018, it would have entered into force after ratification by at least 6 states which together have a GDP of more than 85% of the GDP of all signatories. The withdrawal of the United States from the agreement in January 2017 effectively ended any prospect of the agreement entering into force. In response the remaining parties successfully negotiated a new version of the agreement that lacked the 85% GDP threshold, the CPTPP, which entered into force in December 2018.
| Country | Status in 2005 TPSEP agreement | Start of TPP Negotiations |
Signature of TPP | Ratification of TPP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Singapore
|
Party (28 May 2006) | February 2008 | 4 February 2016 | — |
 Brunei
|
Party (28 May 2006) | February 2008 | 4 February 2016 | — |
 New Zealand
|
Party (12 July 2006) | February 2008 | 4 February 2016 | 11 May 2017 |
 Chile
|
Party (8 November 2006) | February 2008 | 4 February 2016 | — |
 Australia
|
Non-party | November 2008 | 4 February 2016 | — |
 Peru
|
Non-party | November 2008 | 4 February 2016 | — |
 Vietnam
|
Non-party | November 2008 | 4 February 2016 | — |
 Malaysia
|
Non-party | October 2010 | 4 February 2016 | — |
 Mexico
|
Non-Party | October 2012 | 4 February 2016 | — |
 Canada[27]
|
Non-party | October 2012 | 4 February 2016 | — |
 Japan
|
Non-party | May 2013 | 4 February 2016 | 20 January 2017 |
Withdrawn member
On 23 January 2017, US President Donald Trump signed a presidential memorandum to withdraw the United States' signature from the agreement, making its ratification as it was in February 2016 virtually impossible.[28]
| Country | Status 2005 TPSEP agreement | Start of TPP Negotiations |
Signature of TPP | Withdrawn |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 United States
|
Non-party | February 2008 | 4 February 2016 | 23 January 2017[29] |
On 13 April 2018, Trump said the United States may rejoin the Trans-Pacific Partnership.[30][31][32][33]
Comparison of initial signatories to the agreement
| Australia
|
Brunei
|
Canada
|
Chile
|
Japan
|
Malaysia
|
Mexico
|
New Zealand
|
Peru
|
Singapore
|
United States
|
Vietnam
| |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP (PPP) | $1,415,564 million (2021)[34] | USD$22.675 trillion (2021) | ||||||||||
| GDP (Nominal) | AUD$1,617,543 million (2021)[35] | $1.297.7 Trillion (2021) | USD$22.775 trillion (2021) | |||||||||
| GDP per capita | $54,891 (2021)[35] | $67,426 (2020) | ||||||||||
| Population | 23,401,892 (2016)[36] | 445,373 (2021) | 36,991,981 (2021) | 17,574,003 (2017) | 126,226,568 (2020) | 28,334,000 (2010) | 129,150,971 (2020) | 4,699,755 (2018) | 31,237,285 (2017) | 5,453,600 (2021) | 328,239,523 (2019) | 98,506,193 (2021) |
| Area | 7,692,024 km2 (2,969,907 sq mi) | 5,765 km2 (2,226 sq mi) | 9,984,670 km2 (3,855,100 sq mi) | 756,096 km2 (291,930 sq mi) | 377,975.24 km2 (145,937.06 sq mi) | 330,803 km2 (127,724 sq mi) | 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi) | 268,000 km2 (103,000 sq mi) | 1,285,126 km2 (496,190 sq mi) | 710 km2 (270 sq mi) | 9,826,630 km2 (3,794,080 sq mi) | 331,210 km2 (127,880 sq mi) |
| Population density | 3.4/km2 (8.8/sq mi) |
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