Republic of Alto Monferrato Repubblica dell'Alto Monferrato
1944
Flag
Status	Unrecognized state
Capital	Nizza Monferrato
Common languages	Italian, Piedmontese
Government	Italian partisan republic
Historical era	World War II
• Established	September 1944
• Captured during Operation Koblenz-Süd	December 2, 1944
Preceded by Succeeded by Italian Social Republic Italian Social Republic

The Republic of Alto Monferrato was a short lived partisan state existing from September to December 2, 1944. The state came to exist following the political union of two Italian resistance movements based in Nizza Monferrato and Costigliole d'Asti of the southern Montferrat region.^[1] Its main territory comprised the towns of Moasca, San Marzano Oliveto, Calamandrana, Mombercelli, Bruno, Bergamasco, and Castelnuovo Belbo. There were four subdivisions of Alto Monferrato's troops; the VIII and IX division led by the Gribaldi Brigades, and the II and V division led autonomously. ^[2]

Operation Koblenz-Süd

The republic was left to a swift and violent end in Operation Koblenz-Süd, a roundup led by Nazi German troops and supported by Fascist Italy. When the enemy troops arrived, the resistance troops (often new recruits with limited military experience) fled into the mountains. The Nazis quickly occupied Nizza Monferrato in December 2, de facto beheading the republic and rounding civilians suspected of supporting partisan forces. The operation ended only three weeks after, in December 21, with around 400 partisans captured and shot.^[3] Surviving prisoners, one including a member of the Alto Monferrato council, were sent to Nazi concentration camps. Captured civilians, nearing one thousands, were also sent to forced labor in Germany.^[2]

References