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| Rallye Automobile Monte-Carlo | |
|---|---|
 1911–2011 Centenary logo | |
| Status | Active |
| Genre | Motor Sport event |
| Date(s) | January |
| Frequency | Annual |
| Location(s) | Europe, France, Africa and Monaco |
| Inaugurated | 1911 |
| Founder | Prince Albert I |
The Monte Carlo Rally or Rallye Monte-Carlo (officially Rallye Automobile de Monte-Carlo) is a rallying event organized each year by the Automobile Club de Monaco. From its inception in 1911 by Prince Albert I, the rally was intended to demonstrate improvements and innovations in automobiles, and promote Monaco as a tourist resort on the Mediterranean shore. Before the format changed in 1997,[1] the event was a “concentration rally” in which competitors would set off from various starting points around Europe and drive to Monaco, where the rally would continue to a set of special stages. The rally now takes place along the French Riviera in Monaco and southeast France.
History
1911 beginnings and controversy
In 1909 the Automobile Club de Monaco (Sport Automobile Vélocipédique Monégasque) started planning a car rally at the behest of Albert I, Prince of Monaco. The Monte Carlo Rally was to start at points all over Europe and converge on Monte Carlo. In January 1911 23 cars set out from 11 different locations and Henri Rougier was among the nine who left Paris to cover a 1,020 kilometres (634 mi) route. The event was won by Rougier in a Turcat-Méry 25 Hp. The rally comprised both driving and then somewhat arbitrary judging based on the elegance of the car, passenger comfort and the condition in which it arrived in the principality. The outcry of scandal when the results were published changed nothing, so Rougier was proclaimed the first winner.[2][3]
Following the Second World War, works or works-supported teams became more and more important. From 1949 onwards, there was a special Team prize. First winners were the three Allards of Potter, Godsall and Imhof. Simca, Delahaye, Sunbeam-Talbot, Jaguar were subsequent winners. Sydney Allard – as the first and only winner driving his own car – was driving a "works" car in 1952, but Gatsonides also participated in a factory prepared Ford Zephyr in 1953, a year that saw no fewer than eight factory backed Sunbeam-Talbots.[4]
1966 controversy
The 1966 event was the most controversial in the history of the Rally. The first four finishers, driving three Mini-Coopers, Timo Mäkinen, Rauno Aaltonen and Paddy Hopkirk, and Roger Clark's 4th-placed Ford Cortina were all disqualified because they used non-dipping single filament quartz iodine bulbs in their headlamps, in place of the standard double filament dipping glass bulbs, which are fitted to the series production version of each models sold to the public.[5] This elevated Pauli Toivonen (Citroën ID) into first place overall. Rosemary Smith (Hillman Imp) was also disqualified from sixth place, after winning the Coupe des Dames, the ladies' class. In all, ten cars were disqualified.[6] Teams threatened to boycott the event.[7] The headline in Motor Sport read "The Monte Carlo Fiasco".[8]
Recent history
From 1973 to 2008 the rally was held in January as the first event of the FIA World Rally Championship, but between 2009 and 2011 it was the opening round of the Intercontinental Rally Challenge (IRC) programme, a championship for N/A 4WD cars, before returning to the WRC championship season again in 2012. As recently as 1991, competitors were able to choose their starting points from approximately five venues roughly equidistant from Monte Carlo (one of Monaco's administrative areas) itself.
With often varying conditions at each starting point (typically comprising dry tarmac, wet tarmac, snow, and ice, sometimes all in a single stage of the rally), this event places a big emphasis on tyre choices, as a driver has to balance the need for grip on ice and snow with the need for grip on dry tarmac. For the driver, this is often a difficult choice as the tyres that work well on snow and ice normally perform badly on dry tarmac.
The Automobile Club de Monaco confirmed on 19 July 2010 that the 79th Monte-Carlo Rally would form the opening round of the new Intercontinental Rally Challenge season.[9] To mark the centenary event, the Automobile Club de Monaco has also confirmed that Glasgow, Barcelona, Warsaw and Marrakesh have been selected as start points for the rally.
Col de Turini
This rally features one of the most famous special stages in the world. The stage is run from La Bollène-Vésubie to Sospel, or the other way around, over a steep and tight mountain road with many hairpin turns. On this 31 km route it passes over the Col de Turini, a mountain pass road which normally has ice and/or snow on sections of it at that time of the year. Spectators also throw snow on the road—in 2005, Marcus Grönholm and Petter Solberg both ripped a wheel off their cars when they skidded on snow probably placed there by spectators,[citation needed] and crashed into a wall. Grönholm went on to finish fifth, but Solberg was forced to retire as the damage to his car was extensive. In the same event, Sébastien Loeb set one of the fastest times in the modern era, with 21 minutes 40 seconds.
Sospel has an elevation of 479 m and the D70 has a maximum elevation of 1603 m, for an average gradient of 6.7%. The Turini is also driven at night, with thousands of fans watching the "Night of Turini", also known as the "Night of the Long Knives" due to the strong high beam lights cutting through the night.[10][11] In the 2007 edition of the rally, the Turini was not used, but it returned for the 2008 route.[12] For both the 2009 and 2010 event the stage was run at night and shown live on Eurosport.
The event as part of FIA Championships: ERC, WRC and IRC
From its introduction in 1953 to 1972 the Rallye was part of the European Rally Championship, except in 1968 and 1969. From 1973 to 2008 the rally was held in January as the first event of the FIA World Rally Championship, but between 2009 and 2011 it has been the opening round of the Intercontinental Rally Challenge (IRC) programme, a championship for N/A 4WD cars, before returning to the WRC championship season again in 2012. As recently as 1991, competitors were able to choose their starting points from approximately five venues roughly equidistant from Monte Carlo (one of Monaco's administrative areas) itself.
Past winners of the event, including second and third places
1911–1972
| Year & Edition | Winner | Second | Third | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entrant/Nationality | Car & Type (engine displacement) | Starting #/ License plate | Place of departure (Km) | Entrant/Nationality | Car & Type (engine displacement) | Starting #/ License plate | Place of departure (Km) | Entrant/Nationality | Car & Type (engine displacement) | Starting #/ License plate | Place of departure (Km) | |
| 1911 I | Henri Rougier (F) | Turcat-Méry 25HP Double coupé | #1 793 WI |
Paris (1020 km) | J.A. de Aspiazu (6 travellers) | Gobron-Brillié 40CV torpedo cabriolet (7600cc) | #3 ...6-E |
Paris (1020 km) | Julius Beutler (D) | Martini 28/35 HP landaulet | #13? |
Berlin (1700 km) |
| 1912 II | Julius Beutler (D) | Berliet 16CV | #69 IA-5135 |
Berlin (1700 km) | (Captain) Karl Friedrich Von Esmarch (D) | Dürkopp 12/64 HP | #26 IA-6028 |
Berlin (1700 km) | Paul Meunier (F) (7 travellers) | Delaunay-Belleville 40 CV Conduite Interieure (double rear tyres) | #9 | Le Havre[13] (1229 km) |
| 1913–23 | Not held | |||||||||||
| 1924 III | Jacques Edouard Ledure & Madame Ledure (B) (4 travellers) | Bignan 11CV conduite interieure (1975 cc) | #62 | Glasgow (2006 km) | M.G. Marquet Fils | Métallurgique 2 litres, conduite interieure Vanden Plas (1970 cc) | #64 | Amsterdam (1527 km) | Barbillon | Bignan 11CV conduite interieure (1975 cc) | #77 | Boulogne-sur-Mer (1269 km) |
| 1925 IV | François Repusseau & Madame Repusseau (F) (6 travellers) | Renault 40CV Conduite Interieure (9131 cc) | #4 | Tunis (3860 km) | Madame Mertens (& Monsieur Mertens) (2 travellers) | Lancia Lambda (2400 cc) | #42 5829 G8 |
Tunis (3860 km) | Lt. Lamarche | FN (1460 cc) | #21 | Tunis (3860 km) |
| 1926 V | Victor A. Bruce / William J Brunell (GB) (2 travellers) | Autocarrier AC Six twoseater drophead coupé (1991 cc) | #12 PE 7799 |
John O'Groats (2461 km) | Pierre Bussienne (F) | Sizaire Frères (1993 cc) | #35 | Brest | Madame "Marika" [14] | Citroën B2/B10 (1452 cc) | #36 | Brest |
| 1927 VI | Marcel Lefebvre-Despeaux (F) (5 travellers) | Amilcar CGSS Sedan (cozette)[15] (1089 cc) | #29 9053 X3 |
Königsberg (2643 km) | Pierre Clause (F) | Celtic-Bignan (1100 cc) | #19 | Königsberg (2643 km) | Pierre Bussienne (F) | Sizaire-Frères (1993 cc) | #32 | Königsberg (2643 km) |
| 1928 VII | Jacques Bignan (F) (5 travellers) | Fiat 509 Sedan (990 cc) | #24 2212 X3 |
Bucharest | E. P. Malaret (5 travellers) | Fiat 509 (990 cc) | #1 60??? |
Königsberg | Charlotte Versigny (F) | Talbot 70 sedan (1672 cc) | #2 | Bucharest |
| 1929 VIII | Jacques Johan Sprenger van Eijk (NL) / Frits Rodrigo (NL) / Loten van Doelen Grothe[16] (NL) / van Soeren (NL)(4 travellers) | Graham-Paige 619 (4718 cc) | #43 P-4910 |
Stockholm (2961 km) | Viktor Szmick (HU) / Emánuel Csajkovszky / Laszlo Wolfner ? / Ferenc Pesti ? | Weiss Manfréd prototype (875 cc) | #41 8 27 193 |
Bucharest | IJsbrand Visser (NL) | Lancia Lambda (2400 cc) | #57 | |
| 1930 IX | Hector Petit (F) / Robert Lestienne (F) / André Galloisy (F) (3 travellers) | Licorne 5CV torpedo 2 portes (905 cc) | #27 | Iași (Jassy) (3518 km) | (Commandant) Alex C. Berlesco (or: Berlescu) (RO) | DeSoto Model K Roadster six (2799 cc) | #86 UW 3148 (?) |
Iași (Jassy) (3518 km) | Abel Blin D'Orimont (B) | Studebaker (5380 cc) | #25 | Iași (Jassy) (3518 km) |
| 1931 X | Large cars: Donald Healey (GB) / Lewis Pearce / Humfrey E. Symons (GB) (3 travellers) | Invicta S-type 4.5 Litre (4467 cc) | #128 PL 3188 |
Stavanger (3638 km) | Jean-Pierre Wimille (F) | Lorraine coupe sport B3-6 (3500 cc) | #121 | Stavanger (3638 km) | Madame Lucy Schell (USA) | Bugatti T44 Berline Gangloff (2991 cc) | #167 2059 RE4 |
Stavanger (3638 km) |
| Small cars (<1100cc) Victor E. Leverett (GB) | Riley Nine Monaco Saloon (1087 cc) | #4 GN7 |
Stavanger (3638 km) | de Lavalette | Peugeot | Madame Jeanne | Rosengart | |||||
| 1932 XI | Large cars: Maurice Vasselle (F) / François Duhamel (F) | Hotchkiss AM 2 (2475 cc) | #64 9558 RF4 | Umeå (3750 km) | Donald Healey (GB) | Invicta S-type 4.5 litre low chassis (4467 cc) | #1 PL 9662 |
Umeå (3750 km) | Boris Ivanowski (RU)/ Mary Ham | Ford V8 (3284 cc) | #62 | Umeå (3750 km) |
| Small cars (<1500 cc): G. de Lavelette (F)/Charles de Cortanze (F) | Peugeot 201C (1085 cc) | #212 3084 RF4 |
Umeå (3750 km) | André Boillot (F) | Peugeot 201C (1085 cc) | #211 3085 RF4 |
Athens (3785 km) | Victor E. Leverett (GB) / George Dennison (GB) | Riley Six Alpine Tourer (1486 cc)[17] | #208 VC 9899 |
Umeå (3750 km) | |
| 1933 XII | Maurice Vasselle (F) / Buzi (F) / Maret (F) | Hotchkiss AM80 S (3485 cc) | #1 8291-RG1 |
Tallinn (3780 km) | Robert Guyot (F) | Renault Nervasport (4241 cc) | #34 4259 RC |
Tallinn (3780 km) | Madame Germaine Rouault (F) / Julio Quinlin (F) | Salmson S4C (1495 cc) | #15 5856 RG |
Tallinn (3780 km) |
| 1934 XIII | Louis Gas (F) / Jean Trévoux (F) | Hotchkiss AM80 S (3485 cc) | #4 9683 RT |
Athens (3786 km) | Marc Chauvierre-Lanciano (F) (4 travellers) | Chenard-Walcker Aigle V8 (3600 cc) | #17 5630 R?? |
Athens (3786 km) | Donald Healey (GB) / Lewis Pearce (GB) (3 travellers ?) | Triumph Gloria "special" (1232 cc) | #151 KV 6905 |
Athens (3786 km) |
| 1935 XIV | Charles Lahaye (F) / René Quatresous (F) | Renault Nervasport CS (4827 cc?) | #51 8000 UD 2 |
Stavanger (3696 km) | Jack C. Ridley (GB) | Triumph Gloria "special" (1232 cc) | #23 KVG 90? |
Umeå (3780 km) | Madame Lucy O'Reilly Schell (USA) / Laury Schell(USA) | Delahaye 135 (3557 cc) | #136 1821-RJI |
Stavanger (3696 km) |
| 1936 XV | Petre G. Cristea (RO)/ Ion Zamfirescu (RO) | Ford Model 48 two-seater convertible "speciale" (3622 cc) | #16 1701-B |
Athens | Lucy O'Reilly Schell (USA)| Laury Schell (USA) | Delahaye 135 Sport (3557 cc) | #41 707 RK |
Athens | Charles Lahaye (F) / (F) | Renault Vivasport (4085 cc) | #1 1330 DU 3 |
Athens |
| 1937 XVI | René Le Bègue (F) / Julio Quinlin (F) | Delahaye 135 MS Spéciale (3557 cc) | #20 1581 RK 2 |
Stavanger | Philippe de Massa (F) / Norbert-Jean Mahe (F) | Talbot (3988 cc) | #86 | Stavanger | [18] M. Jacobs / Tj. de Boer (NL) / Lindner [19] | Buick (4560 cc) | #103 | Stavanger |
| 1938 XVII | Gerard Bakker-Schut (NL) / Karel Ton (NL) / Klaas Barendrecht (NL) | Ford V8 two-door coupe (3622 cc) | #9 GZ 15572 |
Athens | Jean Trévoux (F) / Marcel Lesurque (F) | Hotchkiss 686 (3485 cc) | #12 3354 RL 4 |
Athens | Charles Lahaye (F) / René Quatresous (F) | Renault Primaquatre (2383 cc) | #93 8000 DU 3 |
Athens |
| 1939 XVIII | Jean Trévoux (F) / Marcel Lesurque (F), ex aequo Jean Paul (F) / Marcel Contet (F) |
Hotchkiss 686 GS Riviera cabriolet (3485 cc), ex aequo Delahaye 135 M (3557 cc) |
#7, ex aequo #31 |
Athens, ex aequo Athens (3812 km) |
No second place, joint first place
|
Ernest Mutsaerts (NL)/ André Kouwenberg (NL)/ Paul Lamberts Hurrelbrinck (NL) | Ford V8 (3622 cc) | #71 | Palermo (4090 km) | |||
| 1940–48 | Not held | |||||||||||
| 1949 XIX | Jean Trévoux (F) / Marcel Lesurque (F) | Hotchkiss 686GS sedan (3485 cc) | #36 5940 RO 6 |
Lisbon | Maurice Worms / Edmond Mouche | Hotchkiss 686 GS sedan (3485 cc) | #38 | Monte Carlo | František Dobry (CZ) / Zdeněk Treybal (CZ) | Bristol 400 (1971 cc) | #68 P 28797 |
Monte Carlo |
| 1950 XX | Marcel Becquart (F) / Henri Secret (F) | Hotchkiss 686GS sedan Paris-Nice (1939) (3485 cc) | #23 10 04 |
Lisbon | Maurice Gatsonides (NL) / Klaas Barendregt (NL) |
Humber Super Snipe (4086 cc) | #231 JHP 329 |
Monte Carlo | Julio Quinlin (F) /Jean Behra (F) | Simca 8 Coupé (1090 cc) | #224 821 RU8 | Monte Carlo |
| 1951 XXI | Jean Trévoux (F) / Roger Crovetto (F) | Delahaye 175 S Motto (4455 cc) | #277 3413 P 75 |
Lisbon | Comte/Conde? de Monte Real (P) / Manuel J. Palma (P) | Ford V8 (3622 cc?) | #332 HC-13-03 |
Lisbon | Cecil Vard (IRL)/ Bill A Young / Arthur Jolley (GB NI) | Jaguar Mark V (3485 cc?) | #211 ZE 7445 |
Glasgow |