A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | CH | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
Names | |
---|---|
Preferred IUPAC name
Pentanal | |
Other names
Pentanaldehyde
Valeraldehyde Valeric aldehyde | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
ChEBI | |
ChemSpider | |
DrugBank | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.442 |
PubChem CID
|
|
UNII | |
UN number | 2058 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|
| |
| |
Properties | |
C5H10O | |
Molar mass | 86.134 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | Clear liquid |
Odor | Strong, acrid, pungent |
Density | 0.8095 at 20 °C |
Melting point | −60 °C (−76 °F; 213 K) |
Boiling point | 102 to 103 °C (216 to 217 °F; 375 to 376 K) |
14 g/L (20 °C) | |
Vapor pressure | 0.35 kPa (20 °C)[3] |
Viscosity | 0.6 mPa·s (20 °C) |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | 12 °C (54 °F; 285 K)[3] |
220 °C (428 °F; 493 K) | |
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose)
|
3200 mg/kg (oral, rat) 4860 mg/kg (dermal, rabbit) |
LC50 (median concentration)
|
14.3 ppm (rat, 4h) |
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible)
|
none[3] |
REL (Recommended)
|
TWA 50 ppm (175 mg/m3)[3] |
IDLH (Immediate danger)
|
N.D.[3] |
Safety data sheet (SDS) | Fisher Scientific |
Related compounds | |
Related aldehydes
|
Butyraldehyde |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
|
Pentanal (also called valeraldehyde) is the organic compound with molecular formula C4H9CHO. Classified as an alkyl aldehyde, it is a colorless volatile liquid. Its odor is described as fermented, bready, fruity, nutty, berry.[4]
Production
Pentanal is obtained by hydroformylation of butene. Also C4 mixtures can be used as starting material like the so-called raffinate II, which is produced by steam cracking and contains (Z)- and (E)-2-butene, 1-butene, butane and isobutane. The conversion to the product is accomplished with synthesis gas in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a rhodium-bisphosphite complex and a sterically hindered secondary amine with a selectivity toward pentanal of at least 90%.[5]
Use
Pentanal undergoes the reactions characteristic of any alkyl aldehyde, i.e., oxidations, condensations, and reductions. 2-Octanone, produced for use in the fragrance industry, is obtained by the condensation of acetone and pentanal, followed by hydrogenation of the alkene.[6]
2-Propyl-2-heptenal is obtained from pentanal by aldol condensation, which is hydrogenated to the saturated branched 2-propylheptanol. This alcohol serves as a starting material for the PVC plasticizer di-2-propylheptyl phthalate (DPHP).
Pentanal (valeraldehyde) is oxidized to give valeric acid.[7]
References
- ^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 9813.
- ^ n-Valeraldehyde at chemicalland21.com
- ^ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0652". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ "Valeraldehyde, 110-62-3".
- ^ Patent WO 2009/146985 der Evonik Oxeno GmbH.
- ^ Siegel, Hardo; Eggersdorfer, Manfred (2000). "Ketones". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_077. ISBN 9783527306732.
- ^ Riemenschneider, Wilhelm (2002). "Carboxylic Acids, Aliphatic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a05_235. ISBN 978-3527306732.
Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky použitia.
Antropológia
Aplikované vedy
Bibliometria
Dejiny vedy
Encyklopédie
Filozofia vedy
Forenzné vedy
Humanitné vedy
Knižničná veda
Kryogenika
Kryptológia
Kulturológia
Literárna veda
Medzidisciplinárne oblasti
Metódy kvantitatívnej analýzy
Metavedy
Metodika
Text je dostupný za podmienok Creative
Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 Unported; prípadne za ďalších
podmienok.
Podrobnejšie informácie nájdete na stránke Podmienky
použitia.
www.astronomia.sk | www.biologia.sk | www.botanika.sk | www.dejiny.sk | www.economy.sk | www.elektrotechnika.sk | www.estetika.sk | www.farmakologia.sk | www.filozofia.sk | Fyzika | www.futurologia.sk | www.genetika.sk | www.chemia.sk | www.lingvistika.sk | www.politologia.sk | www.psychologia.sk | www.sexuologia.sk | www.sociologia.sk | www.veda.sk I www.zoologia.sk